Far-right politics in Australia#White Army

According to political scientist and far-right extremist{{Cite web |date=2022-09-07 |title=Writing About the Extreme Right in Australia {{!}} History Cooperative |url=https://historycooperative.org/journal/writing-about-the-extreme-right-in-australia/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Fellner |first=Carrie |date=2019-03-22 |title=Right wing extremist makes election bid in sleepy NSW 'cherry capital' |url=https://www.smh.com.au/nsw-election-2019/right-wing-extremist-makes-election-bid-in-sleepy-nsw-cherry-capital-20190322-p516q4.html |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}} James Saleam, the Australian far-right could be divided into four groups: Radical-Nationalism; Neo-Nazism; Populist-Monarchism; Radical-Populism.{{sfn|Saleam|1999|p=130}}

• The first group is characterized by its doctrinal reference to the Australian labour, republican and nationalist heritage, and their rejection towards the imperial, American-alliance or client-internationalist phases of their country.{{sfn|Saleam|1999|p=155}}
• The second group conglomerates movements directly influenced by international neo-Nazism, including white supremacists and the skinhead movement.{{sfn|Saleam|1999|p=204-205}}
• The third group is composed of movements which advocate for a populist interpretation of the Australian Constitution and support for a depersonalized monarchy as an embodiment of popular will.{{sfn|Saleam|1999|p=250}}
• The fourth group is supportive of popular democracy, gun ownership and grassroots activism under a populist underpinning.{{sfn|Saleam|1999|p=293}}

Although recognizing that it is not an homogeneous movement,{{sfn|Dean|Bell|Vakhitova|2016|p=139}} Dean et al. have identified six fundamental cores among the Australian radical right: opposition towards immigration, anti-establishment and anti-elitist rhetoric, the protection of western values and culture, a radical regeneration of the democratic system within the democratic system, a return to traditional values in opposition to multiculturalism, and a support to a strong state committed to law and order.{{sfn|Dean|Bell|Vakhitova|2016|p=123-124}}

An early exponent of fascist ideology in Australia was the writer and poet William Baylebridge, who was later associated with P. R. Stephensen and the Australia First Movement in the 1930s and early 1940s.{{cite book |last1=Bird |first1=David |title=Nazi Dreamtime: Australian Enthusiasts for Hitler's Germany |year= 2014 |publisher=Australian Scholarly Publishing |isbn=9781783081240 |pages=145–156}}

{{Main|New Guard}}

{{distinguish|New Guard (2015–2018)}}

Image:De Groot cutting the ribbon.jpg

The Australian far right rose out of the monarchist and anti-communist movements. Formed in Sydney on 16 February 1931, the New Guard was the first and largest fascist organisation in Australia. It was formed by World War I veteran, Australian monarchist and anti-communist, Eric Campbell. The group comprised mostly returned servicemen and claimed a membership of 50,000 at its peak, including prominent members of society such as aviator Sir Charles Kingsford Smith{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |last1=Howard |first1=Frederick |title=Kingsford Smith, Sir Charles Edward (1897–1935) |id2=kingsford-smith-sir-charles-edward-6964 |access-date=23 April 2019}} and former Mayor of North Sydney Hubert Primrose.{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |last1=Moore |first1=Andrew |title=Primrose, Hubert Leslie (1880–1942) |id2=primrose-hubert-leslie-8117 |access-date=23 April 2019}}{{cite web |title=New Guard Movement, 1931–35 |url=http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs183.aspx |website=National Archives of Australia |publisher=Federal Australian Government |access-date=24 April 2019}}

The New Guard was a paramilitary organisation with its members being well armed and receiving military training. The New Guard under Campbell orchestrated a number of operations, including strike breaking, attacking Labor Party members and "Communist" meetings; they also demanded the deportation of Communists.{{cite web |last1=Sparrow |first1=Jeff |title=If you oppose Reclaim Australia, remember fascism wasn't always a freakshow |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jul/22/if-you-oppose-reclaim-australia-remember-fascism-wasnt-always-a-freakshowhttps://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jul/22/if-you-oppose-reclaim-australia-remember-fascism-wasnt-always-a-freakshow |website=The Guardian|access-date=23 April 2019}}{{cite book |last1=Cathcart |first1=Michael |title=Defending the National Tuckshop: Australia's Secret Army Intrigue of 1931 |year=1988 |publisher=McPhee Gribble Publishers |location=Melbourne |isbn=978-0869140772 |pages=32, 38, 56, 59, 68, 154, 175, 176, 179, 180 |edition=Second }}Abridged list of sources that describe the New Guard as a paramilitary organisation:

• {{cite web |last1=Campbell |first1=Nerida |title=Unfurling Sydney's radical past |url=https://sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/stories/unfurling-sydneys-radical-past |website=Justice & Police Museum |date=16 August 2018 |publisher=NSW State Government |access-date=23 April 2019|ref=none}}
• {{cite web |last1=Sparrow |first1=Jeff |title=If you oppose Reclaim Australia, remember fascism wasn't always a freakshow |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jul/22/if-you-oppose-reclaim-australia-remember-fascism-wasnt-always-a-freakshowhttps://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jul/22/if-you-oppose-reclaim-australia-remember-fascism-wasnt-always-a-freakshow |website=The Guardian|access-date=23 April 2019|ref=none}}
• {{cite web |last1=Nicastri |first1=Danielle |title=Sydney Harbour Bridge and New Guard play starring role in history of heritage-listed Pymble home Lanosa |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/north-shore/sydney-harbour-bridge-and-new-guard-play-starring-role-in-history-of-heritagelisted-pymble-home-lanosa/news-story/6a2e995843a3f49781b56d2136542d60 |website=The Daily Telegraph |date=30 June 2014 |access-date=24 April 2019|ref=none}}
• {{cite web |title=1932 Starvation Debenture |url=http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime/starvation/index.html |website=The NSW Migration Heritage Centre at the Powerhouse Museum |publisher=New South Wales Government |access-date=23 April 2019|ref=none}}
• {{cite book |last1=Blamires |first1=Cyprian |last2=Jackson |first2=Paul |title=World Fascism: A–K – Volume 1 of World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=2006 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, California |isbn=978-1576079409 |page=66|ref=none}}
• {{cite web |title=The New Zealand Legion Page 3 – The desire to 'do something' |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/politics/the-new-zealand-legion/desire-to-do-something |website=New Zealand History |publisher=New Zealand Government (Ministry for Culture and Heritage) |access-date=23 April 2019|ref=none}}
• {{cite web |last1=Rhodes |first1=Campbell |title=A fascist sex symbol? |url=https://www.moadoph.gov.au/blog/a-fascist-sex-symbol/ |website=The Museum of Australian Democracy at Old Parliament House |publisher=NSW State Government |access-date=23 April 2019|ref=none}}
• {{cite web |title=A Year to Remember 1932: Harbour Bridge opening controversy |url=https://www.nfsa.gov.au/collection/curated/year-remember-1932-harbour-bridge-opening-controversy |website=National Film and Sound Archive of Australia |publisher=Australian Federal Government |access-date=23 April 2019|ref=none}}
• {{cite web |title=Jack Lang, 1970 |url=https://www.portrait.gov.au/portraits/2000.27/jack-lang |website=National Portrait Gallery |publisher=Federal Australian Government |access-date=23 April 2019|ref=none}} During the initial growth of the movement, Campbell was able to attract many ex-soldiers and ex-commanders to the movement.{{cite web |title=1932 Starvation Debenture |url=http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/exhibition/objectsthroughtime/starvation/index.html |website=The NSW Migration Heritage Centre at the Powerhouse Museum |publisher=New South Wales Government |access-date=23 April 2019}}

The New Guard saw the Premier of New South Wales Jack Lang as an immediate threat. The organisation attracted attention when member Francis de Groot, on horseback and at Campbell's direction, upstaged Lang in cutting the ribbon at the opening ceremony of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in protest at Lang's anti-monarchist sentiments.{{cite web |last1=Campbell |first1=Nerida |title=Unfurling Sydney's radical past |url=https://sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/stories/unfurling-sydneys-radical-past |website=Justice & Police Museum |date=16 August 2018 |publisher=NSW State Government |access-date=23 April 2019}}

After Lang's dismissal in May 1932 the New Guard's membership declined rapidly.

The White Army (so named after the Russian White Army), also known as the League of National Security (LNS), was formed in Victoria around 1931, headed by the Chief Commissioner of Victoria Police, Thomas Blamey and described as a fascist paramilitary group.{{cite book | last = Cathcart | first = Michael | title = Defending the National Tuckshop | year = 1988 | publisher = McPhee Gribble Publishers | location = Fitzroy, Victoria | isbn = 014011629X | oclc = 27485309|pages=56–57}} The group, which existed for about eight years from 1931, comprised several senior army officers, including Col. Francis Derham, a Melbourne lawyer, and Lt. Col. Edmund Herring, later Chief Justice of Victoria. Some members had been members of the New Guard, and both groups were involved in street fights with leftist groups. This was reportedly a response to the rise of communism in Australia. Its members stood ready to take up arms to stop a Catholic or communist revolution.{{cite book | last = Horner | first = David | title = Blamey: The Commander-in-Chief | author-link = David Horner | author-mask=2 | publisher = Allen & Unwin | location = St Leonards, New South Wales | year = 1998 | isbn =1-86448-734-8 | oclc = 39291537|pages=93–97}}{{cite thesis | last=Cathcart | first=Michael | title=The White Army of 1931: Origins and legitimations: The League of National Security in Victoria in 1931, and the means by which it was legitimated | publisher=Australian National University|via=Open Research | date=June 1985 | doi=10.25911/5d74e695b15b4 | url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/113889 | access-date=30 March 2021}}

{{Main|Centre Party (New South Wales)}}

File:Colonel Eric Campbell, 1931.jpg

The Centre Party was a fascist political party formed in December 1933, following Lang's dismissal and the demise of the New Guard. Eric Campbell established the party after he had met with European fascists and National Socialists such as Sir Oswald Mosley and Joachim von Ribbentrop. Campbell repositioned the remnants of the New Guard away from paramilitary activities and into electoral politics.(5 December 1933). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19331205&id=c_NUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=8JEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5227,4181572 "New Party: Adjunct of New Guard"] – The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 July 2014.

The Centre Party contested the May 1935 New South Wales state election, polling 0.60% of the total vote.{{cite NSW election |year=1935 |tistrict=Totals |title=1935 Election Totals: Overall Election Results |access-date=25 June 2020}} Following the party's poor showing at the election Campbell withdrew from public life and the party disbanded.

{{Main|Australia First Movement}}

The Australia First Movement was a short-lived Australian fascist movement founded in October 1941. The group was anti-Semitic and national socialist, advocating the corporate state and a political alliance with the Axis powers of Germany,{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article94802165 |title=Australia First Movement |publisher=Trove |date=20 June 1944 |access-date=9 February 2015}} Italy and Japan.

The group was disbanded in March 1942, when a number of its members were secretly interned by the Australian government on suspicion that they might attempt to provide help to Japanese invaders.{{Cite web|url=http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs28.aspx|title=Australia First Movement – Fact sheet 28|access-date=29 May 2019|archive-date=30 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330050831/http://naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs28.aspx|url-status=dead}} Two members were convicted of treason. Australia First Movement member and former member of the Centre Party Adela Pankhurst, of the famous suffragette family, was arrested and interned in 1942 for her advocacy of peace with Japan.{{Cite book|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/pankhurst-adela-constantia-9275|title=Australian Dictionary of Biography|last=Hogan|first=Susan|chapter=Pankhurst, Adela Constantia (1885–1961)|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|location=Canberra}}

{{main|Australian League of Rights}}

The Australian League of Rights is a fascist and anti-Semitic political organisation. It was founded in Adelaide, South Australia by Eric Butler in 1946, and organised nationally in 1960. The party's ideology was based on the economic theory of Social Credit expounded by C. H. Douglas.{{cite book|last=Campbell |first=Andrew |date=1978 |title=The Australian League of Rights: a study in political extremism and subversion|location= Collingwood|publisher=Outback Press|isbn=978-0-868-88222-2|page=3}} The League describes itself as upholding the values of "loyalty to God, Queen and Country".

