ExxonMobil#Environmental record

{{Main|History of ExxonMobil}}

ExxonMobil traces its roots to Vacuum Oil Company, founded in 1866. Vacuum Oil later was acquired by Standard Oil in 1879, divested from Standard in 1911 with its breakup, and merged by the Standard Oil Company of New York (Socony), later known as Mobil, in 1931. After the 1911 breakup, Standard Oil continued to exist through its New Jersey subsidiary, sometimes shortened to Jersey Standard, and retained the Standard Oil name in much of the eastern United States. Jersey Standard grew by acquiring Humble Oil in the 1930s and became the dominant oil company on the world stage. The company's lack of ownership over the Standard Oil name across the United States, however, prompted a name change to unify all of its brands under one name, choosing to name itself Exxon in 1972 over continuing to use the three distinct brands of Esso, Enco, and Humble Oil.{{Cite web |last=for the City of Rochester |date=September 1990 |title=Detailed Historical Site Assessment of the Vacuum Oil Company's facilities and locations |url=https://www.dec.ny.gov/data/DecDocs/C828218/Application.BCP.C828218.1990-09-01.Detailed%20Historical%20Site%20Assessmwnt%20Vacuum%20Oil%20Site.pdf |access-date=May 8, 2023 |website=New York Department of Environmental Conservation}}{{Citation |last=Kumar |first=B. Rajesh |title=ExxonMobil Merger |date=2019 |work=Wealth Creation in the World's Largest Mergers and Acquisitions: Integrated Case Studies |pages=101–109 |editor-last=Kumar |editor-first=B. Rajesh |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-02363-8_9 |access-date=September 15, 2022 |series=Management for Professionals |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-02363-8_9 |isbn=978-3-030-02363-8 |s2cid=239577792 |issn = 2192-8096}}{{Subscription required}}

In 1998, the two companies agreed to merge and form ExxonMobil, with the deal closing on November 30, 1999. The two companies cited lower oil prices and a better ability to compete with other state-owned oil companies outside of the United States like Pemex and Aramco. With the deal, the two companies practically merged, with the new company's name containing both of the trade names of its immediate predecessors. However, the structure of the merger provided that Exxon was the surviving company and bought Mobil, rather than a new company being created.{{cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-dec-02-mn-49856-story.html |title=Exxon and Mobil Agree to Biggest Merger Ever |last=Brooks |first=Nancy Rivera |date=December 2, 1998 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |access-date=April 8, 2020}}{{Cite web |title=The Exxon – Mobil Merger Controversy {{!}} Business Strategy {{!}} Case Study {{!}} Case Studies |url=https://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/business%20strategy2/Business%20Strategy%20The%20Exxon-Mobil%20Merger%20Controversy.htm#:~:text=Many%20reasons%20lay%20behind%20the,reasons%20behind%20the%20mega%20merger. |access-date=May 9, 2023 |website=icmrindia.org}}{{Cite web |title=U.S. to Allow Mobil Deal With Exxon |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPcap/1999-11/28/076r-112899-idx.html |access-date=May 9, 2023 |website=washingtonpost.com}} Following the merger, Exxon's NYSE ticker symbol was changed from "XON"{{Cite web |author=Motley Fool Staff |date=February 10, 1999 |title=Exxon Mobil (Drip Port) February 10, 1999 |url=https://www.fool.com/archive/dripport/1999/02/10/exxon-mobil-drip-port-february-10-1999.aspx |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=The Motley Fool |language=en}} to "XOM".

ExxonMobil is the largest non-government-owned company in the energy industry and produces about 3% of the world's oil and about 2% of the world's energy.{{cite web|url=http://www.mrcplast.com/news-news_open-343885.html|title=Exxon Mobil eyes multi-billion dollar investment at Singapore refinery {{!}} Market Report Company – analytics, Prices, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, polystyrene, Russia, Ukraine, Europe, Asia, reports|website=www.mrcplast.com|access-date=April 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403025412/http://www.mrcplast.com/news-news_open-343885.html|archive-date=April 3, 2019|url-status=live}}

[[File:Guyana's_offshore_mineral_exploration_blocks,_producing_vessels,_and_proposed_projects_in_the_Stabroek_block_(May_2024)_(53736542101).png|thumb|right|300px|

ExxonMobil in Guyana crude oil drills map image offshore regions, Guyana exports around 500,000 barrels per day in offshore regions.]]

ExxonMobil is vertically integrated into a number of global operating divisions. These divisions are grouped into three categories for reference purposes, though the company also has several standalone divisions, such as Coal & Minerals. It also owns hundreds of smaller subsidiaries such as XTO Energy and SeaRiver Maritime. ExxonMobil also has a majority ownership stake in Imperial Oil.{{cite web|url=http://theenergychoices.blogspot.com/2017/04/exxonmobil-exxon-energy.html|title=Energy Choices: ExxonMobil – Exxon Energy|last=TopBlog|website=Energy Choices|language=id|access-date=April 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403025415/http://theenergychoices.blogspot.com/2017/04/exxonmobil-exxon-energy.html|archive-date=April 3, 2019|url-status=live}}

• Upstream (oil exploration, extraction, shipping, and wholesale operations)
• Product Solutions (downstream, chemical)
• Low Carbon Solutions {{Cite web |title=Business divisions |url=https://corporate.exxonmobil.com:443/About-us/Business-divisions |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=ExxonMobil |language=en}}

The upstream division makes up the majority of ExxonMobil's revenue, accounting for approximately 70% of it.{{cite web|url=https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/annual-report/financial-operating-highlights|title=Financial operations overview and highlights {{!}} ExxonMobil|website=ExxonMobil|access-date=October 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024231915/https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/annual-report/financial-operating-highlights|archive-date=October 24, 2018|url-status=live}} In 2021, ExxonMobil had about 30 billion barrels of oil and oil equivalents, as well as 38.1 billion cubic feet of natural gas.{{Cite web |title=ExxonMobil's proved reserves by product type 2021 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/281187/proved-reserves-of-exxon-mobil-by-product-type/ |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=Statista |language=en}}

In the United States, ExxonMobil's petroleum exploration and production activities are concentrated in the Permian Basin, Bakken Formation, Woodford Shale, Caney Shale, and the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, ExxonMobil has several gas developments in the regions of Marcellus Shale, Utica Shale, Haynesville Shale, Barnett Shale, and Fayetteville Shale. All natural gas activities are conducted by its subsidiary, XTO Energy. As of December 31, 2014, ExxonMobil owned {{convert|14.6|e6acre}} in the United States, of which {{convert|1.7|e6acre}} were offshore, {{convert|1.5|e6acre}} of which were in the Gulf of Mexico. In California, it has a joint venture called Aera Energy LLC with Shell Oil. In Canada, the company holds {{convert|5.4|e6acre}}, including {{convert|1|e6acre}} offshore and {{convert|0.7|e6acre}} of the Kearl Oil Sands Project.

