FS Class ETR 450

{{Infobox train

| background = #FFCF81

| name = ElettroTreno Rapido 450

| image = ETR450.06.jpg

| imagealt =

| imagesize = 300px

| caption = Italian "Pendolino" ETR 450.

| interiorimage =

| interiorimagealt =

| interiorcaption =

| service = 29 May 1988 - 6 January 2015

| manufacturer = Fiat Ferroviaria, Ercole Marelli

| factory = Savigliano ( Cuneo )

| family = Pendolino

| replaced =

| yearconstruction = 1987 - 1992

| yearservice = 1988

| refurbishment = 1993

| yearscrapped = 2015

| numberconstruction =

| numberbuilt = 15

| numberservice =

| numberpreserved = 1 ( for Fondazione FS )

| numberscrapped = 14

| formation = 6 cars ( 1st class only ), 8 cars, 9 cars ( 1st and 2nd class )

| fleetnumbers =

| capacity = 390 seats: 170 1st class, 220 2nd class / 126 1st class, 264 2nd class.

| operator = Trenitalia

| depots =

| lines = Roma - Milano, Roma - Torino, Roma - Firenze - Genova - Savona, Roma - Venezia, Roma - Verona - Bolzano, Roma - Bari - Lecce, Roma - Napoli - Salerno, Roma - Potenza - Taranto, Roma - Reggio Calabria, Roma Perugia, Roma - Ancona, Roma - Rimini, Roma - La Spezia, Roma - Vicenza, Milano - Ancona - Pescara.

| carbody =

| trainlength = {{cvt|233.9|m|ftin}}

| carlength =

| width =

| height =

| floorheight =

| platformheight =

| entrylevelorstep =

| doors =

| art-sections =

| maxspeed = {{Convert|280|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (design)
{{Convert|250|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (service)

| weight =

| acceleration =

| deceleration =

| traction =

| engine =

| poweroutput = 5568 kW hourly, 5008 kW continuous

| transmission =

| aux =

| electricsystem = 3 kV DC Overhead catenary

| hvac =

| powersupply =

| collectionmethod = Pantograph

| uicclass =

| aarwheels =

| bogies =

| brakes =

| safety =

| coupling =

| multipleworking =

| gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}}

}}File:Etr450.jpg

ETR 450 (ElettroTrenoRapido 450) was the first series Italian tilting train (also called Pendolino).

History

The Pendolino project was started in the 1970s by FIAT Ferroviaria. Development included a number of prototypes, the last of which was the ETR 401. This prototype was followed by the ETR 450 series units. The first train entered service on between Rome and Milan in 1988.

Every train is made up of 9 units. The trains can reach a maximum speed of {{Convert|280|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, service top speed was {{Convert|250|km/h|0|abbr=on}}. The ETR 450 were in use on the Rome-Bari, Rome-Ancona-Rimini and Genoa-Florence - Rome lines. It was relegated to lower services with the introduction of the next generation of Pendolino trains (ETR 460, ETR 480) and non-tilting high-speed trains (ETR 500).

In 2004, shortage of gyroscopic tilting controls (now out of production by British Aerospace) resulted in a decision to deactivate the tilting mechanism in the ETR 450. This necessitated a reclassification of the ETR 450, placing it in the same category as most conventional passenger rail, and requiring a decrease in its speed on turns. Overall top speed was also reduced to {{Convert|200|km/h|0|abbr=on}}. Subsequent years would see the ETR 450 transferred from high speed lines to use in long-distance conventional lines.

In December 2014, the last of the ETR 450 trains were removed from service, the later years of the model marked by operational delays and maintenance.{{Cite web |title=Ferrovie.it - Mesta conclusione di carriera per gli ETR.450 |url=https://www.ferrovie.it/portale/articoli/3436 |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=Ferrovie.it |language=it}}