The group inspired groups like the British League of Rights, Canadian League of Rights and the New Zealand League of Rights. In 1972 Butler created an umbrella group, the Crown Commonwealth League of Rights, to represent the four groups; it also served as a chapter of the World League for Freedom and Democracy.{{cite book |last=Moore |first=Andrew |date=1995 |title=The Right Road: A history of Right-wing Politics in Australia|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-195-53512-9|page =66}}

{{Main|Australian National Socialist Party}}

The Australian National Socialist Party (ANSP) was a minor Australian neo-Nazi party. The party was founded in 1962 by University of Adelaide physics student Ted Cawthron and Sydney council worker Don Lindsay. The group was anti-communist, and supported the White Australia policy and the total annexation of New Guinea.{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-17/a-history-of-nazis-and-the-far-right-in-australia/10713514|title=A brief history of Nazism in Australia |publisher=ABC News|date=16 January 2019|website=www.abc.net.au}}{{cite book|last=Harcourt|first=David|title=Everyone Wants to be Fuehrer: National Socialism in Australia and New Zealand|year=1972|publisher=Angus and Robertson|pages=[https://archive.org/details/everyonewantstob0000harc/page/4 4–31]|isbn=0207124159|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/everyonewantstob0000harc/page/4}}

On 26 June 1964, the party's headquarters were raided by police. Party leader Athur Smith and four party members were arrested and convicted of possessing unlicensed firearms and explosives and possession of stolen goods. By 1967 the remnants of the party had joined the newly formed National Socialist Party of Australia.

{{Main|National Socialist Party of Australia}}

File:Jim Saleam Australian nationalist.png

The National Socialist Party of Australia (NSPA) was a minor Australian neo-Nazi party formed in 1967 by former ANSP leader Ted Cawthron. In May 1968, the ANSP merged into the NSPA, and Cawthron and Frank Molnar attempted to distance themselves and the party from the "jackbooted 'Nazi' image" associated with the ANSP.{{cite journal|jstor=27516076|title=Frank Browne and the Neo-Nazis|last=Henderson|first=Peter|journal=Labour History|pages=73–86|date=November 2005|number=89|doi=10.2307/27516076}}

In early 1970, Cawthron contested the May 1970 ACT by-election, making him the first National Socialist in Australia to run for public office. The party also made a number of unsuccessful runs for the Senate.{{Cite web|url=https://www.news.com.au/finance/historic-glebe-mansion-lyndhurst-once-australias-nazi-party-headquarters-on-market-for-75m/news-story/b8516883162d078c8b2d38c720e20d08|title=Historic Glebe mansion Lyndhurst, once Australia's Nazi Party headquarters, on market for $7.5m|date=9 May 2016|website=NewsComAu}}{{cite journal |title=An assault on the jew-democratic nut-mad house |journal = Politics|volume = 8|pages = 111–112|last=Harcourt|first=David |year=2007|doi=10.1080/00323267308401333 }}

Jim Saleam was made deputy leader of the party between 1972 and 1975. Saleam became a prominent figure in far-right politics, going on to found National Action in 1982 and the Australia First Party 1996.

{{Main|National Action (Australia)}}

National Action was a militant white supremacist group founded on Anzac Day 1982 by the former deputy leader of the National Socialist Party of Australia, Jim Saleam and former neo-Nazi David Greason.{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/no-apology-for-white-australia-policy/2008/01/11/1199988590134.html |title=No Apology For White Australia Policy |last1=West|first1=Andrew|date=29 February 2004|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=4 February 2013}}{{citation|title=I was a teenage fascist|pages=283, 284, 289|first=David|last=Greason|year=1994|publisher=McPhee Gribble}}

In 1989, Saleam was convicted of being an accessory before the fact in regard to organising the attempted assassination of African National Congress representative Eddie Funde. Saleam claimed to have been set up by police.{{cite web |last1=White |first1=Alex |title=The pro-white gangs spreading race hate across Australia |url=https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/law-order/the-prowhite-gangs-spreading-race-hate-across-australia/news-story/7384aef1faabe901d9f6937756a76ea8 |website=The Herald Sun |publisher=News International |date=7 October 2015|access-date=3 April 2021}}

In 1991, the group was disbanded following the murder of a member, Wayne "Bovver" Smith, in the group's headquarters in the Sydney suburb of Tempe. Following the murder of Smith, Saleam became NSW chairman of Australia First Party.

{{Main|Australian National Alliance}}

{{Main|Progressive Conservative Party (Australia)}}

{{distinguish|Australian Nationalist Party}}

The Australian Nationalist Movement (ANM), also known as the Australian Nationalist Worker's Union (ANWU), was a Western Australian neo-Nazi, extreme right-wing group founded and led by Peter Joseph "Jack" van Tongeren.

In 1987, Van Tongeren distributed 400,000 racist posters around Perth. The posters bore phrases such as "No Asians", "White Revolution The Only Solution", "Coloured Immigration: Trickle Is Now A Flood" and "Asians Out Or Racial War". Van Tongeren is a holocaust denier.{{sfn|Saleam|1999|p=210}}{{Cite news|title=Hill Calls For Report on Anti-Racism Law|date=5 August 1987|work=The West Australian}}

In 1989, Van Tongeren staged a series of racially motivated arson attacks, targeting businesses owned by Asian Australians. Van Tongeren served thirteen years in prison for his crimes. In the late 1980s it was revealed that his father was Javanese, making him of Indonesian ancestry. He resumed anti-Asian activities upon his release in 2002 leading to further convictions in 2006.{{Cite news|title=Anti-Asian Crusader on Dole|date=12 August 1987|work=The West Australian|page=1}}

In 1989, two ANM members murdered police informant David Locke. The murder trial of the two men eventually led to Van Tongeren being found guilty of 53 crimes and sentenced to 18 years. The two men who murdered David Locke received life sentences.{{Cite news| url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/120892007| title=WA judge aborts alleged neo-Nazi trial over public prejudice fears|date=13 June 1990|work=The Canberra Times|page=3}}Judge D. Hammond, Sentencing of Jack Van Tongeren, 20 September 1990, p. 68{{Cite news|title=Skinhead Jailed for Gang Raid on House|date=13 July 1989|work=The West Australian}}{{Cite news|title=Operation Jackhammer|last=Gibson|first=Roy|date=22 September 1990|work=The West Australian}}{{Cite news|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/120892570|title=Publicity should not affect verdict, jury told|date=15 June 1990|work=The Canberra Times|page=12}}

On being released from jail in 2002, Van Tongeren expressed no remorse. In February 2004 three Chinese restaurants, synagogues and Asian-owned businesses were firebombed, plastered with posters and daubed with swastikas. Western Australian police launched "Operation Atlantic" in response to the attacks, leading to the arrest of five men involved in the attacks. The police also identified a plot to harm WA Attorney-General Jim McGinty and his family, among others.Van Tongeren's crimes:

• {{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/pm/stories/s682037.htm|title=Racist arsonist released from jail|last=Weber|first=David|date=20 September 2002|work=ABC|type=Transcript from PM radio program|ref=none}}
• {{Cite web|url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/CIB/cib0203/03CIB22|title=Current Issues Brief No 22 2002–03: Crime and Candidacy|last=Holland|first=Ian|date=24 March 2003|website=Parliament of Australia|type=Current Issues Brief|ref=none}}
• {{Cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/world/australia-faces-up-to-race-violence-again-218589|title=Australia faces up to race violence – again|date=1 August 2004|work=IOL}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2004/s1036156.htm|title=Racist attacks against Perth restaurants|last=Nolan|first=Tanya|date=2 February 2004|work=ABC|type=Transcript from AM radio program|ref=none}}
• {{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2007/s1932332.htm|title=ANM leaders guilty of bomb plans|last=Weber|first=David|date=24 May 2007|work=ABC|type=Transcript from The World Today radio program|ref=none}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/white-supremacist-appears-in-court-20040808-gdyezv.html|title=White supremacist appears in court|date=8 August 2004|work=The Age}}
• {{Cite news|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/police-not-ready-to-talk-to-van-tongeren-20040804-gdjhf8.html|title=Police not ready to talk to van Tongeren|date=4 August 2004|work=The Age}}
• {{Cite news|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/threat-to-kill-wa-attorney-20040731-gdyd78.html|title=Threat to kill WA attorney|date=31 July 2004|work=The Age}}

In August 2004, Van Tongeren and his co-accused Matthew Billing were found and arrested in the Boddington area south-east of Perth. Both men once again faced the courts over the 2004 arson plots.{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2004/s1170962.htm|title=WA police arrest white supremacist leader|last=David|first=Weber|date=6 August 2004|work=ABC|type=Transcript from PM radio program}} During a hearing on 2 November, Van Tongeren collapsed, was taken to hospital, and later used a wheelchair. Van Tongeren was released from jail on the condition that he leave Western Australia.[http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/08/07/1091732133392.html?from=storylhs "Supremacist leader in court"] The Age. AAP. 7 August 2004. Retrieved 10 March 2015 In 2007 the ANM/ANWU was reported to have been disbanded.{{Cite news|url=https://www.crikey.com.au/2007/05/28/notorious-anti-asian-hate-movement-bites-the-dust/|title=Notorious anti-Asian hate movement bites the dust|date=28 May 2007|work=Crikey}}

Van Tongeren has been a member of a number of far-right extremist groups including National Action (Australia){{Cite news|title=The Making of a Racist|last=van Tongeren|first=Stella|date=20 October 1990|work=The Age Saturday Extra|pages=1, 6}}{{Cite book|title=Faces of Hate: Hate Crime in Australia|last=Greason|first=David|publisher=Hawkins Press|year=1997|isbn=1876067055|location=Sydney|pages=198|chapter=Australia's racist far-Right}}{{Cite book|title=The ANM Story|last=van Tongeren|first=Jack|publisher=True Blue Aussie Underground|pages=67–72}}

{{main|Australian Citizens Party}}

Founded in 1988, The Australian Citizens Party (formerly known as "Citizens Electoral Council of Australia" or CEC) is a minor political party in Australia affiliated with the international LaRouche Movement which was led by American political activist Lyndon LaRouche. The group has been accused, by B'nai B'rith, of being anti-Semitic, anti-gay, anti-Aboriginal and racist. The document cites CEC publications and quotes former CEC members.{{citation |title=The LaRouche Cult: The Citizens Electoral Council|type=PDF |year= 2001 | publisher = B'nai B'rith Anti-Defamation Commission Inc.}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.ajn.com.au/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071003123210/http://www.ajn.com.au/news/news.asp?pgID=2805|url-status=dead|title=AJN | Latest Nicotine News|archive-date=3 October 2007|website=www.ajn.com.au}}

The group has been accused of "brainwashing" members and engaging in campaigns involving "dirty tricks".{{cite web|url=http://sgp1.paddington.ninemsn.com.au/sunday/feature_stories/article_1658.asp?s=1 |title=On the fringe |author=Jana Wendt |date=3 October 2004 |publisher=nineMSN |access-date=12 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706110756/http://sgp1.paddington.ninemsn.com.au/sunday/feature_stories/article_1658.asp?s=1 |archive-date=6 July 2011}}