In Argentina, ExxonMobil holds {{convert|0.9|e6acre}} and {{convert|4.9|e6acre}} in Germany. In the Netherlands ExxonMobil owns {{convert|1.5|e6acre}}, in Norway it owns {{convert|0.4|e6acre}} offshore, and the United Kingdom {{convert|0.6|e6acre}} offshore. In Africa, upstream operations are concentrated in Angola, where it owns {{convert|0.4|e6acre}} offshore, Chad where it owns {{convert|46000|acre}}, Equatorial Guinea, where it owns {{convert|0.1|e6acre}} offshore, and Nigeria, where it owns {{convert|0.8|e6acre}} offshore. In addition, ExxonMobil plans to start exploration activities off the coast of Liberia and the Ivory Coast.{{cite news

| url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/liberia-oil-idUKL8N1376WU20151113

| title = Exxon Mobil to drill offshore post-Ebola Liberia

| first = Alphonso

| last = Toweh

| work = Reuters

| date = November 13, 2015

| access-date = January 9, 2016

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160126054019/http://uk.reuters.com/article/liberia-oil-idUKL8N1376WU20151113

| archive-date = January 26, 2016

| url-status = dead

}}{{cite news

| url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/ivorycoast-oil-exxon-mobil-idUKL6N0U127A20141217

| title = Ivory Coast signs deals with ExxonMobil for two oil blocks

| first = Joe

| last = Bavier

| work = Reuters

| date = December 17, 2014

| access-date = January 9, 2016

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160126032219/http://uk.reuters.com/article/ivorycoast-oil-exxon-mobil-idUKL6N0U127A20141217

| archive-date = January 26, 2016

| url-status = dead

}} In the past, ExxonMobil had exploration activities in Madagascar, however these operations were ended due to unsatisfactory results.{{cite news

| url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/madagascar-exploration-idUKL8N0ZJ2DM20150704

| title = Exxon Mobil ends oil exploration in Madagascar after poor finds -minister

| first = Lovasoa

| last = Rabary

| work = Reuters

| date = July 4, 2015

| access-date = January 9, 2016

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160126063807/http://uk.reuters.com/article/madagascar-exploration-idUKL8N0ZJ2DM20150704

| archive-date = January 26, 2016

| url-status = dead

}}

In Asia, it holds {{convert|9000|acre}} in Azerbaijan, {{convert|1.7|e6acre}} in Indonesia, of which {{convert|1.3|e6acre}} are offshore, {{convert|0.7|e6acre}} in Iraq, {{convert|0.3|e6acre}} in Kazakhstan, {{convert|0.2|e6acre}} in Malaysia, {{convert|65000|acre}} in Qatar, {{convert|10000|acre}} in Yemen, {{convert|21000|acre}} in Thailand, and {{convert|81000|acre}} in the United Arab Emirates.

ExxonMobil exited the West Qurna 1 oilfield in January 2024, officially ending all energy sector operations in Iraq. The share is now owned by PetroChina and Pertamina.{{Cite web |date=January 1, 2024 |title=ExxonMobil hands over operations at West Qurna 1 oilfield to PetroChina |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/exxonmobil-hands-over-operations-west-qurna-1-oilfield-petrochina-2024-01-01/ |access-date=November 22, 2024 |website=Reuters}}{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Shivam |date=January 2, 2024 |title=ExxonMobil transfers West Qurna 1 oilfield in Iraq to PetroChina |url=https://www.offshore-technology.com/news/exxonmobil-west-qurna-1-oilfield/ |access-date=November 22, 2024 |website=Offshore Technology |language=en-US}}

In March 2024, ExxonMobil discovered oil at the Stabroek block off the coast of Guyana using a drillship. By the end of 2027, it plans to have 6 FPSOs at the block.{{Cite web |last=Čavčić |first=Melisa |date=March 20, 2024 |title=ExxonMobil strikes oil offshore Guyana with Stena drillship |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/exxonmobil-strikes-oil-offshore-guyana-with-stena-drillship/ |access-date=November 22, 2024 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US}} Oil was discovered off the coast of Angola in May 2024 in a well drilled from February to April in the Kizomba B development area.{{Cite web |last=Čavčić |first=Melisa |date=May 15, 2024 |title=ExxonMobil hits oil offshore Angola and takes steps to search for more hydrocarbons |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/exxonmobil-hits-oil-offshore-angola-and-takes-steps-to-search-for-more-hydrocarbons/ |access-date=November 22, 2024 |website=Offshore Energy |language=en-US}}

Until the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, ExxonMobil held {{convert|85000|acre}} in the Sakhalin-I project through its subsidiary Exxon Neftegas. Together with Rosneft, it has developed {{convert|63.6|e6acre}} in Russia, including the East-Prinovozemelsky field. After Russia's 2022 invasion began, though, ExxonMobil announced it was fully pulling out of both Russia and Sakhalin-I, and launched a lawsuit against Russia's federal government on August 30.{{Cite news |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Exxon escalates dispute with Russia over barred exit from oil project – WSJ |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/exxon-escalates-dispute-with-russia-over-barred-exit-oil-project-wsj-2022-08-30/ |access-date=August 31, 2022 |work=Reuters |language=en}}

In Australia, ExxonMobil held {{convert|1.7|e6acre}}, including {{convert|1.6|e6acre}} offshore. It also operates the Longford Gas Conditioning Plant, and participates in the development of Gorgon LNG project.

In Papua New Guinea, it holds {{convert|1.1|e6acre}}, including the PNG Gas project.{{cite web

| url = http://uk.reuters.com/business/quotes/companyProfile?symbol=XOM

| title = Exxon Mobil Corp (XOM)

| publisher = Reuters

| access-date = January 9, 2016

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160109185241/http://uk.reuters.com/business/quotes/companyProfile?symbol=XOM

| archive-date = January 9, 2016

| url-status = dead

}}

File:An ExxonMobil gas station in Hiawassee, Georgia.jpg]]

ExxonMobil formed its Product Solutions division in 2022, combining its previously separate Downstream and Chemical divisions into a single company.{{Cite news |last=Valle |first=Sabrina |date=February 1, 2022 |title=Exxon unveils sweeping restructuring in latest cost cutting move |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/exxon-unveils-sweeping-restructuring-latest-cost-cutting-move-2022-01-31/ |access-date=August 31, 2022}}

On October 1, 2024, Nigeria approved the $1.28 billion sale of Exxon Mobil's onshore assets to Seplat Energy, more than two years after the deal was first agreed upon in February 2022{{Cite web |date=October 21, 2024 |title=Nigeria approves Exxon-Seplat deal after more than two years |website=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/nigeria-approves-exxon-seplat-128-billion-deal-oil-regulator-says-2024-10-21/}}

ExxonMobil markets products around the world under the brands of Exxon, Mobil, and Esso. Mobil is ExxonMobil's primary retail gasoline brand in California, Florida, New York, New England, the Great Lakes, and the Midwest. Exxon is the primary brand in the rest of the United States, with the highest concentration of retail outlets located in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Texas (shared with Mobil), and in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern states. ExxonMobil has stations in 46 states, just behind Shell USA and ahead of Phillips 66, lacking a presence only in Alaska, Hawaii, Iowa, and Kansas.{{cite AV media|url=https://www.scrapehero.com/store/wp-content/uploads/maps/Exxon_Mobil_USA.png|title=Exxon Mobil gas station locations in the USA|website=Scrape Hero|format=PNG|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119183359/https://www.scrapehero.com/store/wp-content/uploads/maps/Exxon_Mobil_USA.png|archive-date=November 19, 2021}}

Outside of the United States, Esso and Mobil are primarily used, with Esso operating in 14 countries and Mobil operating in 29 countries and regions.{{Cite web |title=Our global brands |url=https://corporate.exxonmobil.com:443/About-us/Brands |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=ExxonMobil |language=en}}

