Exostema

Exostema is a genus of neotropical trees and shrubs. The flowers have a slender corolla tube with recurved corolla lobes. The stamens are inserted near the base of the corolla tube and exserted well beyond its mouth. The anthers are long and basifixed.{{cite journal|author=McDowell T|author2=Bremer B|year=1998|title=Phylogeny, diversity, and distribution in Exostema (Rubiaceae): implications of morphological and molecular analyses|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|volume=212|issue=3–4|pages=215–246|doi=10.1007/bf01089740|bibcode=1998PSyEv.212..215M |s2cid=23714607}}

The type species for the genus is Exostema caribaeum.{{cite web|url=http://www.botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Exostema|title=Exostema in the Index Nominum Genericorum|accessdate=20 June 2014}} It is a tree of Central America and the Caribbean. Its lumber is of limited use.

Exostema was first named by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon as a subgenus of Cinchona.Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. 1805. Synopsis plantarum,seu Enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum /curante. 1:196. It was first validly published as a genus by Aimé Bonpland in 1807.{{cite web|url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do?find_family=&find_genus=Exostema+&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearch|title=Exostema in the International Plant Names Index|accessdate=20 June 2014}}Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland. 1807. Plantes équinoxiales recueillies au Mexique :dans l'île de Cuba, dans les provinces de Caracas, de Cumana et de Barcelone, aux Andes de la Nouvelle Grenade, de Quito et du Pérou, et sur les bords du rio-Negro de Orénoque et de la rivière des Amazones. 1:131. F. Schoell: Paris, France. The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words, exo, meaning "outside", and stema, "stamen".{{cite book|author=Quattrocchi U|year=2000|title=CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names|volume=1|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton, New York, Washington DC, London|isbn=978-0-8493-2675-2}}

As circumscribed in 2010, Exostema was probably polyphyletic.{{cite journal|author=Manns U, Bremer B|year=2010|title=Towards a better understanding of intertribal relationships and stable tribal delimitations within Cinchonoideae s.s. (Rubiaceae)|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=56|pages=21–39|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.002|pmid=20382247|issue=1}} Species have since been moved to other genera.

{{As of|2023|March}}, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:{{cite web |title=Exostema (Pers.) Bonpl. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1057956-2 |access-date=2023-03-19 }}

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• Exostema acuminatum Urb.
• Exostema bicolor Poepp.
• Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Schult.
• Exostema coriaceum (Poir.) Schult.
• Exostema glaberrimum Borhidi & M.Fernández
• Exostema lancifolium Borhidi & Acuña
• Exostema nitens Urb.
• Exostema purpureum Griseb.
• Exostema revolutum Borhidi & M.Fernández
• Exostema salicifolium Griseb.
• Exostema spinosum (Le Vavass.) Krug & Urb.

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{{Reflist}}

• [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Exostema Exostema] At [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]
• [http://www.botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Exostema Exostema] At [http://www.botany.si.edu/ing Index Nominum Genericorum]
• [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/234981 Exostema] At [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/Default.aspx Biodiversity Heritage Library]
• [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do?find_family=&find_genus=Exostema+&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearch Exostema] At [http://www.ipni.org IPNI]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20121011004437/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?4587 Exostema] At [https://web.archive.org/web/20041015103620/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/index.pl GRIN taxonomy for plants]
• [https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/43484 Exostema] At [https://www.uniprot.org UniProt]

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Category:Rubiaceae genera

Category:Taxa named by Aimé Bonpland

Category:Taxa named by Alexander von Humboldt

Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot