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Fadogia

{{Short description|Genus of plants}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Fadogia homblei02.jpg

|image_caption = Fadogia homblei

|display_parents = 2

|taxon = Fadogia

|authority = Schweinf.

|type_species = Fadogia cienkowskii

|type_species_authority = Schweinf.

}}

Fadogia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera Rytigynia and Fadogia form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic.{{cite journal|vauthors=Lantz H, Bremer B|year=2005|title=Phylogeny of the complex Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) genera Fadogia, Rytigynia, and Vangueria with close relatives and a new circumscription of Vangueria|journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution|volume=253|issue=1–4|pages=159–183|doi=10.1007/s00606-005-0313-9|bibcode=2005PSyEv.253..159L |s2cid=30867982}}

Distribution

Fadogia is found in Tropical Africa. F. cienkowskii and F. tetraquetra have the largest distribution and occur from Guinea to the Transvaal province. F. ancylantha and F. erythrophloea are also found in many African countries, but they don't occur so far south. The countries with the highest number of species are Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Tanzania, and Central African Republic.{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Rytigynia |title=Rytigynia in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae |access-date= }}

Bacterial leaf symbiosis

Endophytic bacteria are housed in the intercellular space of the leaf mesophyll tissue. The presence of these bacteria can only be microscopically ascertained. The bacteria are identified as Burkholderia, which is a genus that is also found in the leaves of other Rubiaceae species.{{cite journal|vauthors=Verstraete B, Janssens S, Smets E, Dessein S|year=2013|title=Symbiotic beta-proteobacteria beyond legumes: Burkholderia in Rubiaceae|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=1|pages=e55260|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0055260|pmid=23372845|pmc=3555867|doi-access=free}}{{cite journal|vauthors=Verstraete B, Janssens S, Lemaire B, Smets E, Dessein S|year=2013|title=Phylogenetic lineages in Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) associated with Burkholderia bacteria in sub-Saharan Africa|journal=American Journal of Botany|volume=100|issue=12|pages=2380–2387|doi=10.3732/ajb.1300303|pmid=24275705}} The hypothesis is that these endophytic bacteria provide chemical protection against insect herbivory.{{cite journal|vauthors=Sieber S, Carlier A, Neuburger M, Grabenweger G, Eberl L, Gademann K|year=2015|title=Isolation and total synthesis of kirkamide, an aminocyclitol from an obligate leaf nodule symbiont|journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition|volume=54|issue=27|pages=7968–7970|doi=10.1002/anie.201502696|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/120735/7/angewandte_authac.pdf|pmid=26033226}}

Gousiekte

Fadogia homblei is known to cause gousiekte, a cardiotoxicosis of ruminants characterised by heart failure four to eight weeks after ingestion of certain rubiaceous plants.{{cite journal|vauthors=Verstraete B, Van Elst D, Steyn H, Van Wyk B, Lemaire B, Smets E, Dessein S|year=2011|title=Endophytic bacteria in toxic South African plants: identification, phylogeny and possible involvement in gousiekte|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=4|pages=e19265|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0019265|pmid=21541284|pmc=3082559|bibcode=2011PLoSO...619265V|doi-access=free}}

Species

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References

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External links

{{Commons category-inline}}

  • [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/rubiaceae/ World Checklist of Rubiaceae]

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Category:Rubiaceae genera

{{Ixoroideae-stub}}