In Japan, ExxonMobil had a 22% stake in TonenGeneral Sekiyu K.K., a refining company that merged into Eneos in 2017.{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-01-04/tonengeneral-slumps-most-in-9-years-after-report-of-exxon-sale |title=Exxon in Talks to Restructure Stake in Japan Refining Unit |website=Bloomberg News |date=January 5, 2012 |access-date=March 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124205721/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-01-04/tonengeneral-slumps-most-in-9-years-after-report-of-exxon-sale |archive-date=January 24, 2016 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-01-04/tonengeneral-slumps-most-in-9-years-after-report-of-exxon-sale |title=TonenGeneral to Buy Exxon Japan Refining, Marketing Unit for $3.9 Billion |access-date=January 30, 2012 |work=Bloomberg |first1=Yuji |last1=Okada |first2=Jacob |last2=Adelman |date=January 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124205721/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-01-04/tonengeneral-slumps-most-in-9-years-after-report-of-exxon-sale |archive-date=January 24, 2016 |url-status=live }}

ExxonMobil's primary retail brands worldwide are Exxon, Esso, Mobil, with the former being used exclusively in the United States and the latter two being used in most other countries where ExxonMobil operates. Esso is the only one of its brands not used widely in the United States. Since 2008, Mobil is the only brand for the company lubricants. Since 2018, ExxonMobil has operated a loyalty program, ExxonMobil Rewards+, where customers earn rewards points when filling up at its stations in the United States and later the United Kingdom.{{Cite web |title=ExxonMobil launches new Exxon Mobil rewards loyalty program |url=https://corporate.exxonmobil.com:443/news/newsroom/news-releases/2018/0711_exxonmobil-launches-new-exxon-mobil-rewards-loyalty-program |access-date=October 5, 2022 |website=ExxonMobil |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Trina |title=These 5 gas rewards programs that can save you money at the pump |url=https://www.cnbc.com/select/gas-rewards-programs-that-can-save-you-money/ |access-date=October 5, 2022 |website=CNBC |date=October 5, 2022 |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Esso and Nectar to launch new loyalty partnership {{!}} ExxonMobil United Kingdom |url=https://www.exxonmobil.co.uk:443/news/newsroom/uk-news-releases/2018/1116_esso-and-nectar-to-launch-new-loyalty-partnership |access-date=October 5, 2022 |website=ExxonMobil |language=en}}

File:ExxonMobil_Chemical_-_Logo.svg

ExxonMobil Chemical is a petrochemical company that was created by merging Exxon's and Mobil's chemical industries in 1999. Its principal products include basic olefins and aromatics, ethylene glycol, polyethylene, and polypropylene along with speciality lines such as elastomers, plasticizers, solvents, process fluids, oxo alcohols and adhesive resins. The company also produces synthetic lubricant base stocks as well as lubricant additives, propylene packaging films and catalysts. ExxonMobil is the largest producer of butyl rubber.{{cite web|title=ExxonMobil chemicals: petrochemicals since 1886|url=http://exxonmobil.com/Benelux-English/about_who_history_chemical.aspx|publisher=ExxonMobil.com|access-date=January 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124205722/http://exxonmobil.com/Benelux-English/about_who_history_chemical.aspx|archive-date=January 24, 2016|url-status=live}} Infineum, a joint venture with Shell plc, is manufacturing and marketing crankcase lubricant additives, fuel additives, and specialty lubricant additives, as well as automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, and industrial oils.{{cite web|url=http://www.infineum.com|title=Infineum|access-date=September 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925065945/http://www.infineum.com/|archive-date=September 25, 2015|url-status=live}}

{{Main|Mobil 1}}

Mobil 1, a brand of synthetic motor oil, is a major sponsor of multiple racing teams and as the official motor oil of NASCAR since 2003.{{Cite web |title=NASCAR engines use Mobil 1 |url=https://www.mobil.com/en/lubricants/about-us/mobil-1/who-depends-on-mobil-1-motor-oil/nascar-engines-use-mobil-1 |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Mobil}} ExxonMobil is currently in partnerships with Oracle Red Bull Racing in Formula One and Kalitta Motorsports.{{Cite web |title=Formula One – The Mobil 1/Red Bull Racing partnership |url=https://www.mobil.com/en/lubricants/about-us/mobil-1/mobil-1-racing-and-motorsports/grand-prix-racing/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Mobil}}{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2019 |title=Mobil 1 Returns to NHRA Racing With Multi-Year Sponsorship of Toyota Racing Development and Kalitta Motorsports |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191212005830/en/Mobil-1%E2%84%A2-Returns-to-NHRA-Racing-With-Multi-Year-Sponsorship-of-Toyota-Racing-Development-and-Kalitta-Motorsports |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Business Wire}}{{Cite news |last=Sam |date=February 14, 2011 |title=McLaren extends Mobil 1 partnership |url=https://www.racecar-engineering.com/news/industry/mclaren-extend-mobil-1-partnership/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Racecar Engineering}}

ExxonMobil operates 21 refineries worldwide, and the company claims 80% of its refining capacity is integrated with chemical or lube basestocks. ExxonMobil's largest refinery overall is its Beaumont Refinery and its second largest in the United States is its Baytown Refinery, located in Baytown, Texas. Its second largest refinery overall is its Jurong Island facility in Singapore. ExxonMobil's global average refining capacity was 4.6 million barrels per day, with the United States producing a plurality of the company's refining capacity at about 1.77 million barrels per day. ExxonMobil's corporate website claims it refines almost 5 million barrels per day.{{Cite web |title=A look inside Downstream |url=https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/About-us/Business-divisions/Downstream/A-look-inside-Downstream |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=ExxonMobil |language=en |archive-date=August 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831072353/https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/About-us/Business-divisions/Downstream/A-look-inside-Downstream |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |title=ExxonMobil refining capacity by region 2021 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/281188/refining-capacity-of-exxon-mobil-by-region/ |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=Statista |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=January 4, 2022 |title=4 of Nation's 10 Largest Oil Refineries Located Along Texas Gulf Coast |url=https://www.zehllaw.com/4-of-10-largest-us-oil-chemical-refineries-located-in-houston-beaumont-port-arthur/ |access-date=September 2, 2022 |website=Zehl & Associates |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=admin |title=World's Largest Refineries {{!}} Oilandgasclub.com |date=September 2021 |url=https://www.oilandgasclub.com/worlds-largest-refineries/ |access-date=September 2, 2022 |language=en-US}}

ExxonMobil was one of few U.S. refiners to expand capacity by a significant margin following an industry downturn suffered during the COVID-19 pandemic.{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2022 |title=US refiners invest sparingly in new capacity {{!}} Argus Media |url=https://www.argusmedia.com/en//news/2335445-us-refiners-invest-sparingly-in-new-capacity |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=www.argusmedia.com |language=en}} The company completed a 250,000 barrels per day expansion at its Beaumont, Texas, refinery in early 2023.{{Cite web |title=ExxonMobil boosts fuel supply with $2 billion Beaumont refinery expansion |url=https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/news/news-releases/2023/0316_exxonmobil-boosts-fuel-supply-with-2-billion-dollar-beaumont-refinery-expansion |access-date=November 1, 2023 |website=ExxonMobil |language=en}}