{{Main|Australians Against Further Immigration}}

Australians Against Further Immigration (AAFI) was an Australian far-right anti-immigration political party which described itself as "eco-nationalist" and was against positive net immigration. The party was founded in 1989 and dissolved in 2008. The party was deregistered by the Australian Electoral Commission in December 2005, because it was lacking the minimum 500 members required to be registered as a political party.{{cite web|url=http://www.aec.gov.au/About_AEC/Media_releases/2006/deregistration_aafi.htm|title=Media Release 2006: Deregistration of Australians Against Further Immigration|publisher=Australian Electoral Commission|access-date=26 September 2011}}

{{Main|Confederate Action Party of Australia}}

{{Main|Reclaim Australia: Reduce Immigration}}

{{Main|Antipodean Resistance}}

Antipodean Resistance (AR) is an Australian neo-Nazi group. Formed in October 2016, the group's flag features a swastika. The group's logo features the black sun and Totenkopf (skull head) with an Akubra hat, a laurel wreath and a swastika.{{Cite news|url=http://www.stawelltimes.com.au/story/4971439/neo-nazi-grampians-camp-used-for-recruitment/|title=Neo-Nazi Grampians camp used for recruitment|last=Martinich|first=Rex|date=6 October 2017|work=The Stawell Times-News|access-date=2017-12-27}} Antipodean Resistance promotes and incites hatred and violence, as illustrated in its anti-Jewish and anti-homosexual posters, with graphic images of shooting Jews and homosexuals in the head. One poster called to "Legalise the execution of Jews."{{cite news|url = https://www.abc.net.au/religion/antipodean-resistance-the-rise-and-goals-of-australias-new-nazis/10094794 |title =Antipodean Resistance: The Rise and Goals of Australia's New Nazis |first = Julie |last = Nathan |publisher=ABC News }}{{cite web|date = 20 April 2017|first = Eden|last = Faithfull|url = http://www.usu.edu.au/News/White-Supremacist-Neo-Nazi-Group-Propaganda-Found.aspx|title = White Supremacist Neo-Nazi Propaganda Found on Sydney University Campus|website = usu.edu.au|publisher = University of Sydney Union|access-date = 5 September 2017|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170905094151/http://www.usu.edu.au/News/White-Supremacist-Neo-Nazi-Group-Propaganda-Found.aspx|archive-date = 5 September 2017}}{{cite news|author=Staff|url = https://www.jewishnews.net.au/hatred-on-our-doorsteps/67585|newspaper = Australian Jewish News|title = Hatred on our doorsteps|date = 17 August 2017|access-date = 5 September 2017|url-status = live|archive-date = 5 September 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170905095020/https://www.jewishnews.net.au/hatred-on-our-doorsteps/67585}}

In 2017, it was reported that ASIO, the Australian national security organisation, was monitoring the group, who were "willing to use violence to further their own interests".{{cite news|first = Jack|last = Houghton|url = https://www.northernstar.com.au/news/asio-tracking-neo-nazi-group-willing-use-violence/3221072|title = ASIO tracking Neo-Nazi group 'willing to use violence'|work = The Northern Star|date = 7 September 2017|access-date = 15 September 2017|archive-date = 29 October 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181029031001/https://www.northernstar.com.au/news/asio-tracking-neo-nazi-group-willing-use-violence/3221072/|url-status = dead}}

Members of the Antipodean Resistance and Lads Society organised the creation of a new group, the National Socialist Network, in 2020.

{{Main|Australian Defence League}}

The Australian Defence League (ADL) is a neo-Nazi street gang. The gang is anti-Islam, and has been involved in making terrorist threats, abusing, stalking and doxxing Muslim Australians. The gang was founded in Sydney in 2009 by recidivist criminal Ralph Cerminara. Cerminara has a significant criminal record, including convictions for assault, high-range drink-driving and breaching apprehended violence orders.{{cite news |last1=White |first1=Alex |title=The pro-white gangs spreading race hate across Australia |url=https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/law-order/the-prowhite-gangs-spreading-race-hate-across-australia/news-story/7384aef1faabe901d9f6937756a76ea8 |website=Herald Sun |date=7 October 2014 |access-date=30 March 2019}}{{cite web |last1=Thompson |first1=Angus |title=Ex-head of Australian right-wing group posted anti-Islamic material online in breach of court order |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/ex-head-of-australian-right-wing-group-posted-anti-islamic-material-online-in-breach-of-court-order-20190320-p515xx.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herals |date=20 March 2019 |access-date=30 March 2019}}

{{Main|Australian Protectionist Party}}

The Australian Protectionist Party (also known as the Party For Freedom) is a minor far-right anti-immigration party, focused on economic protectionism and white nationalism. The Australian Protectionist Party has been active in protesting against the presence of asylum seekers and Muslims, and has also organised several protests against Sharia law being implemented in Australia. The party has unsuccessfully contested a number of elections, failing to secure more than 1% of the vote in any election it has contested.Australian Protectionist Party:

• {{cite web |last1=Purtill |first1=James |title=Meet the man who wants to celebrate the Cronulla riots |url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/programs/hack/meet-the-nick-folkes-who-wants-to-celebrate-the-cronulla-riots/7014848 |website=Triple J Hack |date=9 December 2015 |publisher=ABC |access-date=29 May 2019|ref=none}}
• {{cite web|last=Sally |first=By |url=http://www.news.com.au/national-old/islamist-leader-burhan-hanif-tells-aussie-muslims-told-to-shun-democracy/story-e6frfkvr-1225887784755 |title=Islamist leader Burhan Hanif tells Aussie Muslims to 'shun democracy' |publisher=News.com.au |date=2010-07-05 |access-date=2013-09-13|ref=none}}
• {{Cite news|url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/australian-troops-fair-game-for-muslims-in-war-on-afghanistan-hizb-ut-tahrir-believe/news-story/a8ece4dc4015e88e6c16c1e62c4d3264|title=Muslim radical: Diggers are 'fair game'|date=2011-07-03|website=The Daily Telegraph|location=Australia|access-date=2019-06-08|ref=none|last1=Vollmer|first1=Tim}}
• {{cite news |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/locals-oppose-muslim-school/2008/09/25/1222217430708.html |title=Locals oppose Muslim school |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=26 September 2008 |author=Gibson, Jano |access-date=12 September 2011 |ref=none}}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/elections/nsw/2012/council/?page=Leichhardt |title=2012 NSW Local Council Elections – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=2013-09-13|ref=none}}
• {{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/federal-election-2013/results/senate/nsw/|title=Senate Results: New South Wales – Australia Votes {{!}} Federal Election 2013 (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)|website=ABC News|access-date=2019-06-08|ref=none}}

{{Main|Australia First Party (NSW) Incorporated}}

The Australia First Party (AFP) is a militant white supremacist political party founded in 1996 by Graeme Campbell and currently led by Jim Saleam. The party stands on a nationalist, anti-multicultural and economic protectionist platform. The Party's current platform includes the reintroduction of the White Australia policy and opposition to Chinese immigration.{{cite web |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/racist-pamphlet-targets-africans/2007/08/08/1186530447656.html |title=Racist pamphlet targets Africans – National |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=9 August 2007 |access-date=2010-07-01| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100706184901/http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/racist-pamphlet-targets-africans/2007/08/08/1186530447656.html| archive-date= 6 July 2010 | url-status= live}}{{cite web|url=http://ausfirst.alphalink.com.au/programme.html/cms/|title=The Programme of the Australia First Party|access-date=2006-02-16|publisher=Australia First Party}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}{{cite web|url=https://australiafirstparty.net/our-policies/|title=The Eight Core Policies of the Australia First Party |access-date=11 May 2019 |publisher=Australia First Party}}{{cite news |url =https://www.smh.com.au/nsw-election-2019/right-wing-extremist-makes-election-bid-in-sleepy-nsw-cherry-capital-20190322-p516q4.html|title =Right wing extremist makes election bid in sleepy NSW 'cherry capital'|first=Carrie|last=Fellner|date=22 March 2019|access-date =23 June 2019}}

Campbell was Australia First's leader until June 2001, when he left the party to stand as a One Nation Senate candidate in Western Australia. After serving time in jail for organising the failed attempted assassination of Eddie Funde, Saleam took control of the party and ran as an its candidate for a seat on Marrickville council, New South Wales, claiming "to oppose Marrickville being a Refugee Welcome Zone". Later that year the party formed its youth wing, the Patriotic Youth League. The party contested the 2010 federal election, the 2013 federal election, the 2016 federal election, the 2017 Cootamundra state by-election, the 2018 Longman by-election, and the 2019 New South Wales state election, but failed to poll at more than 2% on any occasion.Election results:

• {{cite news|first=Andrew|last=West|title=White separatist takes on Marrickville|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/02/28/1077677015074.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=29 February 2004|access-date=2006-07-14|ref=none}}
• {{cite web |url=http://australiafirstparty.net/australian-identity/party-formation/ |title=Party Formation |publisher=Australia First Party |access-date=16 May 2018 |ref=none |archive-date=16 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516214209/http://australiafirstparty.net/australian-identity/party-formation/ |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/rightwing-genie-out-of-the-bottle-20090708-ddfk.html|title=Right-wing genie out of the bottle|access-date=2009-07-09|first=Erik|last=Jensen|date=9 July 2009|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|ref=none}}
• [http://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/Party_Registration/Registration_Decisions/3740.htm AEC redirection page – Australian Electoral Commission]
• [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-09-05/bitter-dispute-erupts-over-senate-preferences-in-queensland/4939300 Bitter dispute erupts over Senate preferences in Queensland: ABC 5 September 2013]
• [http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/special-features/alliance-of-micro-parties-boosts-odds-for-likes-of-one-nation-or-shooters-and-fishers-gaining-senate-spot-through-preferences/story-fnho52jp-1226713114765 Alliance of micro parties boosts odds for likes of One Nation or Shooters and Fishers gaining Senate spot through preferences: Daily Telegraph 5 September 2013]
• {{cite news |url=https://www.news.com.au/finance/work/leaders/farrightwing-parties-after-your-vote-on-election-day/news-story/dea024a911e4e5bf2d8d6bb6fbd1f0b0/news-story/dea024a911e4e5bf2d8d6bb6fbd1f0b0 |title=Far-right-wing parties after your vote on election day |author=Murray, Oliver |date=26 April 2016 |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=3 June 2016 |ref=none }}
• {{cite news |url=http://www.penrithcitygazette.com.au/story/3908733/saleam-in-election-16/ |title=Controversial Saleam to stand for Australia First in Lindsay |author=Pollard, Krystyna |date=19 May 2016 |work=Penrith City Gazette |access-date=3 June 2016 |ref=none }}
• {{Cite web|url=https://tallyroom.aec.gov.au/HouseDivisionPage-22694-302.htm|title=House of Representatives division information|website=Australian Electoral Commission|access-date=2018-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817091618/https://tallyroom.aec.gov.au/HouseDivisionPage-22694-302.htm|archive-date=17 August 2018|url-status=dead|ref=none}}
• {{cite news|last=Grey|first=Lachlan|url=http://www.cootamundraherald.com.au/story/4881854/dark-horse-emerges-for-cootamundra-by-election/|title=Australia First leader Jim Saleam to contest Cootamundra by-election in November|work=Cootamundra Herald|date=27 August 2017|access-date=10 September 2017|ref=none}} Saleam's platform included the reintroduction of the White Australia policy and opposition to Chinese immigration.

