FAM110A
{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{infobox gene}}
Protein FAM110A, also known as protein family with sequence similarity 110, A, C20orf55 or BA371L19.3{{cite web |title=FAM110A Gene |url=https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=FAM110A |website=GeneCards |access-date=19 December 2020}} is encoded by the FAM110A gene. FAM110A is located on chromosome 20 and is a part of the greater FAM110 gene family,{{cite journal | vauthors = Hauge H, Patzke S, Aasheim HC | title = Characterization of the FAM110 gene family | journal = Genomics | volume = 90 | issue = 1 | pages = 14–27 | date = July 2007 | pmid = 17499476 | doi = 10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.03.002 | doi-access = }} consisting of FAM110A, FAM110B, and FAM110C.
Gene
= Overview =
In humans, FAM110A is located on the plus strand at 20p13. The gene transcript is found from base pairs 833,715 to 846,279, with a total transcript length of 12,564 base pairs.{{cite web |title=FAM110A family with sequence similarity 110 member A [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/83541 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date=19 December 2020}} The FAM110A mRNA transcript is predicted to contain two exons. An upstream promoter region for FAM110A is predicted to be 1,111 base pairs long.{{cite web |title=Genomatix |url=https://www.genomatix.de/ |access-date=19 December 2020 |archive-date=24 February 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010224072831/http://www.genomatix.de/ |url-status=dead }} Six different mRNA transcripts of FAM110A are predicted, all differing in their 5' untranslated regions.
File:FAM110A genomic location.png (pictured in red).]]
=Homology=
219 organisms have been reported to have orthologs with the human FAM110A gene.
| class="wikitable" | ||||||
| Species | Taxonomic group | Date of divergence (MYA) | Accession | Sequence length | Sequence identity | Sequence similarity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) | Mammal | 90 | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_005320619.1?report=genbank&log$=prottop&blast_rank=1&RID=TCHRGDMB016 XP_005320619.1] | 295 | 92% | 94% |
| Domesticated dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | Mammal | 96 | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_005634952.1?report=genbank&log$=prottop&blast_rank=1&RID=TCH1YEHT013 XP_005634952.1] | 295 | 91% | 93% |
| Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) | Mammal | 105 | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_023446141.1?report=genbank&log$=prottop&blast_rank=1&RID=TCJ4KWT6013 XP_023446141.1] | 284 | 85% | 85% |
| Garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) | Reptile | 312 | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_013922001.1?report=genbank&log$=prottop&blast_rank=1&RID=TCKEBYB0016 XP_013922001.1] | 360 | 46% | 58% |
| Painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii) | Reptile | 312 | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_005304966.1?report=genbank&log$=prottop&blast_rank=1&RID=TCJATT4S013 XP_005304966.1] | 362 | 48% | 59% |
| Hummingbird (Calypte anna) | Bird | 312 | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_030319175.1?report=genbank&log$=prottop&blast_rank=1&RID=TCMHVR2V016 XP_030319175.1] | 337 | 53% | 61% |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) | Bird | 312 | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_003642512.1?report=genbank&log$=prottop&blast_rank=1&RID=TCHXR3YY01R XP_003642512.1] | 331 | 56% | 62% |
| Worm (Microcaecilia unicolor) | Amphibian | 351.8 | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_030068004.1?report=genbank&log$=prottop&blast_rank=1&RID=TCJE8SAB01R XP_030068004.1] | 381 | 39% | 49% |
| Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) | Fish | 435 | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_033863480.2?report=genbank&log$=prottop&blast_rank=1&RID=TCJ7FRYU016 XP_033863480.2] | 350 | 43% | 54% |
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | Fish | 435 | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_003201231.1?report=genbank&log$=prottop&blast_rank=3&RID=TCJWUTZE016 XP_003201231.1] | 446 | 59% | 71% |
| Deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) | Arthropod | 797 | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_029825208.1?report=genbank&log$=prottop&blast_rank=3&RID=TCJGKHJ3016 XP_029825208.1] | 337 | 31% | 40% |
= Regulation =
| class="wikitable"
|+ FAM110A transcription factor binding sites | |||||
| Matrix family | Matrix information | Start position | End position | Strand | Matrix similarity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TGF-β induced apoptosis proteins | Cysteine-serine-rich nuclear protein 1 (AXUD1, AXIN1 up-regulated 1) | 277 | 283 | (+) | 1.00 |
| CAS interacting zinc finger protein | Zinc finger protein 384 (Cas-interacting zinc finger protein - CIZ) | 305 | 315 | (+) | 1.00 |
| Lim homeodomain factors | LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha | 342 | 364 | (-) | 1.00 |
| SWI/SNF related nucleophosphoproteins with a RING finger DNA binding motif | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 3 | 354 | 364 | (-) | 1.00 |
| SWI/SNF related nucleophosphoproteins with a RING finger DNA binding motif | SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 3 | 357 | 367 | (+) | 1.00 |
| Cart-1 (cartilage homeoprotein 1) | Binding site for S8 type homeodomains | 421 | 441 | (-) | 1.00 |
| NKX homeodomain factors | Homeo domain factor Nkx-2.5/Csx, tinman homolog low affinity sites | 423 | 441 | (-) | 1.00 |
| TCF11 transcription factor | TCF11/LCR-F1/Nrf1 homodimers | 559 | 565 | (+) | 1.00 |
| EVI1-myleoid transforming protein | MEL1 (MDS1/EVI1-like gene 1) DNA-binding domain 2 | 612 | 628 | (-) | 1.00 |
| C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors 37 | Zinc finger protein 37 alpha (KOX21) | 770 | 778 | (-) | 1.00 |
| C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors 2 | Zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 3 | 819 | 841 | (-) | 1.00 |
| Myeloid zinc finger 1 factors | Myeloid zinc finger protein MZF1 | 1002 | 1012 | (-) | 1.00 |
| C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors 2 | KRAB-containing zinc finger protein 300 | 1014 | 1036 | (+) | 1.00 |
| C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors 2 | Zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 3 | 1029 | 1051 | (-) | 1.00 |
Protein
= Overview =
All human FAM110A transcript variants encode the same protein, which is 295 amino acids in length. The human FAM110A protein is projected to weigh 31.3 kiladaltons and have an isoelectric point of 10.5.{{cite web |title=ExPASy - Compute pI/Mw tool |url=https://web.expasy.org/compute_pi/ |website=web.expasy.org |publisher=Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics |access-date=19 December 2020}}
| class="wikitable"
|+ FAM110A repetitive structures{{cite web |title=SAPS: Statistical Analysis of Protein Sequences |url=https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/seqstats/saps/ |website=EMBL-EBI |publisher=European Molecular Biology Laboratory |access-date=19 December 2020}} | |||
| Species | Accession | Repeating structures | Positions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human (Homo sapiens) | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001035812.1 NP_001035812.1] | SPARP | 162-166; 177-181 |
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_003316845.1 XP_003316845.1] | SPARP | 162-166; 177-181 |
| Mouse (Mus musculus) | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_001276079.1 NP_001276079.1] | PATP | 11-14; 139-142 |
| Chicken (Gallus gallus) | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_015151953.1 XP_015151953.1] | AVRR | 88-91; 168-171 |
| PRSA | 104-107; 285-288 | ||
| SAGR | 106-109; 147-150 | ||
| PAAP | 158-161; 199-202 | ||
| Zebrafish (Danio rerio) | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/XP_009302562.1 XP_009302562.1] | LARP | 88-91; 348-351 |
Human FAM110A is predicted to contain one standard deviation less than average frequencies of methionine, asparagine, and isoleucine residues, while containing one standard deviation higher frequencies of serine and proline residues. Human FAM110A is also predicted to contain a frequency of arginine residues two standard deviations higher than average. The presence of a high frequency of arginine residues is also apparent in the FAM110A chimpanzee, mouse, chicken and zebrafish orthologs, indicating that it may play a vital role to the function of the gene due to its high conservation.