{{Anchor|low carbon}}

Officially formed with ExxonMobil's 2022 corporate restructuring, and currently led by former General Motors president Dan Ammann, Low Carbon Solutions is the company's alternative energy division. The division says it will lower emissions in hard-to-decarbonize sectors such as heavy industry, commercial transportation, and power generation using a combination of lower-emission fuels, hydrogen, and carbon capture and storage. Low Carbon Solutions conducts research on clean energy technologies, including algae biofuels, biodiesel made from agricultural waste, carbonate fuel cells, and refining crude oil into plastic by using a membrane and osmosis instead of heat.{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-03/exxon-is-spending-1-billion-a-year-to-research-green-energy | title=Exxon Quietly Researching Hundreds of Green Projects | access-date=March 18, 2018 | work=Bloomberg | first1=Anna | last1=Hirtenstein | date=November 3, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318173236/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-03/exxon-is-spending-1-billion-a-year-to-research-green-energy | archive-date=March 18, 2018 | url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=February 2, 2022 |title=ExxonMobil restructuring with low-carbon solutions at forefront |url=https://www.environmentalleader.com/2022/02/exxonmobil-announces-restructuring-emphasizes-low-carbon-solutions/ |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=Environment + Energy Leader |language=en-US |last1=Tannenbaum |first1=Austin }} The company speculated in April 2023 that pending good economic conditions, the low-carbon solutions business could eclipse the value of its oil and gas operations.{{Cite news |last=Jacobs |first=Justin |date=April 4, 2023 |title=ExxonMobil says low-carbon business could one day eclipse oil and gas |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/8cb77179-cad4-437c-a20f-c8d273131284 |access-date=September 21, 2023}}

{{As of|2023}}, the company was in the process of designing its inaugural large-scale plant dedicated to producing low-carbon hydrogen, situated within its refining and petrochemical complex in Baytown, Texas. This project is set to become the world's largest low-carbon hydrogen project.{{Cite web |date=August 14, 2023 |title=ExxonMobil's low-carbon hydrogen plant to be world's biggest |url=https://energydigital.com/articles/exxonmobils-low-carbon-hydrogen-plant-to-be-worlds-biggest |access-date=August 14, 2023 |website=energydigital.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=West |first=Terence |date=August 14, 2023 |title=The Largest Low-Carbon Hydrogen Project in the World |url=https://www.energyportal.eu/news/exxonmobils-low-carbon-hydrogen-plant-to-be-worlds-biggest/158614/ |access-date=August 14, 2023 |website=EnergyPortal.eu |language=en-US}}

ExxonMobil publicly announced it would be investing $15 billion in what it deemed a "lower carbon future", and claims to be the world leader in carbon capture and storage (CCS). The company additionally plans that its Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions will be carbon neutral by 2050. ExxonMobil additionally acquired biofuel company Biojet AS in 2022, and its Canadian subsidiary Imperial Oil is moving ahead with plans to produce a renewable diesel biofuel.{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2022 |title=ExxonMobil Acquires Large Stake in Biofuel Company Biojet AS |url=https://www.environmentalleader.com/2022/01/exxonmobil-expands-interest-in-biofuels-acquires-large-stake-in-biojet-as/ |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=Environment + Energy Leader |language=en-US |last1=Holbrook |first1=Emily }}{{Cite web |title=Why we're investing $15 billion in a lower-carbon future |url=https://corporate.exxonmobil.com:443/News/Newsroom/News-releases/2021/1109_Why-we-are-investing-15-billion-in-a-lower-carbon-future |access-date=August 31, 2022 |website=ExxonMobil |language=en}} In July 2023, Exxon agreed to acquire Denbury Resources for $4.9 billion to further its low-carbon efforts.{{cite news |date=July 13, 2023 |title=Exxon Mobil buys Denbury, pipeline company with carbon capture expertise, for $5 billion |publisher=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/exxon-mobil-denbury-carbon-capture-acquisition-e88462a294693e4139b24d6030ac3c2d}} In July 2024, ExxonMobil and CF Industries signed a CCS agreement that will allow ExxonMobil to transport and permanently store 500,000 tonnes of CO2 per year starting in 2028.{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Shivam |date=July 26, 2024 |title=ExxonMobil signs CO2 capture and storage deal with CF Industries |url=https://www.offshore-technology.com/news/exxonmobil-cf-industries-ccs-deal/ |access-date=November 22, 2024 |website=Offshore Technology |language=en-US}}

Exxon is working on low-carbon energy projects, focusing on basic research in five to ten key areas. This work spends a fraction of the $1 billion a year Exxon spends on research worldwide and the $8 billion it has spent since 2000 researching, developing and deploying low-carbon technologies Projects include: algae biofuels, biodiesel from agricultural waste, molten carbonate fuel cells,

and new ways to manufacture plastic that produce less carbon dioxide.{{Cite news|language=en|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-03/exxon-is-spending-1-billion-a-year-to-research-green-energy|title=Exxon Quietly Researching Hundreds of Green Projects|website=Bloomberg|date=November 3, 2017 |access-date=January 29, 2024}}

In November 2023 ExxonMobil started drilling for lithium in the US State of Arkansas. In June 2024, a preliminary agreement to supply lithium to SK for the manufacture of lithium-ion batteries that will power electric vehicles was signed.

{{Cite news |title=Why big oil is wading into lithium |url=https://www.economist.com/business/2024/06/27/why-big-oil-is-wading-into-lithium |access-date=June 30, 2024 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}

{{Main|Criticism of ExxonMobil}}

File:Extinction Rebellion - Dont frack with us (48876504111).jpg protestors demonstrating against ExxonMobil]]