On 20 March 2019, Australia First member Nathan Sykes was charged with at least eight offences relating to threats he made to a number of journalists.{{cite news|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/police-swoop-on-right-wing-troll-over-alleged-violent-threats-20190321-p51671.html|title=Police swoop on right-wing troll over alleged violent threats|first1=Nick|last1=McKenzie|first2=Richard|last2=Baker|date=22 March 2019|access-date=23 March 2019}}

The Australian Liberty Alliance (ALA), created in 2015, was rebranded as Yellow Vest Australia in 2019. It was a minor political party in Australia, with Debbie Robinson as party president. The party was the political wing of the Q Society. Founded in 2015, the party was anti-Islamic, with policies focusing on Muslim immigration such as enforcing "integration over separation", replacing multiculturalism with an integrated multi-ethnic society and stopping public funding for "associations formed around foreign nationalities". They vowed to "stop the Islamisation of Australia".{{Cite web |url=https://www.australianlibertyalliance.org.au.html |title=australianlibertyalliance |website=australianlibertyalliance.org.au |access-date=2018-11-08 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The party was deregistered in 2020.{{cite news |title=Yellow Vest Australia Voluntary Deregistration |url=https://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/Party_Registration/Deregistered_parties/files/20-21-009-voluntary-deregistration-web-notice-yellow-vest-australia.pdf |work=Australian Electoral Commission}}

{{main|Creativity (religion)}}

The Creativity Movement, self-described as a "church" but in reality an anti-Christian, white supremacist, neo-Nazi organisation, was founded in the United States in 1997 as an offshoot of the 1973 Church of the Creator, and had adherents in Australia until 2010. The group ceased to exist elsewhere in the world by 2020, and the police seized the Creativity Movement website in 2021. The domain name creativitymovement.org is now held by the Creativity Alliance. Founded in 2003 after the arrest of the American Creativity Movement leader, Matt Hale, the Creativity Alliance is an Adelaide-based offshoot of the Church of the Creator, run by Cailen Cambeul.{{cite web | last=Cambeul | first= Cailen | title=2. Rev. Cailen Cambeul | website=The Creativity Alliance – Incorporating Your Church of Creativity | date=17 April 2012 | url=https://creativityalliance.com/articles/awakenings/awakenings-cailen-cambeul/ | access-date=3 April 2021}}{{cite web | last=Cambeul | first=Cailen | title=Modern White Racial Loyalists have Moved on from Fascism | website=The Creativity Alliance – Incorporating Your Church of Creativity | date=1 December 2017| url=https://creativityalliance.com/modern-white-racial-loyalists-have-moved-on-from-fascism/ | access-date=3 April 2021|quote=Updated: 18 September 2018.}}

The Creativity Alliance includes numerous Church of Creativity groups, such as the "Church of Creativity – Victoria", with its now-defunct website stating that it is "A Creativity Alliance website", was operational from at least 2004 until 2017 and has since been blended into the main Creativity Alliance website along with all other regional Church of Creativity websites. The Victorian website stated that it "objects to... Christianity, multiculturalism and Marxism".{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408171526/http://creativityvic.com/|url=http://creativityvic.com/|archive-date=8 April 2017|website=Church of Creativity Victoria|title=Home page}} A 2010 version of the website listed its five core beliefs, including "our Race is our Religion;... the White Race is Nature's Finest; ... Racial Loyalty is the greatest of all honors, and racial treason is the worst of all crimes; ...what is good for the White Race is the highest virtue, and what is bad for the White Race is the ultimate sin; ...[and] that the one and only, true and revolutionary White Racial Religion – Creativity – is the only salvation for the White Race".{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409045732/https://creativityalliance.com/|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 April 2017|url=http://creativityvic.com/|website=Church of Creativity Victoria|title=Home page}}

A Liberal Party campaigner who had been a leading member of the Young Liberals in Geelong, Scott Harrison, was revealed to have been a member of this organisation for six years prior to 2010, but had turned his back on those beliefs. He resigned from the Liberal Party after anti-Semitic articles written by him emerged, including airing a theory that the Port Arthur massacre was master-minded by Jews, as well as a photo of him gesturing with a Nazi salute in front of a swastika.{{cite web | last1=McKenzie | first1=Nick | last2=Baker | first2=Richard | last3=Willingham | first3=Richard | title=Liberal Party campaigner Scott Harrison a former neo-Nazi | website=The Age | date=12 November 2014 | url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/liberal-party-campaigner-scott-harrison-a-former-neonazi-20141112-11l1dx.html | access-date=4 April 2021}}{{cite web | title=Liberal campaigner resigns over neo-Nazi revelations | website=J-Wire | url=https://www.jwire.com.au/liberal-campaigner-resigns-neo-nazi-revelations/|date=13 November 2014 |first= Michelle |last=Coleman | access-date=4 April 2021}}

Some activity by members were reported in Melbourne and the Surf Coast in 2015. In 2011, after stickers advocating "White Power" were found in Victoria, the group was investigated by the state's Multicultural Affairs Minister. The group says it is committed to achieving its aims by non-violent means.

In 2016 the Dingoes were described in a 2016 news report as "young, educated and alternative right", comparing the group to the Identitarian movement in Europe. The group self-described themselves as "politically incorrect larrikins", and one member praised Donald Trump for embodying "white values".{{cite news | last=Craw | first=Victoria | title=The Dingoes are Australia's latest white nationalist movement | newspaper=News.com.au | date=5 December 2016 | url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/online/the-dingoes-claim-to-be-growing-part-of-australian-alternativeright-political-scene/news-story/d6ae348e0e1c6a3189dac86914d538d3 | access-date=2 April 2021}} Members do not reveal their identity.

The Dingoes were mentioned as one of the groups involved in the 2018 infiltration to the NSW Young Nationals (see below). National Party MP George Christensen and One Nation candidate Mark Latham were both was interviewed on the Dingoes podcast, called The Convict Report,{{cite web | last=Begley | first=Patrick | title=Alleged mosque shooter's meme popular with Australian far-right group | website=The Sydney Morning Herald | date=15 March 2019 | url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/alleged-mosque-shooter-s-meme-popular-with-australian-far-right-group-20190315-p514ns.html | access-date=2 April 2021}} but Christensen later said that he would not have done it if he had known about their extremist views. The podcast also featured a New Zealand man who ran the Dominion Movement, who was later arrested for sharing information that threatened NZ security. The group planned a 2018 conference in Sydney, dubbed DingoCon, at which US alt-right figure Mike Enoch of The Right Stuff was invited to speak.{{cite web | last=Davey | first=Melissa | title=US far-right figure Mike Enoch says he will visit Australia for nationalist conference | website=The Guardian | date=14 May 2017 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/may/14/us-far-right-figure-mike-enoch-says-he-will-visit-australia-for-dingoes-conference | access-date=2 April 2021}}

The group posts anti-Semitic and other racist commentary on Twitter, and have used the same meme character as the perpetrator of the 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings. The podcast was shut down after the attack.{{cite web | title=Soldier alleged to have traded military information was leader of white nationalist group | website=Stuff | date=22 January 2020 | url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/118952222/soldier-alleged-to-have-traded-military-information-was-leader-of-white-nationalist-group | access-date=2 April 2021}}

{{Main|Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party}}

Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party was a populist, far-right, white nationalist partyAnning far-right:

• {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/may/10/australian-election-2019-full-list-of-micro-parties-standing-in-the-senate|title=Australian election 2019: how to avoid voting for a terrible micro party in the Senate|work=The Guardian|first=Luke|last=Henriques-Gomez|date=10 May 2019|access-date =6 July 2019|ref=none}}
• {{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/video/2019/mar/16/far-right-australian-senator-fraser-anning-attacks-boy-after-being-egged-video|title=Far-right Australian senator Fraser Anning attacks boy after being egged by him – video|date=2019-03-16|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-04-24|issn=0261-3077|ref=none}}
• {{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/australia/peter-dutton-claims-greens-just-as-bad-as-fraser-anning-on-christchurch-attack/ar-BBUTrlf|title=Peter Dutton claims Greens 'just as bad' as Fraser Anning on Christchurch attack|date=17 March 2019|work=MSN News|ref=none}}
• {{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/fraser-anning-spent-most-taxpayers-money-on-family-travel-last-year-20190320-p515sm.html|title=Fraser Anning spent most taxpayers' money on family travel last year|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=21 March 2019|access-date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330070150/https://www.smh.com.au/national/fraser-anning-spent-most-taxpayers-money-on-family-travel-last-year-20190320-p515sm.html|archive-date=30 March 2019|url-status=live|ref=none}}
• {{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/03/16/asia/australian-senator-fraser-anning-egg-incident/index.html|title=Far-right Australian lawmaker finds himself – literally – with egg on his face|publisher=CNN|date=18 March 2019|access-date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322230139/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/03/16/asia/australian-senator-fraser-anning-egg-incident/index.html|archive-date=22 March 2019|url-status=live|ref=none}}
• {{cite web|url=https://www.asiatimes.com/2019/03/article/the-rise-and-rise-of-australias-right/|title=The rise and rise of Australia's right|work=Asia Times|date=24 March 2019|access-date=5 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329175934/https://www.asiatimes.com/2019/03/article/the-rise-and-rise-of-australias-right/|archive-date=29 March 2019|url-status=live|ref=none}} founded by Fraser Anning in April 2019, when he was a senator for Queensland. Anning had previously been a senator for Pauline Hanson's One Nation and Katter's Australian Party, and sat as an independent before founding the new party. The party contested the 2019 federal election, but failed to win a seat.{{cite web |title=Registration of a political party Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party |url=https://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/party_registration/Registration_Decisions/2019/new-party-application-final-assessment-notice-fraser-annings-conservative-national-party-v2.pdf |website=Australian Electoral Commission |access-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403085015/https://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/party_registration/Registration_Decisions/2019/new-party-application-final-assessment-notice-fraser-annings-conservative-national-party-v2.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2019 |url-status=live}} The party was deregistered on 23 September 2020.{{Cite web|url=https://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/Party_Registration/Deregistered_parties/files/web-notice-to-deregister-fraser-annings-conservative-national-party.pdf|title=Web notice to deregister Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party}}

File:Ashfield Antifascist Lads Society.jpg poster protesting the presence of Lads Society in Ashfield]]

{{Main|Lads Society}}

The Lads Society is a far-right white nationalist extremist group founded by several former members of the United Patriots Front in late 2017, with club houses in Sydney and Melbourne.{{cite journal |last1=Campion |first1=Kristy |title=A 'Lunatic Fringe'? The Persistence of Right Wing Extremism in Australia |journal=Perspectives on Terrorism |date=April 2019 |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=12–13 |url=https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/perspectives-on-terrorism/archives/2019#volume-xiii-issue-2 |access-date=4 May 2019}} The Lads Society came to national prominence after it staged a rally in St Kilda, Victoria, targeting the local African Australian community. Attendees were seen making the Nazi salute and one was photographed brandishing an SS helmet. In 2017, the group's leader Thomas Sewell approached the perpetrator of the Christchurch mosque shootings, Brenton Harrison Tarrant, asking him to join the Lads Society, but Tarrant refused.{{cite web |last1=Begley |first1=Patrick |title=Threats from white extremist group that 'tried to recruit Tarrant' |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/threats-from-white-extremist-group-that-tried-to-recruit-tarrant-20190501-p51j5w.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=May 2019 |publisher=Nine |access-date=7 May 2019}} The group's members and allies attempted to infiltrate the Young Nationals in NSW, and engaged in branch stacking at the May 2018 conference. Lads Society members attained leadership positions in the Young Nationals, but were later forced out of the party.{{cite web |last1=Koziol |first1=Michael |title=Nationals members resign en masse amid investigation into neo-Nazi ties |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/nationals-members-resign-en-masse-amid-investigation-into-neo-nazi-ties-20181031-p50d3m.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=31 October 2018 |publisher=Nine |access-date=4 May 2019}} Canadian alt-right activist Lauren Southern and white nationalist Stefan Molyneux met with Lads Society members during their visit to Australia.{{when|date=April 2021}}{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}