FAM110A is predicted to be hydrophilic and soluble.{{cite web |title=SOSUI: Classification and secondary structure prediction for membrane proteins |url=http://harrier.nagahama-i-bio.ac.jp/sosui/sosui_submit.html |website=harrier.nagahama-i-bio.ac.jp |access-date=19 December 2020}}
File:FAM110A tertiary structure.png
The tertiary structure of FAM110A is predicted to be 80% disordered.{{cite web |title=PHYRE2 Protein Fold Recognition Server |url=http://www.sbg.bio.ic.ac.uk/~phyre2/html/page.cgi?id=index |website=www.sbg.bio.ic.ac.uk |publisher=Structural Bioinformatics Group, Imperial College, London |access-date=19 December 2020}}
= Post-translational modification =
The N-terminal glycine residue FAM110A is not predicted to be myristolated (confidence: 0.97),{{cite web |title=ExPASy - Myristoylation tool |url=https://web.expasy.org/myristoylator/ |website=web.expasy.org |publisher=Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics |access-date=19 December 2020}} indicating that FAM110A is not membrane-associated.
It is predicted that FAM110A contains no sulfation of tyrosine residues,{{cite web |title=ExPASy - Sulfinator tool |url=https://web.expasy.org/sulfinator/ |website=web.expasy.org |publisher=Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics |access-date=19 December 2020}} suggesting that FAM110A is not secreted.
Phosphorylation analysis indicates FAM110A to be associated with the AGC and Akt kinase families.{{cite web |title=GPS 5.0 - Kinase-specific Phosphorylation Site Prediction |url=http://gps.biocuckoo.cn/online.php |website=gps.biocuckoo.cn |publisher=The CUCKOO Workgroup}}
Immunofluorescent analysis of FAM110A reveals the protein to be localized in the nucleoplasm, cytosol, and vesicles.{{cite web |title=Anti-FAM110A Antibody (HPA069240) - Atlas Antibodies |url=https://www.atlasantibodies.com/products/antibodies/primary-antibodies/triple-a-polyclonals/fam110a-antibody-hpa069240/ |website=www.atlasantibodies.com |publisher=Atlas Antibodies |access-date=19 December 2020}}
= Interacting proteins =
| class="wikitable"
|+ Proteins predicted to interact with FAM110A | ||
| Protein abbreviation | Protein name | Association type |
|---|---|---|
| CSNK1E | Casein kinase 1 isoform ε | Two hybrid |
| DYNA1I1 | Cytoplasmic dynein 1 intermediate chain | Two hybrid |
| KRT15 | Type 1 cytoskeletal keratin | Two hybrid |
| TRIM23 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase | Two hybrid |
| GOLGA2 | Member 2 Golgin (subfamily A) | Two hybrid |
Clinical significance
= Cancer pathogenesis =
FAM110A has been observed to be abnormally expressed in prostate cancer metastasis, where it co-localizes with E-cadherin and β-catenin at cell-cell adherens junctions,{{cite journal |last1=Tsuruta |first1=H. |last2=Verhaegh |first2=G.W. |last3=Schalken |first3=J.A. |title=The expression and function of FAM110A in human prostate cancer |journal=European Urology Supplements |date=April 2014 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=e303 |doi=10.1016/S1569-9056(14)60298-0}} suggesting FAM110A’s involvement in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer pathogenesis. The greater FAM110 gene family is aberrantly methylated in breast cancer cells,{{cite journal | vauthors = Locke WJ, Clark SJ | title = Epigenome remodelling in breast cancer: insights from an early in vitro model of carcinogenesis | journal = Breast Cancer Research | volume = 14 | issue = 6 | pages = 215 | date = November 2012 | pmid = 23168266 | pmc = 4053120 | doi = 10.1186/bcr3237 | doi-access = free }} and has been shown to be associated with reduced time to distant metastasis in breast cancer patients.
= Cell cycle involvement =
FAM110A has been found to localize to centrosomes and accumulate at the microtubule organizing center in interphase and at spindle poles in mitosis.
References
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:FAM110A}}
Category:Genes on human chromosome 20
{{Improve categories|date=June 2021}}