{{Further|ExxonMobil climate change denial}}

ExxonMobil's environmental record has faced much criticism for its stance{{Cite web |date=January 25, 2022 |title=Irving-based ExxonMobil pledges to go net-zero by 2050 |url=https://www.axios.com/local/dallas/2022/01/25/exxonmobil-pledges-net-zero-2050}} and impact on global warming.{{cite web |title=Big US Pension Fund Joins Critics Of ExxonMobil Climate Stance |url=http://www.energy-daily.com/reports/Big_US_Pension_Fund_Joins_Critics_Of_ExxonMobil_Climate_Stance_999.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726105227/http://www.energy-daily.com/reports/Big_US_Pension_Fund_Joins_Critics_Of_ExxonMobil_Climate_Stance_999.html |archive-date=July 26, 2011 |access-date=July 11, 2011 |publisher=Energy-daily.com}} In 2018, the Political Economy Research Institute ranks ExxonMobil tenth among American corporations emitting airborne pollutants,{{cite web |date=October 26, 2016 |title=Toxic 100 Air Polluters Index (2018 Report, Based on 2015 Data) |url=https://www.peri.umass.edu/toxic-100-air-polluters-index-2018-report-based-on-2015-data |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230550/https://www.peri.umass.edu/toxic-100-air-polluters-index-2018-report-based-on-2015-data |archive-date=December 20, 2018 |access-date=December 20, 2018 |publisher=Political Economy Research Institute}} thirteenth by emitting greenhouse gases.{{cite web |date=April 21, 2015 |title=Greenhouse 100 Polluters Index (2018 Report, Based on 2015 Data) |url=https://www.peri.umass.edu/greenhouse-100-polluters-index-2018-report-based-on-2015-data |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230900/https://www.peri.umass.edu/greenhouse-100-polluters-index-2018-report-based-on-2015-data |archive-date=December 20, 2018 |access-date=December 20, 2018 |publisher=Political Economy Research Institute}} A 2017 report places ExxonMobil as the fifth largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions from 1988 to 2015.{{Cite news |last=Riley |first=Tess |date=July 10, 2017 |title=Just 100 companies responsible for 71% of global emissions, study says |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/jul/10/100-fossil-fuel-companies-investors-responsible-71-global-emissions-cdp-study-climate-change |access-date=May 6, 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}{{cite web |title=New report shows just 100 companies are source of over 70% of emissions – CDP |url=https://www.cdp.net/en/articles/media/new-report-shows-just-100-companies-are-source-of-over-70-of-emissions |access-date=May 6, 2020 |website=www.cdp.net}} {{As of|2005}}, ExxonMobil had committed less than 1% of their profits towards researching alternative energy,{{cite news |last=Mufson |first=Steven |date=April 2, 2008 |title=Familiar Back and Forth With Oil Executives |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/01/AR2008040100157.html?hpid=topnews |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111113323/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/01/AR2008040100157.html?hpid=topnews |archive-date=November 11, 2012 |access-date=July 11, 2011 |newspaper=The Washington Post}} which, according to the advocacy organization Ceres, is less than other leading oil companies.{{cite web |title=ERES: ExxonMobil Shareholders Relying on Fumes |url=http://www.heatisonline.org/contentserver/objecthandlers/index.cfm?ID=5946&Method=Full&PageCall=&Title=CERES%3A%20ExxonMobil%20Shareholders%20Relying%20on%20Fumes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721015844/http://www.heatisonline.org/contentserver/objecthandlers/index.cfm?ID=5946&Method=Full&PageCall=&Title=CERES:%20ExxonMobil%20Shareholders%20Relying%20on%20Fumes |archive-date=July 21, 2011 |access-date=July 11, 2011 |publisher=Heatisonline.org}}{{update inline|date=December 2018}} According to the 2021 Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index (AERI), ExxonMobil is ranked as the sixth most environmentally responsible company among 120 oil, gas, and mining companies involved in resource extraction north of the Arctic Circle.{{Cite journal |last1=Overland |first1=Indra |last2=Bourmistrov |first2=Anatoli |last3=Dale |first3=Brigt |last4=Irlbacher-Fox |first4=Stephanie |last5=Juraev |first5=Javlon |last6=Podgaiskii |first6=Eduard |last7=Stammler |first7=Florian |last8=Tsani |first8=Stella |last9=Vakulchuk |first9=Roman |last10=Wilson |first10=Emma C. |date=May 2021 |title=The Arctic Environmental Responsibility Index : A method to rank heterogenous extractive industry companies for governance purposes |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bse.2698 |journal=Business Strategy and the Environment |language=en |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=1623–1643 |doi=10.1002/bse.2698 |bibcode=2021BSEnv..30.1623O |issn=0964-4733 |s2cid=233618866 |hdl-access=free |hdl=11250/2833568}} As of 2020, ExxonMobil has been responsible for more than 3,000 oil spills and leakages which resulted in a loss of more than one barrel of oil, with the most in a single year being 484 spills in 2011.{{Cite web |title=ExxonMobil's number of spills worldwide 2020 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/531336/number-of-oil-chemical-and-drilling-fluid-spilled-by-exxon-mobil/ |access-date=December 5, 2022 |website=Statista |language=en}} Additionally, since 1965, ExxonMobil has released more than 40 billion tons of carbon dioxide pollution.{{Cite web |title=ExxonMobil GHG emissions worldwide 2020 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/531354/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-exxon-mobil-worldwide/ |access-date=December 5, 2022 |website=Statista |language=en}}

In 2023, Science journal published a paper reporting that the global warming projections and models created by ExxonMobil's own scientists between 1977 and 2003 had "accurately" projected and "skillfully" modeled global warming due to fossil fuel burning, and had reasonably estimated how much {{CO2}} would lead to dangerous warming. The authors of the paper concluded: "Yet, whereas academic and government scientists worked to communicate what they knew to the public, ExxonMobil worked to deny it."{{Cite journal |last1=Supran |first1=G. |last2=Rahmstorf |first2=S. |last3=Oreskes |first3=N. |date=January 13, 2023 |title=Assessing ExxonMobil's global warming projections |journal=Science |language=en |volume=379 |issue=6628 |pages=eabk0063 |bibcode=2023Sci...379.0063S |doi=10.1126/science.abk0063 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=36634176 |s2cid=255749694 |doi-access=free}}{{Cite web |last=Milman |first=Oliver |title=Revealed: Exxon made "breathtakingly" accurate climate predictions in 1970s and '80s |url=https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2023/01/revealed-exxon-made-breathtakingly-accurate-climate-predictions-in-1970s-and-80s/ |access-date=January 19, 2023 |website=Mother Jones |language=en-US}}

Between the 1980s and 2014, ExxonMobil was a notable denier of climate change, though the company officially changed its position in 2014 to acknowledge the existence of climate change. ExxonMobil's prolonged response incited the creation of the Exxon Knew movement, which aims to hold the company accountable for various climate-related incidents. ExxonMobil has used its own website to attack Exxon Knew, claiming that it is a coordinated effort to defame the company.{{Cite news |last=Schwartz |first=John |date=May 23, 2016 |title=Public Campaign Against Exxon Has Roots in a 2012 Meeting |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/24/science/public-campaign-against-exxon-has-roots-in-a-2012-meeting.html |access-date=October 31, 2022 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite web |date=July 8, 2015 |title=Exxon knew of climate change in 1981, email says – but it funded deniers for 27 more years |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jul/08/exxon-climate-change-1981-climate-denier-funding |access-date=October 31, 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Ivan Penn Ivan Penn is a former staff writer for the Los Angeles |date=January 20, 2016 |title=California to investigate whether Exxon Mobil lied about climate-change risks |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-exxon-global-warming-20160120-story.html |access-date=October 31, 2022 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}

In December 2022, U.S. House Oversight and Reform Committee Chair Carolyn Maloney and U.S. House Oversight Environment Subcommittee Chair Ro Khanna sent a memorandum to all House Oversight and Reform Committee members summarizing additional findings from the committee's investigation into the fossil fuel industry disinformation campaign to obscure the role of fossil fuels in causing global warming. Upon reviewing internal company documents, they accused ExxonMobil along with BP, Chevron, and Shell of greenwashing their Paris Agreement carbon neutrality pledges while continuing long-term investment in fossil fuel production and sales, for engaging in a campaign to promote the use of natural gas as a clean energy source and bridge fuel to renewable energy, and of intimidating journalists reporting about the companies' climate actions and of obstructing the committee's investigation, which ExxonMobil, Shell, and the American Petroleum Institute denied.{{cite news |last=Clifford |first=Catherine |date=December 9, 2022 |title=Democratic lawmakers accuse big oil companies of 'greenwashing' |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/09/democratic-lawmakers-accuse-big-oil-of-greenwashing.html |access-date=December 10, 2022 |publisher=CNBC}}{{cite report |url=https://oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/2022-12-09.COR_Supplemental_Memo-Fossil_Fuel_Industry_Disinformation.pdf |title=MEMORANDUM – Re: Investigation of Fossil Fuel Industry Disinformation |last1=Maloney |first1=Carolyn |last2=Khanna |first2=Ro |date=December 9, 2022 |publisher=U.S. House Oversight and Reform Committee |access-date=December 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228070207/https://oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/2022-12-09.COR_Supplemental_Memo-Fossil_Fuel_Industry_Disinformation.pdf |archive-date=December 28, 2022 |url-status=dead}}{{cite episode |title=The Power of Big Oil |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/the-power-of-big-oil/ |access-date=July 8, 2022 |series=FRONTLINE |series-link=Frontline (American TV program) |network=PBS |station=WGBH |season=40 |number=10–12 |title-link=The Power of Big Oil}}

In the United States, as of 2024, dozens of states and localities have sued ExxonMobil on the base of its climate change denial.