Undated videos leaked to the press in November 2019 revealed Lads Society leader Sewell's aim to attract and recruit members from mainstream society under the guise of a men's fitness club. His white supremacist agenda was clearly shown as he outlined plans which included the creation of "Anglo-European" enclaves in Australian cities, encouraging the "speed and ferocity of the decay" of society to help foment a "race war" by such tactics as exploiting the "African gangs" trope used by Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton and other mainstream politicians.{{cite web | last=McGowan | first=Michael | title=Australian white nationalists reveal plans to recruit 'disgruntled, white male population' | website=The Guardian | date=11 November 2019 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/nov/12/australian-white-nationalists-reveal-plans-to-recruit-disgruntled-white-male-population | access-date=29 August 2020}}

Members of the Lads Society and Antipodean Resistance organised the creation of a new group, the National Socialist Network, in late 2020, and Sewell was one of the organisers of a 2021 group trip to the Grampians in January 2021 (see below).{{cite web | last1=McKenzie | first1=Nick | last2=Tozer | first2=Joel | title=The Australian Neo-Nazi movements going bush: Grampians cross burning spurs call for action | website=The Sydney Morning Herald | date=27 January 2021 | url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/neo-nazis-go-bush-grampians-gathering-highlights-rise-of-australia-s-far-right-20210127-p56xbf.html | access-date=5 April 2021}}

{{main| Love Australia or Leave}}

Love Australia or Leave is a far-right, nationalist political party based in Queensland. It has been registered for federal elections since October 2016,{{cite web |url=http://aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/party_registration/Registered_parties/#partyid1428 |title=Love Australia or Leave |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission |date=12 October 2016 |access-date=1 November 2016}} after being founded by Kim Vuga, who is still the head. The party platform includes opposition to mass immigration and Islam in Australia, and support of Australia leaving the United Nations. The party ran candidates at the 2019 Australian federal election in Queensland, New South Wales and Tasmania, but failed to win any seats.{{cite web |title=House of Representatives and Senate candidates |url=https://www.aec.gov.au/election/candidates.htm |website=2019 Federal Election |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission |access-date=22 May 2019}}

File:NSN Flag.svg

File:National Socialist Network protest, March 2023.png on 18 March 2023]]

{{further|National Socialist Network}}

The National Socialist Network (NSN) was formed by members of the Lads Society and Antipodean Resistance in late 2020. It is a Melbourne-based neo-Nazi group that claims to be active in Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Canberra, Perth and several regional cities, but which would not reveal how many members or associates the group has. It has vowed to bring about a "white revolution" and has openly described Indigenous Australians as "subhuman and monkeys".{{cite news | last=Paynter | first=Jack | title=Alarm at neo-Nazi group expansion across country | newspaper=News.com.au | date=13 October 2020 | url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/online/security/alarm-as-neonazi-group-national-socialist-network-expands-to-adelaide/news-story/a68c9d4aa39ce51120c7ab8e3fdf7035 | access-date=4 April 2021}} They also engage in anti-Semitic and other racist behaviour. Its leader is Thomas Sewell, an ex-Australian army soldier turned neo-Nazi,{{cite web | last1=McKenzie | first1=Nick | last2=Tozer | first2=Joel | title=National Socialist Network cross burning in Grampians sparks calls for group to be added to terror list | website=The Age | date=28 January 2021 | url=https://www.theage.com.au/politics/federal/we-do-not-need-to-wait-for-a-christchurch-grampians-cross-burning-spurs-call-for-action-20210128-p56xer.html | access-date=4 April 2021}} who is also leader of the Lads Society.

The group helped to organise a group of about 38 young white men who paraded Nazi symbolism and shouted offensive slogans in the Grampians region over the Australia Day weekend in January 2021 (see below).

In March 2021, Victoria Police's counter-terrorism command charged Sewell with affray, recklessly causing injury, and unlawful assault after he allegedly punched a security guard working for the Nine Network in Melbourne's Docklands. The alleged assault took place prior to the broadcast of an A Current Affair report about Sewell's organisation.{{cite news |date=3 March 2021 |title=Neo-Nazi group leader charged with assault of Channel Nine security guard |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/neo-nazi-group-leader-charged-over-alleged-assault-on-channel-nine-security-guard-20210303-p577c3.html |newspaper=The Age |location=Melbourne |access-date=3 March 2021}}

The New Guard (not to be confused with the 1930s New Guard mentioned above) was a group with a presence on Facebook between 2015 and 2018. Self-described as fascists, the group's aim was to influence mainstream politics. Their tactics included spreading propaganda about protecting Australia's European identity as well as opening businesses and buying property to create wealth, using this to try to influence the election of state and federal parliamentarians. Part of the group's plans was to create a kind of "pioneer Europa", where people subscribing to such views would live, governed by a sympathetic mayor. The men-only group was revealed to have infiltrated the Young Nationals in New South Wales in late 2018, leading to its demise.{{cite news |first1= Alex |last1= Mann | last2=Nguyen | first2=Kevin | title=Former New Guard insider reveals neo-Nazi group's recruitment tactics | website=ABC News| publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|series=Background Briefing | date=2 April 2021 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-02/insider-shares-neo-nazi-group-s-recruitment-tactics/100040822 | access-date=2 April 2021}}{{cite news | last=Mann | first=Alex | title=Manifesto reveals alt-right's plans to go mainstream after 'infiltration' of NSW Young Nationals| website=ABC News| publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |series=Background Briefing | date=12 October 2018 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-10-13/alt-right-plans-shake-up-of-mainstream-politics-in-australia/10368972 | access-date=2 April 2021}}

{{Main|Patriotic Youth League}}

The Patriotic Youth League (PLY) was a neo-Nazi micro group and the youth wing of the Australia First Party, founded in 2002 by former One Nation activist Stuart McBeth.{{cite web |url=https://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/08/30/1093852185161.html|title= Neo-Nazi link to campus anti-foreigner campaign |work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2 December 2004 |access-date=2010-07-01 }}{{cite web|author1=Adam Bennett|title=Race hate group unstuck|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/National/Race-hate-group-unstuck/2004/12/18/1103312781334.html|date=19 December 2004|access-date=17 May 2018}}{{cite journal|title=A 'Lunatic Fringe'? The Persistence of Right Wing Extremism in Australia|issn= 2334-3745 |date= April 2019|journal= Perspectives on Terrorism| volume= 13|issue =2|last=Campion | first=Kristy|url=https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/29338723/A_Lunatic_Fringe_POT.pdf |access-date=31 March 2021}}. The Patriotic Youth League was mainly active in the northern suburbs of Sydney and Melbourne, and played a large role in the 2005 Cronulla riots. It disbanded in 2006, but was reincarnated as the Eureka Youth League in 2010.

{{Main|Q Society of Australia}}

The Q Society of Australia was a far-right, homophobic and Islamophobic organisation that opposed Muslim immigration and the presence of Muslims in Australian society. Founded in 2010, Q Society referred to itself as "Australia's leading Islam-critical organisation" and stated that its purpose was to fight against the "Islamisation of Australia". The group's events featured extreme homophobia and Islamophobia.Q-Society:

• {{cite web |url=http://www.theage.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/inside-the-far-right-q-society-explosive-dinner-where-muslims-are-fair-game-20170210-gu9xo8.html |title=Inside the far-right Q Society's explosive dinner, where Muslims are fair game |website=The Age |date=10 February 2017|access-date=10 February 2017|ref=none}}
• {{cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/the-australian-liberty-alliance-and-the-politics-of-islamophobia-24225 |title=The Australian Liberty Alliance and the politics of Islamophobia |publisher=theconversation.com |date=12 March 2014|access-date=10 February 2017|ref=none}}
• {{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/revealed-the-secretive-q-societys-battle-against-islam/news-story/1cd6fcff960b7a9ef856b44f1b4e54b2|title=Revealed: The secretive Q Society's battle against Islam|last=Piotrowski|first=Daniel|date=26 June 2014|newspaper=News.com.au|access-date=2 June 2018|ref=none}} Its president was Debbie Robinson, who was also president of the Australian Liberty Alliance (later Yellow Vest Australia).{{cite news|title=Australian Liberty Alliance: Geert Wilders unveils Senate candidates amid warnings over 'blatant racism'|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-21/australian-liberty-alliance-candidates-unveiled-amid-racism-fear/6874336|access-date=21 May 2016|publisher=ABC News |location=Australia|date=22 October 2015}}

On 13 February 2020, the Q Society stated that it would deregister itself due to lack of financial support, effective from 30 June 2020.{{cite web | last=Maley | first=Jacqueline | title=Anti-Islam group Q Society deregisters, fearing lawsuits under religious freedom legislation | website=The Sydney Morning Herald | date=13 February 2020 | url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/q-society-deregisters-fearing-lawsuits-under-religious-freedom-legislation-20200213-p540ip.html | access-date=15 February 2020}}{{cite web | title=Australia's Premier Islam-critical Organisation | website=Q Society of Australia Inc | url=http://www.qsociety.org.au/ | access-date=3 October 2020 | archive-date=3 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003064155/http://www.qsociety.org.au/ | url-status=dead }}

{{Main|Reclaim Australia}}

File:Reclaim Australia rally Sydney April 2015.jpg

Formed in 2015, Reclaim Australia is a loosely associated far-right Australian nationalist protest group which draws support from nationalists, white supremacists, neo-Nazis and other far-right groups, which is primarily focused on opposing Islam. The group held street rallies between 2015 and 2017, and often faced counter-protests from trade unions, human rights and anti-racism activists.{{cite book|author1=Judith Bessant|author2=Rys Farthing|author3=Rob Watts|title=The Precarious Generation: A Political Economy of Young People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKvODgAAQBAJ&pg=PT180|year=2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-28917-3|page=180|ref=none}}{{cite book|author1=Salim Farrar|author2=Ghena Krayem|title=Accommodating Muslims Under Common Law: A Comparative Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y62uDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA33|year=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-96422-3|page=33|ref=none}}{{cite news|last1=Oldham|first1=Sam|title=Reclaim Australia Pins Working Class People Against Each Other. The Only Winners Are Conservative Elites|url=https://newmatilda.com/2015/11/24/reclaim-australia-pins-working-class-people-against-each-other-the-only-winners-are-conservative-elites/|access-date=21 December 2015|issue=Daily|publisher=New Matilda|date=24 November 2015|ref=none}}{{cite web | title=Junk Explained: Who Are Reclaim Australia, What Are They Protesting, And Should We Even Care? | website=Junkee | date=8 April 2015 | url=https://junkee.com/junk-explained-who-are-reclaim-australia-what-are-they-protesting-and-should-we-even-care/54573 | access-date=5 April 2021|first=Meg|last=Watson}} After observing many Reclaim Australia rallies and interviewing participants, author John Safran described it as a loose collective of different groups such as the United Patriots Front and Danny Nalliah's Catch the Fire Ministries.{{cite book |last=Safran |first=John |date=2017 |title=Depends What You Mean By Extremist: Going Rogue with Australian Deplorables |publisher=Penguin Random House Australia |pages=2–4 |isbn=9781926428772 }}

The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO), says that it monitors the group because of its potential for violence.{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Duncan|title=Reclaim Australia in Asio's sights, intelligence chief tells senators|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/oct/19/reclaim-australia-in-asios-sights-intelligence-chief-tells-senators|access-date=19 October 2016|work=The Guardian Australia|date=19 October 2016|ref=none}}

