Ezekiel 44

The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 31 verses.

File:Visionary Ezekiel Temple.jpg]]

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}}

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^Q; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|Ezekiel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.{{cite book| last= Shepherd|first= Michael |title= A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets | series= Kregel Exegetical Library | publisher= Kregel Academic | year= 2018 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_iNZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|isbn= 978-0825444593 | page= 13}}}}

The part begins with the style of the original vision, with Ezekiel being led by the messenger from inner court ({{bibleverse|Ezekiel|43:5|9}} to the east gate of the outer court (verses 1–3), then to the northern gate facing the inner court (verse 4), followed by the rules and regulations for the temple (verses 5–14).{{sfn|Carley|1974|pp=293–294}}

: And the Lord said to me, "This gate shall be shut; it shall not be opened, and no man shall enter by it, because the Lord God of Israel has entered by it; therefore it shall be shut."{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|44:2|NKJV}} NKJV

Biblical commentator Susan Galambush notes that although the commandment suggests the special holiness attributed to the Lord God of Israel's "private entrance", the permanently locked gate also symbolizes the permanence of God's presence in the temple.Galambush, S., Ezekiel in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), [https://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43 The Oxford Bible Commentary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122193211/http://b-ok.org/dl/946961/8f5f43 |date=2017-11-22 }}, pp. 561

:"As for the prince, because he is the prince, he may sit in it to eat bread before the Lord; he shall enter by way of the vestibule of the gateway, and go out the same way."{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|44:3|NKJV}} NKJV

The Jerusalem Bible notes that this would have been "a sacred meal, presumably accompanying the communion sacrifice" of Leviticus 7:11-15.Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote a at Ezekiel 44:3

: And the Lord said to me, "Son of man, mark well, see with your eyes and hear with your ears, all that I say to you concerning all the ordinances of the house of the Lord and all its laws. Mark well who may enter the house and all who go out from the sanctuary."{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|44:5|NKJV}} NKJV

• "Son of man" (Hebrew: בן־אדם {{Strong-number|ḇen|H|01121}}-{{Strong-number|'ā-ḏām|H|00120}}): this phrase is used 93 times to address Ezekiel,{{sfn|Bromiley|1995|p=574}} differing the creator God from His creatures, and to put Ezekiel as a "representative member of the human race."{{sfn|The Nelson Study Bible|1997|p=1337}}

This section records the regulations for the levitical priests of the family of Zadok, who claimed to be of the line of Eleazar, the son of Aaron {{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|6:3–8|9}}) whereas the other priests claimed to be the descendants of Ithamar, Aaron's youngest son, and the rest of the Levites performed a subordinate role (cf. {{bibleverse|Numbers|18:1–7|9}}).{{sfn|Carley|1974|p=296}} The meanings of these regulations are not completely clear, but mostly in parallel to the Priestly material in the books of Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers.{{sfn|Carley|1974|p=297}}

: "But the priests, the Levites, the sons of Zadok, who kept charge of My sanctuary when the children of Israel went astray from Me, they shall come near Me to minister to Me; and they shall stand before Me to offer to Me the fat and the blood," says the Lord God.{{bibleref2|Ezekiel|44:15|NKJV}} NKJV

• Ezekiel belongs to the group of Zadokite priests ({{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|6:50-53|9}}: {{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|24:31|9}}).{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=1245 Hebrew Bible}}

{{Portal|Bible}}

• Israel
• Levi
• New Jerusalem Dead Sea Scroll
• Third Temple
• Zadok
• Related Bible parts: 1 Kings 6, 2 Chronicles 3, Isaiah 2, Ezekiel 1, Ezekiel 40, Ezekiel 41, Ezekiel 42, Revelation 21

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book

| last = Bromiley

| first = Geoffrey W.

| title = International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: vol. iv, Q-Z

| year = 1995

| publisher = Eerdmans

| isbn = 9780802837844

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C&pg=PA574

}}

• {{cite book

| last1 = Brown

| first1 = Francis

| last2 = Briggs

| first2 = Charles A.

| last3 = Driver

| first3 = S. R.

| title = The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon

| year = 1994

| edition = reprint

| publisher = Hendrickson Publishers

| isbn = 978-1565632066}}

• {{Cite book | last= Carley |first= Keith W. | title= The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel | series= Cambridge Bible Commentaries on the New English Bible | edition= illustrated | publisher= Cambridge University Press | year= 1974 | isbn= 9780521097550 }}
• {{Cite book

|last = Clements

|first = Ronald E

|title = Ezekiel

|publisher = Westminster John Knox Press

|year = 1996

|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cB5WoWI3FRAC

|isbn = 9780664252724

}}

• {{cite book|last= Coogan|first = Michael David| author-link= Michael D. Coogan |title = The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 |editor-last1=Coogan |editor-first1=Michael David |editor-first2=Marc Zvi |editor-last2= Brettler |editor-first3=Carol Ann |editor-last3= Newsom |editor-first4= Pheme |editor-last4= Perkins |edition= Augmented 3rd |publisher = Oxford University Press |year =2007 |isbn = 9780195288810 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ}}
• {{cite book|last= Galambush| first= J. | chapter = 25. Ezekiel | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John| editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 533–562 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}
• {{cite book

| last = Gesenius

| first = H. W. F.

| title = Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures: Numerically Coded to Strong's Exhaustive Concordance, with an English Index.

| translator-last = Tregelles

| translator-first = Samuel Prideaux

| year = 1979

| edition = 7th

| publisher = Baker Book House}}

• {{Cite book

|last =Joyce

|first =Paul M.

|title =Ezekiel: A Commentary

|publisher =Continuum

|year =2009

|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=LRepfsso2p0C&q=commentary+Ezekiel

|isbn =9780567483614

}}

• {{cite book

| title = The Nelson Study Bible

| year = 1997

| publisher = Thomas Nelson, Inc.

| isbn = 9780840715999

| ref= {{harvid|The Nelson Study Bible|1997}}

}}

• {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

• [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt1244.htm Ezekiel 44 Hebrew with Parallel English]
• [http://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16142 Ezekiel 44 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary]

• [http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=31&c=44 Ezekiel 44 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425121708/http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=0&b=31&c=44 |date=2017-04-25 }}

{{Book of Ezekiel}}

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