Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
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| formation = 2010
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| leader_title = Scientific Managing Director
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| leader_title2 = Administrative Managing Director
| leader_name2 = Katharina Stummeyer{{cite web |title=Management Board of FAIR and GSI |url=https://fair-center.eu/about/management |access-date=26 July 2024}}
| leader_name3 = Jörg Blaurock
| leader_title3 = Technical Managing Director
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| name = Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR)
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| abbreviation = FAIR
| location = Planckstraße 1
64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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| website = [http://www.fair-center.eu fair-center.eu]
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The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR){{cite web|title=FAIR home page|url=http://www.fair-center.eu|accessdate=12 February 2013}} is an international accelerator facility under construction which will use antiprotons and ions to perform research in the fields of: nuclear, hadron and particle physics, atomic and anti-matter physics, high density plasma physics, and applications in condensed matter physics, biology and the bio-medical sciences. It is situated in Darmstadt in Germany.
FAIR will be based upon an expansion of the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, the details of which have been laid out in the FAIR Baseline Technical Report 2006.{{cite book|title=FAIR - Baseline Technical Report|year=2006|isbn=3-9811298-0-6|url=http://www.fair-center.eu/for-users/publications/fair-publications.html|access-date=2013-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326134807/http://www.fair-center.eu/for-users/publications/fair-publications.html|archive-date=2014-03-26|url-status=dead|last1=Gutbrod|first1=Hans H.}} On October 4, 2010 the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe limited liability company (German GmbH), abbreviated as FAIR GmbH, was founded which coordinates the construction of the new accelerators and experiments.
The construction begun in the summer of 2017.{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsi.de//en/researchaccelerators/fair/fair_civil_construction/the_fair_mega_construction_project.htm?FS=1|title=The FAIR mega-construction project|date=October 24, 2018|website=GSI}} Commissioning is planned for 2025. The original budget had been estimated at 1262 million euro (2005 price level),{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsi.de//en/researchaccelerators/fair/facts_and_figures.htm|title=Facts and figures|date=December 2, 2015|website=GSI}} in 2018 the German Federal Court of Auditors stated that the cost of FAIR had increased to at least 1669 million euro (2005 prices),{{Cite web|url=https://www.bundesrechnungshof.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/produkte/beratungsberichte/2018/2018-bericht-bau-des-beschleunigerkomplexes-fair-in-darmstadt-aktueller-stand-und-risiken-des-fair-projekts-nach-baubeginn|title=2018 Bericht - Bau des Beschleunigerkomplexes "FAIR" in Darmstadt - Aktueller Stand und Risiken des FAIR-Projekts nach Baubeginn — Startseite|website=www.bundesrechnungshof.de|access-date=2020-01-03|archive-date=2020-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103205510/https://www.bundesrechnungshof.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/produkte/beratungsberichte/2018/2018-bericht-bau-des-beschleunigerkomplexes-fair-in-darmstadt-aktueller-stand-und-risiken-des-fair-projekts-nach-baubeginn|url-status=dead}} in 2019 a further report by the Federal Court of Auditors quoted results from a review board that an additional 850 million euro (2019 prices) would be needed to finish building the facility.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bundesrechnungshof.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/produkte/beratungsberichte/entwicklung-einzelplaene/2020/langfassungen/2019-bericht-information-ueber-die-entwicklung-des-einzelplans-30-bundesministerium-fuer-bildung-und-forschung-fuer-die-beratungen-zum-bundeshaushalt-2020-pdf|title=2019 Bericht - Information über die Entwicklung des Einzelplans 30 (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung) für die Beratungen zum Bundeshaushalt 2020|access-date=2020-01-03|archive-date=2020-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103205233/https://www.bundesrechnungshof.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/produkte/beratungsberichte/entwicklung-einzelplaene/2020/langfassungen/2019-bericht-information-ueber-die-entwicklung-des-einzelplans-30-bundesministerium-fuer-bildung-und-forschung-fuer-die-beratungen-zum-bundeshaushalt-2020-pdf|url-status=dead}}