{{Main|Rise Up Australia Party}}

The Rise Up Australia Party was a far-right, Christian political party launched in June 2011.{{Cite journal|last=Hutchinson|first=Jade|date=2019-07-15|title=The New-Far-Right Movement in Australia|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2019.1629909|journal=Terrorism and Political Violence|volume=33|issue=7|pages=1424–1446|doi=10.1080/09546553.2019.1629909|s2cid=199182383|issn=0954-6553}}{{Citation|last1=Peucker|first1=Mario|title=Far-Right Movements in Contemporary Australia: An Introduction|date=2019|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8351-9_1|work=The Far-Right in Contemporary Australia|pages=1–17|editor-last=Peucker|editor-first=Mario|place=Singapore|publisher=Springer|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-981-13-8351-9_1|isbn=978-981-13-8351-9|access-date=2021-04-28|last2=Smith|first2=Debra|s2cid=199313325|editor2-last=Smith|editor2-first=Debra}}{{cite web|url=http://riseupaustraliaparty.com/ |title=Rise Up Australia |website=Riseupaustraliaparty.com |date=2016-08-09 |access-date=2016-08-28}} The party's policy platform was focused on nationalist and fundamentalist Christian values.{{cite news |last1=Layt |first1=Stuart |title='Confronting' Queensland Senate ticket sees far-right on far-left |url=https://www.smh.com.au/federal-election-2019/confronting-queensland-senate-ticket-sees-far-right-on-far-left-20190424-p51gv1.html |access-date=27 April 2019 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=24 April 2019 }} It was opposed to Islam in Australia and opposes same-sex marriage. Its slogan was "Keep Australia Australian". The party was founded and was led by Pentecostal minister Danny Nalliah, who is also the president of Catch the Fire Ministries. Nalliah is originally from Sri Lanka, and has worked and lived in Saudi Arabia with his family. {{Cite web |title=Rise Up Australia » About RUA |url=https://riseupaustralia.com.au/our-leader/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=riseupaustralia.com.au}} The Rise up Australia party opposed multiculturalism, wanted to preserve Australia's "Judeo-Christian heritage", called for cuts to Muslim immigration, and advocated freedom of speech and freedom of religion.{{cite web|url=http://riseupaustraliaparty.com/manifesto |title=Rise Up Australia » Manifesto |website=Riseupaustraliaparty.com |date=2014-06-20 |access-date=2016-08-28}} In the 2013 federal election the party contested seats in most territories and states, and lobbied for changing the name of the immigration department under the Abbott government from immigration and cultural affairs to immigration and border protection.

After the 2019 Australian federal election, on 26 June 2019, the party was voluntarily deregistered by the Australian Electoral Commission.{{cite web |title=Rise Up Australia Party Voluntary Deregistration |url=https://www.aec.gov.au/Parties_and_Representatives/Party_Registration/Deregistered_parties/files/18-19-043-voluntary-deregistration-web-notice-ruap.pdf |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission |access-date=29 June 2019}}

{{Main|Soldiers of Odin}}

Soldiers of Odin (SOO) is an anti-immigrant group founded in Kemi, Finland, in October 2015, in the midst of the European migrant crisis.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-finland-idUSKCN0UR20G20160113|title=Anti-immigrant 'Soldiers of Odin' raise concern in Finland|author=Jussi Rosendahl and Tuomas Forsell|date=13 January 2016|work=Reuters|ref=none}} The

Soldiers of Odin Australia arose out of the Reclaim Australia group, and was registered as a non-profit association with the Victorian government in June 2016. That same year the group ran racially-driven vigilante "safety patrols" around Federation Square, Birrarung Marr and Bourke Street Mall{{cite news|url=http://yle.fi:80/uutiset/osasto/news/soldiers_of_odins_secret_facebook_group_weapons_nazi_symbols_and_links_to_mv_lehti/8749308|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517012354/http://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/soldiers_of_odins_secret_facebook_group_weapons_nazi_symbols_and_links_to_mv_lehti/8749308|url-status=dead|title=Soldiers of Odin's secret Facebook group: Weapons, Nazi symbols and links to MV Lehti|date=16 March 2016|publisher=YLE|archive-date=17 May 2017|ref=none}} and outside city train stations at night to counteract what it claims was the inability of police to protect the public from rising street crime and gangs such as the so-called Apex gang.{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/vigilantestyle-group-soldiers-of-odin-patrolling-melbourne-cbd-20161009-gry51g.html|title=Vigilante-style group Soldiers of Odin patrolling Melbourne CBD|last1=Vedelago|first1=Chris|date=10 October 2016|work=The Age|access-date=22 August 2017|last2=Houston |first2=Cameron}} They also distributed food to homeless people in the city.

Their recruitment rhetoric included exaggerating illegal entry to the country, crime perpetrated by immigrants and the threat of Islamic terrorism, targeting mainly Anglo-Australian men; they also used the "exotic Norse mythology" to attract far-right sympathisers who were willing to take public action.{{cite book | editor-last=Peucker | editor-first=Mario | editor-last2=Smith | editor-first2=Debra | title=The Far-Right in Contemporary Australia | publisher=Springer Singapore |chapter=Far-Right Contestation in Australia: Soldiers of Odin and True Blue Crew| year=2019 | isbn=978-981-13-8350-2 | doi= 10.1007/978-981-13-8351-9_5 |pages=101–125|first=Pam|last=Nilan| s2cid=199297174 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334461933|via =ResearchGate (Full article by request; abstract freely available.)}}

While they attracted significant press coverage in the second half of 2016,{{cite web | last=Elliott | first=Khiara | title=Soldiers of Odin: heroes or vigilantes? | website=CBD News | date=22 October 2016 | url=https://cbdnews.com.au/soldiers-odin-heroes-vigilantes/ | access-date=5 April 2021}}{{cite web | last=Wilson | first=Jason|title=Fear and loathing on the streets: the Soldiers of Odin and the rise of anti-refugee vigilantes| website=The Guardian | date=28 October 2016 | url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/oct/28/fear-and-loathing-on-the-streets-the-soldiers-of-odin-and-the-rise-of-anti-refugee-vigilantes | access-date=5 April 2021}}

{{cite web | title=Melbourne patriot group "Soldiers of Odin" walk streets: Protectors or thugs? | website=The Big Smoke | date=28 November 2016 | url=https://www.thebigsmoke.com.au/2016/11/28/melbourne-patriot-group-soldiers-odin-protectors-thugs/ | access-date=5 April 2021}} their presence seemed to have faded fairly quickly, and by 2020 they were no longer deemed a significant far-right group.{{cite web | title=Reclaim Australia, Five Years Later: Where Are They Now? | website=slackbastard | date=9 April 2020 | url=https://slackbastard.anarchobase.com/?p=46107 | access-date=5 April 2021}}

{{Main|True Blue Crew}}

The True Blue Crew (TBC) is an Australian militant white supremacist group.{{cite web |last1=Smee |first1=Ben |title='Quite frightening': the far-right fringe of the election campaign is mobilising |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/may/04/quite-frightening-the-far-right-fringe-of-the-election-campaign-is-mobilising |website=The Guardian|date=3 May 2019 |access-date=4 May 2019}} Members and supporters have been linked to right-wing terrorism and vigilantism, and members have been arrested with weapons and on terrorism-related charges. Experts who have studied the group say it appears to be "committed to violence".{{cite web|author1=Liam Mannix|author2=Nino Bucci|title=Dutton Turnbull Legitimising Anti Immigrant Vigilantes Say Experts|url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/dutton-turnbull-legitimising-antiimmigrant-vigilantes-say-experts-20180115-h0ikfc.html|work=The Age|access-date=19 March 2017}} The True Blue Crew was formed in 2015 as a splinter group from the anti-Islamic Reclaim Australia group, along with a number of small far-right nationalist groups such as the United Patriots Front.{{cite book|author1=Judith Bessant|author2=Rys Farthing|author3=Rob Watts|title=The Precarious Generation: A Political Economy of Young People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKvODgAAQBAJ&pg=PT180|year=2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-28917-3|page=180}}

In December 2019 a member of True Blue Crew, Phillip Galea, was convicted of terrorism charges relating to planned bombings of the Victorian Trades Hall and other left wing organisations in Melbourne.{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-12-05/phillip-galea-jury-verdict-plot-to-blow-up-buildings/11755432|title=Far-right Australian terror conviction 'a canary in the coalmine', union leader warns|last1=Percy|first1=court reporter Karen|last2=staff|date=2019-12-05|website=ABC News|access-date=2020-02-08}}

{{Main|United Patriots Front}}

The United Patriots Front (UPF) was a far-right extremist group whose membership was composed of neo-Nazis and fundamentalist Christians.{{cite book |last1=Rydgren |first1=Jens |title=The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, United Kingdom |isbn=978-0190274573 |page=661 |edition=First}}Neo Nazi refs:

• {{cite book|author1=Judith Bessant|author2=Rys Farthing|author3=Rob Watts|title=The Precarious Generation: A Political Economy of Young People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKvODgAAQBAJ&pg=PT180|year=2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-28917-3|page=180|ref=none}}
• {{cite book|author1=Salim Farrar|author2=Ghena Krayem|title=Accommodating Muslims Under Common Law: A Comparative Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y62uDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA33|year=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-96422-3|page=33|ref=none}}
• {{cite web |title=Inside the United Patriots Front, Australia's growing far-right anti-Islam movement |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-13/inside-the-united-patriots-front2c-australia27s-growing-far-r/6850486 |work=ABC News |date=13 October 2015 |access-date=7 August 2018|ref=none}} Based in the state of Victoria, UPF was a nationalist anti-Islam organisation that stood in opposition to immigration, opposition to multiculturalism and Islam by demonstrations. It was a splinter group from Reclaim Australia group, formed after a dispute between Shermon Burgess and Reclaim Australia organisers. The group has been described by a number of media outlets and journalists as a hate group, and has claimed solidarity with Golden Dawn.
• {{cite news|last1=Younger|first1=Emma|last2=Oaten|first2=James|title=Far-right nationalists face court over dummy beheading, claim they're on 'political trial'|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-04/united-patriots-front-religious-vilification-dummy-beheading/8868892|access-date=4 September 2017|work=ABC News|publisher=ABC|date=4 September 2017|ref=none}}
• {{cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/national/victoria/fears-rallies-could-lead-to-clashes/story-fnj4aog3-1227376747174 |title=Fears rallies could lead to clashes |work=News.com.au |date=31 May 2015 |access-date=2015-06-15 |ref=none}}
• {{cite news|title=Anti-Islam protesters and anti-racism activists clash in Melbourne|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/in-depth/community-under-siege/anti-islam-protesters-and-anti-racism-activists-clash-in-melbourne/story-fnubfp6c-1227377099888|access-date=15 June 2015|work=The Australian|date=31 May 2015|ref=none}}
• {{cite news|last= Hall|first= Bianca| title= Street fights and 'internet vigilantes': Inside Australia's anti-Islam movement| url= http://www.smh.com.au/national/street-fights-and-internet-vigilantes-inside-australias-antiislam-movement-20151014-gk914v.html| access-date= 9 November 2015| work=The Sydney Morning Herald| date=17 October 2015|ref=none}}
• {{cite news |last=McPherson |first=Tahlia |date=20 September 2015 |title=Albury mosque the next stop for protestors |url=http://www.bordermail.com.au/story/3361311/hostility-to-hit-albury/ |newspaper=The Border Mail |access-date=2 December 2015|ref=none}}
• Patrick Hatch, [http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/farright-antiislam-group-to-rally-at-victorian-parliament-house-20150712-giajz9.html Far-right anti-Islam group to rally at Victorian Parliament House], The Age (12 June 2016). The group was disbanded in 2017. The UPF's leaders went on to form a new, more explicitly White nationalist group, the Lads Society, later that same year.