File:OilCleanupAfterValdezSpill.jpg cleanup]]

ExxonMobil's operations have been subject to numerous oil spills both before and after the 1999 merger. The most widely publicized oil spill was the 1989 Valdez oil spill, where an Exxon tanker discharged approximately 11 million U.S. gallons (42,000 m3) of oil into Prince William Sound,{{cite web |title=Frequently asked questions about the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill |url=http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/History/FAQ.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925163639/http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/History/FAQ.htm |archive-date=September 25, 2006 |access-date=March 6, 2007 |publisher=State of Alaska's Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee}} oiling {{convert|1300|mi|km}} of the remote Alaskan coastline. The spill remains the second largest in American history, only trailing BP's Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico.{{Cite magazine |last=Leahy |first=Stephen |date=March 22, 2019 |title=Exxon Valdez changed the oil industry forever – but new threats emerge |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/03/oil-spills-30-years-after-exxon-valdez/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325185337/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/03/oil%2Dspills%2D30%2Dyears%2Dafter%2Dexxon%2Dvaldez/ |archive-date=March 25, 2019 |access-date=October 25, 2019 |magazine=National Geographic}}

ExxonMobil was also responsible for various other oil spills across the world. Some of Exxon's largest and most notable oil spills in the United States include long-lasting oil leaks totaling into an estimated 30 million gallon spill into New York City's Newtown Creek over the course of a century by Exxon and other Standard Oil predecessors,{{cite web |date=July 7, 2007 |title=Cuomo sues ExxonMobil over catastrophic Greenpoint oil spill |url=http://www.ag.ny.gov/press-release/cuomo-sues-exxonmobil-over-catastrophic-greenpoint-oil-spill |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215235849/http://www.ag.ny.gov/press-release/cuomo-sues-exxonmobil-over-catastrophic-greenpoint-oil-spill |archive-date=February 15, 2013 |access-date=October 24, 2007}} a 2011 oil spill which leaked 1,500 barrels of oil into the Yellowstone River (resulting in about $135 million in damages),{{cite web |date=October 30, 2012 |title=ExxonMobil Silvertip Pipeline Crude Oil Release into the Yellowstone River in Laurel, MT on 7/1/2011 |url=http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/Other%20files/ExxonMobil_HL_MT_10-2012.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617150913/http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Files/Other%20files/ExxonMobil_HL_MT_10-2012.pdf |archive-date=June 17, 2013 |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation}} and a 2012 1,900 barrel (80,000 gallon) spill from the company's Baton Rouge Refinery in the rivers of Point Coupee Parish, Louisiana.{{cite web |date=April 30, 2012 |title=Exxon Mobil shuts Louisiana oil pipeline after leak |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-exxon-spill-idUSBRE83T0K120120430 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322133208/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-exxon-spill-idUSBRE83T0K120120430 |archive-date=March 22, 2019 |access-date=March 22, 2019 |website=Reuters.com}} ExxonMobil's actives in Louisiana in particular, especially its Baton Rouge Refinery, have given the area the nickname of Cancer Alley. The company's activities, along with other operations and refineries in the area, have been the source of increased cancer infections, lower air quality, and as seen by some, potential environmental racism committed by the company.{{Cite thesis |title=Incremental Landscape at a Baton Rouge Oil Refinery: Temporal Framework for Phytoremediation in Louisiana Cancer Alley |publisher=Louisiana State University Libraries |first=DaHyung |last=Yang |year=2018 |doi=10.31390/gradschool_theses.4704 |doi-access=free}}{{Cite web |last=Pasley |first=James |title=Inside Louisiana's horrifying 'Cancer Alley,' an 85-mile stretch of pollution and environmental racism that's now dealing with some of the highest coronavirus death rates in the country |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/louisiana-cancer-alley-photos-oil-refineries-chemicals-pollution-2019-11 |access-date=November 16, 2022 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}

In May 2021, ExxonMobil topped the Plastic Waste Makers Index report published by the Minderoo Foundation of 20 petrochemical companies that manufactured 55 percent of the single-use plastic waste in the world in 2019 (which were part of a larger group of 100 petrochemical companies that manufactured 90 percent of the waste),{{cite news |last=Meredith |first=Sam |date=May 18, 2021 |title=Just 20 companies are responsible for over half of 'throwaway' plastic waste, study says |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/18/20-companies-responsible-for-55percent-of-single-use-plastic-waste-study.html |access-date=December 18, 2022 |publisher=CNBC}}{{cite report |url=https://cdn.minderoo.org/content/uploads/2021/05/27094234/20211105-Plastic-Waste-Makers-Index.pdf |title=The Plastic Waste Makers Index: Revealing the Source of the Single-Use Plastics Crisis |publisher=Minderoo Foundation |access-date=December 18, 2022 |year=2021}} while in April 2022, California Attorney General Rob Bonta issued a subpoena to ExxonMobil for information related to the company's role in overstating the effectiveness of plastic recycling in reducing plastic pollution as part of an industry campaign to promote plastic usage.{{cite news |last=Newburger |first=Emma |date=April 28, 2022 |title=California subpoenas Exxon for details on role in global plastic pollution |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/28/california-subpoenas-exxon-for-details-on-role-in-plastic-pollution.html |access-date=December 18, 2022 |publisher=CNBC}}{{cite episode |title=Plastic Wars |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/plastic-wars/ |access-date=July 10, 2022 |series=FRONTLINE |series-link=Frontline (American TV program) |network=PBS |station=WGBH |date=March 31, 2020 |season=38 |number=15}}{{cite news |last=Westervelt |first=Amy |author-link=Amy Westervelt |date=May 11, 2022 |title=Exxon doubles down on 'advanced recycling' claims that yield few results |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/11/exxon-advanced-recycling-plastic-pollution-investigation |access-date=December 18, 2022 |work=The Guardian}} On September 23, 2024, California Attorney General Rob Bonta filed a lawsuit in San Francisco County Superior Court against ExxonMobil on behalf of the state of California, alleging that the company carried out a "decades-long campaign of deception" and misled the public on the merits of plastic recycling; in response ExxonMobil said that California has an ineffective recycling system that officials have known about for decades.{{Cite web |last=Dewan |first=Angela |date=September 23, 2024 |title=California sues ExxonMobil for alleged decades of deception around plastic recycling, in first-of-a-kind lawsuit |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/23/climate/california-sues-exxonmobil-plastic-recycling/index.html |access-date=September 23, 2024 |website=CNN |language=en}}

{{See also|Conflict in the Niger Delta}}

File:Rex Tillerson shakes hands with Deputy Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud, May 2017.jpg as Secretary of State, with Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, May 2017]]

ExxonMobil has also been accused of human rights violations and abusing its geopolitical influence. In the book Private Empire by Steve Coll, ExxonMobil is described as extremely powerful "corporate state within the American state" in dealing with the countries in which it drills, going to the point as describing such countries' governments as "constrained".{{Cite book |last=Coll |first=Steve |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/757470242 |title=Private empire : ExxonMobil and American power |date=2012 |publisher=Penguin Press |isbn=978-1-59420-335-0 |location=New York |oclc=757470242}} The company's corporate ancestors are also blamed for the outbreak of the 1954 Jebel Akhdar War, which was sparked by the Iraq Petroleum Company's activities.{{cite news |date=August 11, 2012 |title=Oozing success |url=http://www.economist.com/node/21560226 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404133003/http://www.economist.com/node/21560226 |archive-date=April 4, 2015 |access-date=March 19, 2015 |newspaper=The Economist}}{{cite web |title=Milestones: 1921–1936 – Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/red-line |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717191817/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/red-line |archive-date=July 17, 2019 |access-date=July 23, 2019 |website=history.state.gov}}