FAIR science case
The four scientific pillars of FAIR are:
- Atomic, Plasma Physics and Applications – APPA,{{cite web|title=APPA summary|url=http://www.fair-center.eu/public/experiment-program/appa-physics.html|accessdate=12 February 2013|archive-date=18 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818235034/http://www.fair-center.eu/public/experiment-program/appa-physics.html|url-status=dead}}
- Compressed Baryonic Matter – CBM,{{cite web|author1=CBM Collaboration|title=CBM home page|url=http://www.fair-center.eu/for-users/experiments/cbm.html|accessdate=12 February 2013|archive-date=24 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224002554/http://www.fair-center.eu/for-users/experiments/cbm.html|url-status=dead}}
- Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions – NUSTAR,{{cite web|author1=NUSTAR Collaboration|title=NUSTAR home page|url=http://www.fair-center.eu/for-users/experiments/nustar.html|accessdate=12 February 2013|archive-date=24 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224002546/http://www.fair-center.eu/for-users/experiments/nustar.html|url-status=dead}}
- antiProton ANnihilation at DArmstadt – PANDA.{{cite web|author1=PANDA Collaboration|title=PANDA home page|url=http://www-panda.gsi.de/|accessdate=12 February 2013}}
Those are described on the web pages of FAIR (see {{cite web|title=Planned experiments at FAIR|url=http://www.fair-center.eu/public/experiment-program.html|publisher=FAIR|accessdate=12 Feb 2013}} and links therein).
FAIR accelerators
File:Fair-Baustelle-06-03-2013 panorama-stitch.png
Beams of protons will be prepared in the proton linear accelerator, p-LINAC, while heavy ions will be prepared in the UNILAC. Both of them will be fed into the SIS18. From there they will be directed into SIS100 (and SIS300 if applicable). Protons will be used either to produce antiproton beams by directing them on a dedicated production target or directly used for experiments within APPA. These antiprotons will be captured and cooled in the Collector Ring, CR (and RESR when available) before being injected into HESR, where they will be utilised within the PANDA experiment. High energetic heavy ions will either be used directly for studies with the CBM or APPA experiments or to produce unstable ion beams. The latter will be produced in the Rare Isotope Production Target and filtered the Super-FRS, where the NUSTAR experiments will take place.
FAIR partner
= Countries =
Roughly 3,000 scientists from more than 50 countries are already working on the planning of the experiment and accelerator facilities. This project is realised by partners from Finland, France, Germany, India, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia and Sweden that have signed an international treaty, the FAIR Convention, which formally entered into force in March 2014. The UK joined in 2013 as its first associate member.{{cite news|title=Britain signs up to world's hottest nuclear physics project|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/may/03/britain-hottest-nuclear-physics-project-fair|accessdate=13 May 2013|newspaper=Guardian|date=3 May 2013}} In 2018 the Czech Republic joined as an aspirant partner. Further countries, like Italy, are in negotiations.
Image:Flag of Finland.svg Image:Flag of France.svg Image:Flag of Germany.svg Image:Flag of India.svg Image:Flag of Poland.svg Image:Flag of Romania.svg Image:Flag of Russia.svg Image:Flag of Slovenia.svg Image:Flag of Sweden.svg Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Image:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg
= Institutions =
FAIR has also formed a strategic partnership with the Technische Universität Darmstadt, which is located in the same city as FAIR.{{Cite web|url=https://www.echo-online.de//lokales/darmstadt/gsi-und-tu-darmstadt-setzen-ihre-wissenschaftliche-partnerschaft-fort_16480572|title=GSI und TU Darmstadt setzen ihre wissenschaftliche Partnerschaft fort - Echo Online|last=GmbH|first=Echo Zeitungen|website=www.echo-online.de|language=de|access-date=2019-07-30}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ikp.tu-darmstadt.de/pietralla/norbertpietralla/forschung_wl_ptra/ext_experimente/fair_1/index.de.jsp|title=FAIR|last=Pietralla|first=Arbeitsgruppe|website=Arbeitsgruppe Pietralla – Technische Universität Darmstadt|language=de|access-date=2019-07-30}}
See also
Notes
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External links
- [http://www.fair-center.eu/ Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe GmbH: FAIR Home]
- [http://www.fair-center.eu/public.html Public information]
- [http://www.fair-center.eu/public/experiment-program.html Planned experiments at FAIR]
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Category:Particle physics facilities
Category:Nuclear research institutes