{{redirect|Squadron 88|other uses|88 Squadron (disambiguation)}}

Another extremist group mentioned in connection with infiltration to the NSW Young Nationals in 2018 (see below) is Squadron 88.

There was a small group called Identity Australia that was formed around March 2019,{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/28/with-links-to-the-christchurch-attacker-what-is-the-identitarian-movement|title=With links to the Christchurch attacker, what is the Identitarian movement|last=Wilson|first=Jason|work=The Guardian|access-date=6 April 2019|date=28 March 2019|quote=Identity Australia appears little more than a grouplet for now}} which described itself as "a youth-focused identitiarian organisation dedicated to giving European Australians a voice and restoring Australia's European character", and published a manifesto detailing its beliefs, but its website is {{as of|lc=yes|April 2021}} non-operational.{{Cite web|url=https://www.identityaustralia.org/manifesto|title=Manifesto Identity Australia|access-date=6 April 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.identityaustralia.org|title=Identity Australia|access-date=6 April 2019}}

Other potentially violent groups active in Australia include the Southern Cross Hammerskins and the Crazy Whiteboys. The latter is a violent anti-Asian, anti-Semitic and anti-African Australian group (also described as skinhead) founded in 2009 in Melbourne. Two of their members were given jail sentences after a particularly vicious and brutal attack on an Asian student in 2012.{{cite web | title=Skinheads jailed for brutal Asian bashing | website=9News | date=12 December 2012 | url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/skinheads-jailed-over-asian-student-attack/0774cfe9-29a4-4256-825a-df6ffd907703 | access-date=4 April 2021}}{{cite web | last=Russell | first=Mark | title=Judges cut jail time for neo-Nazi who attacked Vietnamese student | website=The Age | date=20 August 2013 | url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/judges-cut-jail-time-for-neo-nazi-who-attacked-vietnamese-student-20130820-2s8p2.html | access-date=4 April 2021}}

Other far-right groups whose profiles have varied include the Nationalist Australian Alternative, Australian Traditionalism, and the New National Action.

There is some cross-over between the two groups which call themselves Freemen on the Land (FOTL{{cite news|last=Stocken|first=Shelley|date=8 July 2016|title=The seriously weird beliefs of Freemen on the land|newspaper=News.com.au|publisher=Nationwide News Pty Ltd|location=Australia|url=https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/true-stories/the-seriously-weird-beliefs-of-freemen-on-the-land/news-story/cd91441f8f406a48457d5450b0a264f9|access-date=5 April 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170509200511/http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/true-stories/the-seriously-weird-beliefs-of-freemen-on-the-land/news-story/cd91441f8f406a48457d5450b0a264f9|archive-date=9 May 2017|url-status=live}}) and Sovereign Citizens (and some others), but both have their roots in the American farm crisis and the US/Canadian financial crisis of the 1980s, and their core beliefs may be broadly defined as "see[ing] the state as a corporation with no authority over free citizens".{{cite journal|url=https://skent.ualberta.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Freemen-Internl-J-of-Cultic-Studies.pdf|title=Freemen, Sovereign Citizens, and the Challenge to Public Order in British Heritage Countries|first=Stephen A. |last=Kent|journal= International Journal of Cultic Studies|volume= 6|date=2015|access-date= 5 April 2021 }} In 2011, Malcolm Roberts wrote a letter to then Prime Minister Julia Gillard filled with characteristic sovereign citizen ideas, but denied that he was a "sovereign citizen".{{citation |title= Eyes wide open |last= Vincent |first= Sam |work= The Monthly |date= November 2016 |url= https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2016/november/1477918800/sam-vincent/eyes-wide-open |access-date= January 8, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190723072059/https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2016/november/1477918800/sam-vincent/eyes-wide-open |archive-date= July 23, 2019 |url-status= live }}{{citation |title= One Nation senator Malcolm Roberts wrote bizarre 'sovereign citizen' letter to Julia Gillard |last= Koziol |first= Michael |date= 6 August 2016 |work= The Sydney Morning Herald |url= https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/one-nation-senatorelect-malcolm-roberts-wrote-bizarre-sovereign-citizen-letter-to-julia-gillard-20160804-gqlesa.html |access-date= 8 January 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180313153728/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/one-nation-senatorelect-malcolm-roberts-wrote-bizarre-sovereign-citizen-letter-to-julia-gillard-20160804-gqlesa.html |archive-date= March 13, 2018 |url-status= live }} There have been several court cases testing this concept, none successful for the "freemen".{{cite web | title=Freeman on the land (sovereign citizens) | website=You've entered law land | date=16 September 2016 | url=https://youveenteredlawland.com/freeman-on-the-land-australia/ | access-date=5 April 2021}} Note: This is a blog, but it contains useful links to the cases on Austlii, and summaries written by a lawyer. In 2015, the New South Wales Police Force identified "sovereign citizens" as a potential terrorist threat, estimating that there were about 300 sovereign citizens in the state at the time.{{cite news|last1= Thomas|first1= James|last2= McGregor|first2= Jeanavive|title= Sovereign citizens: Terrorism assessment warns of rising threat from anti-government extremists|url= https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-30/australias-sovereign-citizen-terrorism-threat/6981114|access-date= 4 April 2021|website= ABC News|publisher= Australian Broadcasting Corporation|date= 30 November 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151130183050/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-30/australias-sovereign-citizen-terrorism-threat/6981114|archive-date= 30 November 2015|url-status= live}} There have been a few minor cases where parties have invoked arguments surrounding the "sovereign man", but the arguments have failed.{{cite AustLII|WASC |329|2013| litigants=Agapis v Birmingham DCJ |courtname=auto}}. Sovereign Citizens from the US have undertaken speaking tours to New Zealand and Australia, with some support among farmers struggling with drought and other hardships. A group called United Rights Australia (U R Australia{{cite web | title=U R Australia | website=Facebook | url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Cause/U-R-Australia-239654226107792/about/ | access-date=5 April 2021}}) has a Facebook presence, and there are other websites promulgating Freemen/Sovereign Citizen ideas.{{cite web | first=Jade |last=Hutchinson| title= The 'Right' Kind of Dogma | website=VOX – Pol | date=3 October 2018 | url=https://www.voxpol.eu/the-australian-new-right-movement-online-and-others/ | access-date=5 April 2021}} From the 2010s, there has been a growing number of Freemen targeting Indigenous Australians, with groups with names like Tribal Sovereign Parliament of Gondwana Land, the Original Sovereign Tribal Federation (OSTF){{cite web|url= https://originalsovereigntribalfederation.com/| website=Original Sovereign Tribal Federation |title=Home page| access-date=7 April 2021}} and the Original Sovereign Confederation. Some proponents have conflated sovereign state beliefs with the land rights movement.{{cite journal| journal=The Saturday Paper|url=https://www.thesaturdaypaper.com.au/news/indigenous-affairs/2014/09/06/freemen-movement-targets-indigenous-australia/1409925600| title=Freemen movement targets Indigenous Australia |first=Ramon |last=Glazov|issue= 28| date=6–12 September 2014| access-date=7 April 2021}}

The New Australian Natives' Association.{{Cite web |title=GPAHE report: Far-Right Hate and Extremist Groups in Australia |url=https://globalextremism.org/australia/ |access-date=2023-04-17 |website=Global Project Against Hate and Extremism |language=en-US}} According to its Charter of Principles, the NANA is for "the cultivation of an Australian sentiment based on the maintenance of European-descent ethnic homogeneity; the development in Australia of a self-reliant ethnocentric community existing in parallel to preexisting institutions; and the promotion in Australia of patriarchal family order."

The National Workers Alliance (NWA).{{cite web |first=Gerard|last=Gill |title=Nazis at the salad bar: The National Workers' Alliance and mixed, unclear, and unstable ideology |website=VOX – Pol |date=9 October 2024 |url=https://voxpol.eu/nazis-at-the-salad-bar-the-national-workers-alliance-and-mixed-unclear-and-unstable-ideology/ |access-date=13 November 2024}} The NWA describes itself as an "Australian Nationalist Organisation for the preservation of western culture and identity".{{cite web |title=National Workers Alliance |website=Workers.Org |date=13 March 2024 |url=https://workers.org.au/about-us/ |access-date=13 November 2024}}

{{anchor|noticer}}

The Noticer news website, which launched in early 2024, promises "unbiased" news;{{cite web | last=Nguyen | first=Kevin | last2=Workman | first2=Michael | title=How election candidates are boosting The Noticer, a news site promoting neo-Nazi ideologies | website=ABC News | date=13 April 2025 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-04-14/how-federal-election-candidates-boost-noticer-neo-nazis/105159556 | access-date=19 April 2025| series= ABC News Verify}} its subtitle reads "We notice what other news sites don't".{{cite web | title=About Us | website=The Noticer | date=3 January 2024 | url=https://www.noticer.news/about/ | access-date=19 April 2025| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418000158/https://www.noticer.news/about/| archive-date= 18 April 2025| url-status=live}} The term noticer originated in far-right circles in the US, referring to someone who subscribes to "race science" (a belief that biology underlies racial differences, with whites being superior). In 2023 American far-right writer Steve Sailer published an anthology titled Noticing.{{cite web | last=Breland | first=Ali | title=The Far Right Is Becoming Obsessed With Race and IQ | website=The Atlantic | date=20 August 2024 | url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2024/08/race-science-far-right-charlie-kirk/679527/ | access-date=19 April 2025}}

The Noticer promotes neo-Nazi ideologies, and is popular with National Socialist Network followers. It has published several opinion pieces by prominent neo-Nazi Joel Davis, and others such as NSN leader Thomas Sewell and American white supremacist Jared Taylor have also featured on the site. The website's owners and financial backers are not shown. It purports not to be affiliated with any ideology or movement, but often publishes content relating to extreme-right views, hidden among other news items so that readers do not immediately realise its leaning. It publishes many crime stories, particularly about offences allegedly committed by people of colour. In the lead-up to the 2025 Australian election, candidates and elected officials have shared content from the website, including Senator Ralph Babet, Trumpet of Patriots leader Suellen Wrightson, Family First leader Lyle Shelton, and candidates from both Pauline Hanson's One Nation and the Libertarian Party. Google has started removing ads from pages that breach its policy.

{{further|Bendigo mosque protests}}

In 2014 the City of Greater Bendigo announced the construction of a {{AUD|3}}m mosque and Islamic community centre in Bendigo, Victoria. Some residents created a "Stop the Mosque in Bendigo" group, and certain far-right organisations, in particular the Q Society, mobilised residents and brought in outsiders to oppose the construction by conducting extensive protests.{{cite news|last1=Patrick|first1=Hatch|title=Q Society spreading anti-mosque message in Bendigo|work=The Age|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/q-society-spreading-antimosque-message-in-bendigo-20140622-zshj4.html|access-date=27 August 2014}} In October 2015, around 1,000 people turned up for a protest organised by the United Patriots Front. Members of the extremist group Right Wing Resistance Australia travelled from interstate, and the Rise Up Australia Party was also represented.{{cite news | website=ABC News | title=Bendigo's anti-mosque protest: United Patriots Front nationalist group behind demonstration|first=Madeleine |last=Morris | date=12 October 2015 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-12/who-was-behind-bendigos-anti-mosque-protests/6848468 | access-date=29 March 2021}}

In 2018, it was revealed that the NSW Young Nationals had been infiltrated by a significant number of neo-Nazis and other far-right extremists. Party leader Michael McCormack denounced these attempts, and the leader of the NSW Nationals, John Barilaro, also denounced racism and fascism within the party.{{cite web |title='These guys are crazy': Barnaby Joyce backs 'Nazi' expulsions after backtrack |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/nov/02/barnaby-joyce-sceptical-of-neo-nazi-infiltration-of-nsw-nationals |website=Guardian Australia |date=2 November 2018 |access-date=4 November 2018}}{{cite web |title=Nationals clear man accused of leading alleged neo-Nazi branch stacking |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/oct/31/nationals-clear-man-accused-of-leading-alleged-neo-nazi-branch-stacking |website=Guardian Australia |date=31 October 2018 |access-date=4 November 2018}}{{cite web |last1=Hutchins |first1=Gareth |title=Far right extremists 'not welcome' in Nationals, leader says amid investigation |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/oct/29/far-right-extremists-not-welcome-in-nationals-leader-says-amid-investigation |website=Guardian Australia |date=29 October 2018 |access-date=4 November 2018}}{{cite web |last1=Michael |first1=McGowen |title=NSW Young Nationals expel and suspend members over far-right links |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/oct/15/nsw-young-nationals-expel-and-suspend-members-over-far-right-links |website=Guardian Australia |date=15 October 2018 |access-date=4 November 2018}} The suspected neo-Nazis were expelled from the party and its youth wing. Several of the men who infiltrated the organisation were from the New Guard (see above). The 19 members expelled from the party also included members of the Lads Society, Antipodean Resistance, Squadron 88, and the Dingoes.

