Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania

{{Expand Romanian|Biserica Evanghelică de Confesiune Augustană din România|date=August 2021}}

{{Infobox Christian denomination

| icon =

| icon_width =

| icon_alt =

| name = Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania

| native_name = Evangelische Kirche Augsburgischen Bekenntnisses in Rumänien {{small|(de)}}
Biserica Evanghelică de Confesiune Augustană în România {{small|(ro)}}

| native_name_lang = de

| image = Basov Street 787 Black Church.jpg

| imagewidth =

| alt =

| caption = Black Church, Brașov

| abbreviation = BECAR

| type = Western Christianity

| main_classification = Protestant

| orientation = Lutheranism

| scripture = Bible

| theology =

| polity = Synodal

| structure =

| leader_title = Bishop

| leader_name = Reinhart Guib

| fellowships_type =

| fellowships =

| division_type = Districts

| division = 5

| division_type1 = Parishes

| division1 = 233

| division_type2 =

| division2 =

| division_type3 =

| division3 =

| associations = {{plainlist}}

| area = Romania

| language = German

| liturgy =

| headquarters = Str. General Magheru nr.4, Sibiu

| possessions =

| founder = Johannes Honter

| founded_date = 1542

| founded_place =

| independence =

| reunion =

| recognition =

| separated_from = Roman Catholic Church

| merger =

| absorbed =

| separations = Evangelical Lutheran Church of Romania (1920)

| congregations_type =

| congregations = 254

| members = 3,373 (2022)

| ministers_type = Priests

| ministers = 44

| missionaries =

| churches =

| hospitals =

| nursing_homes =

| aid =

| primary_schools =

| secondary_schools =

| tax_status =

| tertiary = Protestant Theological Institute of Cluj

| other_names =

| publications =

| website = {{URL|evang.ro}}

| slogan =

| logo =

| module =

| footnotes =

}}

The Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania ({{langx|de|Evangelische Kirche A.B. [Augsburgischen Bekenntnisses] in Rumänien}}, {{langx|ro|Biserica Evanghelică de Confesiune Augustană în România}}) is a German-speaking Lutheran church in Romania, mainly based in Transylvania. As a Lutheran church, it adheres to the Augsburg Confession. Its history goes back to the 12th century when the Transylvanian Saxons arrived in the region, then part of the Kingdom of Hungary.{{Cite web |url=http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/europe/romania/evangelical-lutheran-church-of-the-augsburg-confession-in-romania.html |title=Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania |access-date=2009-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013044518/http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/europe/romania/evangelical-lutheran-church-of-the-augsburg-confession-in-romania.html |archive-date=2008-10-13 |url-status=dead }}

The church has altar and pulpit fellowship with, but is distinct from, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Romania, which is mainly Hungarian-speaking. It also cooperates with the Calvinist Reformed Church in Romania.{{cite web|url=https://www.oikoumene.org/member-churches/evangelical-church-of-the-augsburg-confession-in-romania|title=World Council of Churches: Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania|language=en|access-date=2021-08-25|archive-date=2021-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825185035/https://www.oikoumene.org/member-churches/evangelical-church-of-the-augsburg-confession-in-romania|url-status=live}}

History

= Beginnings =

The history of the Evangelical (Lutheran) Church in the territory of today's Romania finds its beginnings in the mid-16th century, through the humanist cartographer and reformer Johannes Honterus.{{cite web|url=http://culte.gov.ro/?page_id=726|title=Secretariatul de stat pentru culte: Biserica Evanghelică C.A. din România|language=ro|access-date=2021-08-25|archive-date=2018-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120135728/http://culte.gov.ro/?page_id=726|url-status=dead}} Martin Luther's writings had been brought and spread in Transylvania as early as 1519, but the real reformation among the German Catholic population took place in 1542 (or 1543) with the publication of {{Lang|de|Reformationsbüchlein}}, Reformation booklets, by Honterus in his own printing house in Brașov ({{Langx|de|Kronstadt|links=no}}).({{langx|la|Reformatio ecclesiae Coronensis ac totius Barcensis provinciae}} (1543), {{langx|de|Reformationsbüchlein für Kronstadt und das Burzenland}}, {{langx|ro|Cărticica de reformă pentru Brașov și Țara Bârsei}})

In 1572, the Synod of Mediasch ({{langx|ro|Mediaș|links=no}}) accepted the Augsburg Confession, one of the most important doctrinal documents of Evangelical Lutheranism (presented in 1530 at the Diet of Augsburg), as the basis for preaching and church life.

In the semi-independent Principality of Transylvania (under Turkish control), the church enjoyed much religious freedom. However, this changed when it came under Habsburg control, with the Catholic Church having privileged status.

= 20th century =

File:Evangelische Kirche in Siebenbuergen 1904.JPG Lutheran church in Transylvania in 1904]]

The Lutheran German minority was highly persecuted during the communist era. The church activities were surveyed by the Securitate, its school system and the diaconal institutions were dismantled. This resulted in an increasing emigration of members. After the 1989 revolution (and the opening of the borders), many Germans left the country, which decimated the number of members in the church.

Since 1994 female ordination is allowed.{{cite web|url=https://www.evang.ro/geschichte/|title=Geschichte|language=de|access-date=2023-05-01|archive-date=2023-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501191032/https://www.evang.ro/geschichte/|url-status=live}}

Churches

Image:Kirchenburg_Birth%C3%A4lm.jpg|One of the Lutheran fortified churches in Biertan

Image:La chiesa sulla collina.jpg|Church on the Hill, Sighișoara

Image:RO SB Saint Mary Lutheran church 1.jpg|Saint Mary Cathedral, Sibiu

Image:Biserica Neagra Brasov.JPG|Black Church, Brașov

Image:Biserica Lutherana din Bucuresti.jpg|Lutheran Church, Bucharest

Image:Valea Viilor Biserica fortificata.JPG|Valea Viilor fortified church, Sibiu County

Image:Biserica Sfantul Bartolomeu Brasov.jpg|Saint Bartholomew Church, Brașov

References

External links

[http://www.evang.ro/ Official website] {{in lang|de|ro}}

Category:Lutheranism in Romania

Category:Religious organizations established in the 1570s

Category:Lutheran World Federation members