{{Main|Accusations of ExxonMobil human rights violations in Aceh}}

Beginning in the late 1980s, ExxonMobil (through predecessor Mobil) hired military units of the Indonesian National Army to provide security for their gas extraction and liquefaction project in Aceh, Indonesia, and these military units were accused of committing human rights violations, including sexual assault, battery and unlawful detention. ExxonMobil eventually pulled out from Indonesia completely in 2001, while denying any wrongdoing.{{Cite news |date=July 8, 2011 |title=Indonesia torture case vs Exxon Mobil revived |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-exxonmobil-indonesia-idUSTRE7676I120110708 |access-date=May 13, 2020 |work=Reuters |language=en}} Exxon attempted to have the case dismissed nine times, dragging the lawsuit out for over 20 years. In July 2022, a US District Court denied ExxonMobil's motions to dismiss the case, clearing the way for the lawsuit to go to trial, although no trial date was set. In 2023, ExxonMobile settled the case a week before trial.{{Cite web |title=Oil giant ExxonMobil settles long-running Indonesia torture case |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/16/oil-giant-exxonmobil-settles-long-running-indonesia-torture-case |access-date=August 31, 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}

During a 2022 surge in profits among ExxonMobil and other large oil companies, partly due to the war in Ukraine,{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Jake |date=April 29, 2022 |title={{-'}}Big Oil is intentionally profiteering from the war': Exxon profits double after Putin's invasion |url=https://www.salon.com/2022/04/29/big-oil-is-intentionally-profiteering-from-the-war-exxon-profits-double-after-putins-invasion_partner/ |work=Salon |access-date=October 10, 2024}}{{cite news |date=January 31, 2023 |title=Exxon Mobil reached record profits amid high gas prices, war in Ukraine |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/exxon-mobil-reached-record-profits-amid-high-gas-prices-war-in-ukraine |work=PBS NewsHour}} U.S. President Joe Biden criticized ExxonMobil. In June 2022, amid record oil prices, he said that "Exxon made more money than God this year".{{Cite web |last=Franck |first=Thomas |date=June 10, 2022 |title='Start investing': Biden jabs Exxon Mobil for high fuel costs in inflation speech |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/10/watch-live-joe-biden-speaks-about-inflation-after-may-cip-report.html |access-date=October 31, 2022 |website=CNBC |language=en}} When the oil giant reported its second quarter earnings in 2022, CNN reported that Exxon made US$2,245.62 per second in profit across the 92-day long second quarter.{{Cite web |last=Isidore |first=Chris |date=July 29, 2022 |title=$2,245.62 a second: ExxonMobil scores enormous profit on record gas prices {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/29/energy/exxonmobil-chevron-earnings/index.html |access-date=October 31, 2022 |website=CNN |language=en}}

In May 2024, a Pennsylvania jury found ExxonMobil liable for negligently failing to warn about the health risks of benzene, which is classified by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a known carcinogen, and ordered the company to pay $725.5 million in compensatory damages to a former mechanic, Paul Gill, who claimed that his cancer was caused by exposure to benzene in ExxonMobil's petroleum products while working at a Mobil gas station between 1975 and 1980.{{Cite web |last=Mindock |first=Clark |date=May 10, 2024 |title=Exxon hit with $725.5 million verdict over mechanic's leukemia diagnosis |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/exxon-hit-725-5-million-152804253.html |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240511043635/https://finance.yahoo.com/web/20240511043635/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/exxon-hit-725-5-million-152804253.html |archive-date=May 11, 2024 |access-date=May 25, 2024 |website=Yahoo! Finance |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last1=Alake |first1=Tope |last2=Bloomberg |date=May 10, 2024 |title=Philadelphia jury hits Exxon with $725.5 million verdict on mechanic's claim that he got cancer from benzene exposure |url=https://fortune.com/well/2024/05/10/exxon-verdict-725-5-million-philadelphia-cancer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240510212024/https://fortune.com/well/2024/05/10/exxon-verdict-725-5-million-philadelphia-cancer/ |archive-date=May 10, 2024 |access-date=May 25, 2024 |website=Fortune |language=en}}

{{Big Oil}}

According to Fortune Global 500, ExxonMobil was the second largest company, second largest publicly held corporation, and the largest oil company in the United States by 2017 revenue.{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/global500/|title=Fortune Global 500 List 2018|magazine=Fortune|access-date=March 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509014825/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2011/full_list/index.html|archive-date=May 9, 2012|url-status=live}} For the fiscal year 2020, ExxonMobil reported a loss of US$22.4 billion, with an annual revenue of US$181.5 billion, a decline of 31.5% over the previous fiscal cycle.

The key trends of ExxonMobil are (as at the financial year ending December 31):{{Cite web |title=Exxon Mobil Fundamentalanalyse {{!}} KGV {{!}} Kennzahlen |url=https://www.boerse.de/fundamental-analyse/Exxon-Mobil-Aktie/US30231G1022 |access-date=April 6, 2024 |website=boerse.de |language=de}}

As per Fortune 500 Global list, ExxonMobil has been ranked #7 company in the World.{{Cite web |title= Fortune 500|url=https://fortune.com/ranking/fortune500/}}

File:ExxonMobilDowntownHoustonTX.JPG. Former ExxonMobil offices in Downtown Houston were vacated in early 2015.]]

ExxonMobil's headquarters are located in the Spring, Texas area, a suburb of Houston. The ExxonMobil campus has a Spring post office address, and is adjacent to, but not in, the Spring census-designated place.{{cite web|url=https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/who-we-are/contact-us/directory|title=Directory|publisher=ExxonMobil|access-date=August 3, 2024|quote=Business headquarters 22777 Springwoods Village Parkway Spring, TX 77389-1425}}
Compare to: {{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/DC20BLK/st48_tx/place/p4869596_spring/DC20BLK_P4869596.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS – CENSUS BLOCK MAP (INDEX): Spring CDP, TX|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|page=1 (PDF p. 2/4)|access-date=August 3, 2024}} Paul Takahashi of the Houston Chronicle described the headquarters as being in Spring.{{cite news |last=Takahashi |first=Paul |date=January 31, 2022 |title=Exxon to move headquarters to Houston, from Dallas-area Irving |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/energy/article/Irving-based-Exxon-to-move-headquarters-to-Houston-16819300.php |access-date=January 31, 2022 |newspaper=Houston Chronicle|quote=The Irving-based oil giant said the corporate relocation to Spring[...]}}

The headquarters was previously in Irving."[http://www.exxonmobil.com/Corporate/contactus_contact_businessheadquarters.aspx Business Headquarters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511115425/http://exxonmobil.com/Corporate/contactus_contact_businessheadquarters.aspx |date=May 11, 2012 }}." ExxonMobil. Retrieved March 6, 2012. The company decided to consolidate its Houston operations into one new campus located in northern Harris County and vacate its offices on 800 Bell St. which it had occupied since 1963.{{cite web|date=May 4, 2015|title=ExxonMobil's New Campus: Giving Houston a Second Energy Corridor|url=https://urbanland.uli.org/development-business/exxonmobils-new-campus-giving-houston-second-energy-corridor/|access-date=July 9, 2020|website=Urban Land Magazine|language=en-US}} The decision came in 2022. The new operation complex includes twenty office buildings totaling {{convert|3000000|sqft|m2}}, a wellness center, laboratory, and three parking garages.{{cite web|last=Sarnoff|first=Nancy|url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/energy/6841225.html|title=ExxonMobil is considering a move|work=Houston Chronicle|date=January 28, 2010|access-date=August 14, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100731190520/http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/energy/6841225.html|archive-date=July 31, 2010|url-status=live}} It is designed to house nearly 10,000 employees.

The current chairman of the board and CEO of ExxonMobil Corp. is Darren W. Woods. Woods was elected chairman of the board and CEO effective January 1, 2017, after the retirement of former chairman and CEO Rex Tillerson. Before his election as chairman and CEO, Woods was elected president of ExxonMobil and a member of the board of directors in 2016.{{cite web |url=http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1986/0000034088-16-000103.pdf |title=Exxon Mobil Corporation, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Dec 16, 2016 |publisher=secdatabase.com |access-date=April 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424135731/http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1986/0000034088-16-000103.pdf |archive-date=April 24, 2018 |url-status=live }}

{{As of|2025|1|8|df=US}}, the current ExxonMobil board members are:{{cite web

|url=https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/About-us/Who-we-are/Corporate-governance/ExxonMobil-board-of-directors#exxonMobilCorporationBoardOfDirectors

|title=Exxon Mobil Corp. Board of Directors

|publisher=Exxon Mobil Corp.

|access-date=January 8, 2025

}}

• Michael J. Angelakis, chair and chief executive officer of Atairos Group Inc.
• Angela Braly, former president and CEO of WellPoint (now Anthem)
• Maria S. Dreyfus, CEO and Founder of Ardinall Investment Management
• John D. Harris II, former CEO, Raytheon International, Inc.
• Kaisa H. Hietala, board professional
• Joseph L. Hooley, former chair, president and CEO of State Street
• Steven A. Kandarian, chair, president and CEO of MetLife
• Alexander A. Karsner, senior strategist at X Development
• Lawrence W. Kellner, former CEO, COO, and Chair of Continental Airlines
• Dina Powell McCormick, BDT & MSD Partners, LLC
• Jeffrey W. Ubben, Founder, Portfolio Manager, and Managing Partner, Inclusive Capital Partners, L.P.
• Darren W. Woods, chair of the board and CEO, ExxonMobil Corporation

Hooley is presently the lead independent director, having succeeded former Merck CEO Kenneth Frazier upon his retirement in May 2022.{{Cite web |date=March 22, 2022 |title=ExxonMobil Lead Director Ken Frazier to Retire; Jay Hooley to Become Lead Director |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220322005481/en/ExxonMobil-Lead-Director-Ken-Frazier-to-Retire-Jay-Hooley-to-Become-Lead-Director |access-date=March 29, 2022 |website=www.businesswire.com |language=en}}

ExxonMobil's key executives are:{{Cite web |title=Mergent Online – Company Detail : ExxonMobil |url=https://www.mergentonline.com/companydetail.php?compnumber=2907&pagetype=synopsis |access-date=September 22, 2022 |website=www.mergentonline.com}}

• Darren Woods, chairman and CEO
• Neil Chapman, Senior Vice President
• Kathryn Mikells, CFO and Senior Vice President
• Jack Williams, Senior Vice President
• James Spellings, General Tax Counsel and Vice President

• Litigation involving ExxonMobil:
• Connecticut v. ExxonMobil
• Exxon Corp. v Exxon Insurance Consultants International Ltd
• Kivalina v. ExxonMobil
• People of the State of New York v. ExxonMobil

{{Notelist}}

{{reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}

• Form 10-K 2018: {{Cite report |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/34088/000003408819000010/xom10k2018.htm |title=Exxon Mobil Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 |date=February 27, 2019 |publisher=U.S. SEC |access-date=February 10, 2023 |format=XBRL |ref={{SfnRef|10-K|2018}} }}
• Form 10-K 2022: {{Cite report |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/34088/000003408823000020/xom-20221231.htm |title=Exxon Mobil Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 |date=February 22, 2023 |publisher=U.S. SEC |access-date=March 10, 2023 |format=XBRL |ref={{SfnRef|10-K|2022}} }}
• Form 10-K 2023: {{Cite report |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/34088/000003408824000018/xom-20231231.htm |title=Exxon Mobil Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 |date=February 28, 2024 |publisher=U.S. SEC |access-date=February 29, 2024 |format=XBRL |ref={{SfnRef|10-K|2023}} }}
• Form 10-K 2024: {{Cite report |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/34088/000003408825000010/xom-20241231.htm |title=Exxon Mobil Corporation, Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 |date=February 19, 2025 |publisher=U.S. SEC |access-date=March 4, 2025 |format=XBRL |ref={{SfnRef|10-K|2024}} }}
• Bender, Rob, and Tammy Cannoy-Bender. An Unauthorized Guide to: Mobil Collectibles – Chasing the Red Horse. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing Co., 1999.
• Exxon Corp. Century of Discovery: An Exxon Album. 1982.
• Gibb, George S., and Evelyn H. Knowlton. The Resurgent Years, 1911–1927: History of Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey). New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1956.
• Hidy, Ralph W., and Muriel E. Hidy. Pioneering in Big Business, 1882–1911: History of Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey). New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1955.
• Larson, Henrietta M., and Kenneth Wiggins Porter. History of Humble Oil & Refining Co.: A Study in Industrial Growth. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1959.
• Larson, Henrietta M., Evelyn H. Knowlton, and Charles S. Popple. New Horizons, 1927–1950: History of Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey). New York: Harper & Row, 1971.
• McIntyre, J. Sam. The Esso Collectibles Handbook: Memorabilia from Standard Oil of New Jersey. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing Co., 1998.
• Sampson, Anthony. The Seven Sisters: The 100-year Battle for the World's Oil Supply. New York: Bantom Books, 1991.
• Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey). Ships of the Esso Fleet in World War II. 1946.
• Tarbell, Ida M. All in a Day's Work: An Autobiography.. New York: The MacMillan Co., 1939.
• Tarbell, Ida M., and David Mark Chalmers. The History of the Standard Oil Co.. New York: Harper & Row, 1966.
• Wall, Bennett H. Growth in a Changing Environment: A History of Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey) 1950–1972 and Exxon Corp. (1972–1975). New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1988.
• Yergin, Daniel. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.

{{Refend}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{Cite book | last = Coll | first = Steve | author-link = Steve Coll | year = 2012 | title = Private Empire: ExxonMobil and American Power | location = New York, NY | publisher = The Penguin Press | isbn = 978-1-594-20335-0 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781594203350 }}
• {{Cite book | last = Painter | first = David S. | author-link = David S. Painter | year = 1987 | title = Private Power and Public Policy: Multinational Oil Corporations and United States Foreign Policy, 1941–1954 | url = http://www.ibtauris.com/Books/Society%20%20social%20sciences/Politics%20%20government/International%20relations/Private%20Power%20and%20Public%20Policy%20Multinational%20Oil%20Corporations%20and%20United%20States%20Foreign%20Policy%20194154.aspx | location = London | publisher = I.B.Tauris | isbn = 978-1-850-43021-6 }}
• {{Cite journal | last = Pratt | first = Joseph A. | year = 2012 | title = Exxon and the Control of Oil | journal = The Journal of American History | volume = 99 | number = 1 | pages = 145–154 | doi=10.1093/jahist/jas149| doi-access = free }}

{{Refend}}

{{Commons category|ExxonMobil}}

{{Wikiquote|ExxonMobil}}

• {{Official website}}
• {{OpenSecrets}}
• [https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00352/cah-00352.html The ExxonMobil Historical Collection at the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas]

{{Finance links

| name = Exxon Mobil Corporation

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| reuters = XOM.N

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