{{main|Christchurch mosque shootings}}

Australian far-right terrorist Brenton Harrison Tarrant committed the March 2019 mosque shootings at Al Noor Mosque and Linwood Islamic Centre in Christchurch, New Zealand, killing 51 people and injuring 50 more. Tarrant had expressed support for two Australian far-right organizations, the United Patriots Front and the True Blue Crew online, and repeatedly praised Blair Cottrell, a neo-Nazi and former leader of the UPF, affectionately calling him "Emperor Blair Cottrell" during a celebration of Donald Trump being elected as President of the United States in 2016; he also donated money to the UPF.{{cite web |last1=Begley |first1=Patrick |title=Threats from white extremist group that 'tried to recruit Tarrant' |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/threats-from-white-extremist-group-that-tried-to-recruit-tarrant-20190501-p51j5w.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |publisher=Nine |access-date=7 May 2019|date=2 May 2019}}{{Cite news|last1=Mann|first1=Alex|last2=Nguyen|first2=Kevin|last3=Gregory|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-23/christchurch-shooting-accused-praised-blair-cottrell/10930632|title=Christchurch shooting accused Brenton Tarrant supports Australian far-right figure Blair Cottrell|website=ABC News (Australia)|access-date=14 June 2019|date=23 March 2019}}{{cite news|last1=Nguyen|first1=Kevin|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-10/brenton-tarrant-alleged-christchurch-shooter-sent-death-threat/10952876|title=Christchurch shooter Brenton Tarrant sent death threat two years before attack|website=ABC News (Australia)|access-date=14 June 2019|date=9 April 2019}}

On the Australia Day weekend in January 2021, the National Socialist Network, a new group created by members of the Antipodean Resistance and the Lads Society under Lads leader Thomas Sewell, were observed parading Nazi paraphernalia and harassing bystanders at several locations around the Grampians in Victoria. One Halls Gap resident said: "There were 40 white males, many with skinheads, some chanting 'white power'". They were reported to have chanted "sieg heil" and "white power", burnt a cross, and posted stickers saying "Australia For The White Man".

Concerned citizens reported them to police, who confronted the group and later collected video evidence from security videos. Victoria Police's Counter Terrorism Command and ASIO were notified, and the incident was widely covered in the media. One anti-Semitism expert called for the group to be branded a terrorist group, saying "We know that there is a direct link between incitement, between vilification ... and shooting rampages that we saw not just in Christchurch, but in other places".{{cite news | last=Darling | first=Alexander | title=Calls for cross-burning neo-Nazis camped in The Grampians to be classified as terrorist group | newspaper=ABC News | date=28 January 2021 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-01-28/calls-grampians-far-right-group-labelled-terrorist-organisation/13098762 | access-date=5 April 2021}}

• Fraser Anning (born 1949), former Senator for Queensland (2017–2019) and One Nation member; founder of Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party.
• William Baylebridge (1883–1942), writer and poet, later associated with Stephensen's Australia First Movement.
• Eric Butler (1916–2006), founder of the Australian League of Rights.
• Cailen Cambeul (born 1969), co-founder of the Creativity Alliance related to the Creativity Movement.
• Eric Campbell (1893–1970), Chief Commander of the New Guard, Leader of the Centre Party.
• Graeme Campbell (born 1939), MP (1980–1998) former Labor and One Nation member, founder of Australia First Party.
• Ralph Cerminara, founder of Australian Defence League (ADL).
• Blair Cottrell (born 1989), founding member of United Patriots Front (UPF) and the Lads Society.
• Neil Erikson (born 1985), founding member of United Patriots Front (UPF) and the Lads Society.
• Phillip Galea, former member of the True Blue Crew (TBC); convicted of planning a terrorist attack in 2019.
• Pauline Hanson (born 1954), founder of One Nation, Senator for Queensland (2016–present).Hanson and One Nation described as far-right:
• {{cite journal|last1=Marr|first1=David|date=March 2017|title=The White Queen: One Nation and the Politics of Race|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbdnDgAAQBAJ|journal=Quarterly Essay|issue=65|pages=1–95|isbn=9781863959070|access-date=27 March 2020|ref=none}}
• {{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/political-forces-unite-to-reject-far-right-and-deny-one-nation-preferences-20190318-p5157t.html|title=Political forces unite to reject far right and deny One Nation preferences|last1=Crowe|first1=David|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=18 March 2019|access-date=27 March 2020|ref=none}}
• {{cite web|url=https://www.quarterlyessay.com.au/essay/2016/11/qe65-the-white-queen-paperback/paperback|title=There's no breakout of rightwing populists in Australia because the government already accommodates them|last1=Wilson|first1=Jason|website=The Guardian|access-date=27 March 2020|ref=none}}
• {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/may/01/the-coalition-is-normalising-the-far-right-with-its-one-nation-and-palmer-deals|title=The Coalition is normalising the far right with its pursuit of One Nation and Palmer|last1=Murphy|first1=Katharine|website=The Guardian|date=May 2019|access-date=27 March 2020|ref=none}}
• {{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/rearvision/pauline-hanson-and-the-global-rise-of-the-extreme-right/7839434|title=Pauline Hanson and the global rise of the extreme right|last1=Phillips|first1=Keri|website=ABC RN|date=14 September 2016|publisher=ABC|access-date=27 March 2020|ref=none}}
• Jacob Hersant (born 1998/1999), first person to be charged and convicted of publicly making a Nazi salute in the state of Victoria. Former leader of the National Socialist Network.
• George Hodges Knox (1885–1960), former Nationalist Party, United Australia Party and Liberal Party member, Deputy Chief Commander of the New Guard.
• Danny Nalliah (born 1964), founder and leader of Rise Up Australia.
• Adela Pankhurst (1885–1961), former communist and suffragette turned fascist, co-founder of the fascist Australia First Movement.
• Debbie Robinson, founder and leader of Yellow Vest Australia and director of Q Society.
• Jim Saleam (born 1955), founder of National Action, former National Socialist Party of Australia and One Nation member, leader of Australia First Party.
• Thomas Sewell (born 1993), Australian military man and leader of the National Socialist Network (NSN).
• P. R. Stephensen (1901–1965), co-founder of the fascist Australia First Movement.
• Brenton Harrison Tarrant (born 1990), white nationalist neo-fascist far-right terrorist responsible for the Christchurch mosque shootings in Christchurch, New Zealand.
• Jack van Tongeren (born 1947), founder of the Australian Nationalist Movement.
• Bernard Gaynor, anti-gay activist and Iraq war veteran.{{Cite web |agency=Australian Associated Press |date=2017-08-18 |title=Far-right campaigner Bernard Gaynor fails to overturn dismissal from army |url=http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/aug/18/far-right-campaigner-bernard-gaynor-fails-to-overturn-dismissal-from-army |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}

File:Fraser Anning on The Unshackled Waves.jpg|Fraser Anning

File:Pauline Hanson 2017 05 (cropped).jpg|Pauline Hanson

File:Blair Cottrell at a protest in 2016 (portrait).webp|Blair Cottrell

File:Thomas Sewell 2018.png|Thomas Sewell

{{Portal| Australia | Politics }}

{{columns-list|colwidth=36em|

• Australian nationalism
• Depends What You Mean by Extremist, a 2017 book by John Safran
• Far-right politics
• Far-right terrorism in Australia
• Islamophobia in Australia
• List of white nationalist organizations
• Politics in Australia
• Racism in Australia
• Romper Stomper, a 1992 film about neo-Nazi skinheads in Australia
• Romper Stomper (TV series), a 2018 sequel to the film
• Ustaše in Australia
• Far-right politics in New Zealand

}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite thesis |last=Saleam |first=James |title=The Other Radicalism: An Inquiry Into Contemporary Australian Extreme Right Ideology, Politics And Organization 1975–1995 |publisher=Fisher Library, University of Sydney |location=Sydney, Australia |year=1999 |url=https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/807/1/adt-NU20020222.14582202whole.pdf}}
• {{cite journal|last1=Dean| first1=Geoff |last2=Bell|first2=Peter |last3=Vakhitova|first3= Zarina |date=October 2016|title= Right-wing extremism in Australia: the rise of the new radical right|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307607137| journal= Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism|volume= 11|issue=2|pages=121–142|doi= 10.1080/18335330.2016.1231414|s2cid=151616050}}

• {{cite book |last=Amos |first=Keith |date=1976 |title=The New Guard Movement 1931–1935 |location=Melbourne |publisher=Melbourne University Press |isbn=978-0-522-84092-6 |ref=none}}
• {{cite book|last=Campbell |first=Andrew |date=1978 |title=The Australian League of Rights: a study in political extremism and subversion|location= Collingwood|publisher=Outback Press|isbn=978-0-868-88222-2|ref=none}}
• {{cite book |last1=Cathcart |first1=Michael |date=1988 |title=Defending the National Tuckshop: Australia's Secret Army Intrigue of 1931 |publisher=McPhee Gribble Publishers |location=Melbourne |isbn=978-0869140772 |ref=none}}
• {{cite interview | title=The White Army: Fascism in Australia in the 1930s|last1=Cathcart |first1=Michael |interviewer-first=Philip |interviewer-last=Clark | website=ABC Radio|series=Nightlife|format=Audio | date=16 Mar 2017 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/radio/programs/nightlife/michael-cathcart/8357172}}
• {{cite book |last=Clune |first=David |date=2009 |title=The Governors of New South Wales 1788-2010 |location=Annandale, NSW |publisher=Federation Press |isbn=978-1-86287-743-6 |ref=none}}
• {{cite book |last1=Fleming |first1=Andy |last2=Mondon |first2=Aurelien |editor1-last=Rydgren |editor1-first=Jens |title=The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |chapter=The Radical Right in Australia|ref=none}}
• {{cite book|last=Greason|first=David|date=1994|title=I was a teenage fascist|publisher=McPhee Gribble|isbn=978-0-869-14285-1|ref=none}}
• {{cite book |last=Hagan |first=Jim |date=1991 |title=A History of the Labor Party in New South Wales, 1891-1991 |location=Melbourne |publisher=Longman Cheshire |isbn=978-0-582-86969-1 |ref=none}}
• {{cite book |last=Moore |first=Andrew |date=1989 |title=The Secret Army and the Premier: Conservative Paramilitary Organisations in New South Wales 1930-32 |location=Kensington, NSW |publisher=New South Wales University Press |isbn=978-0-86840-283-3 |ref=none}}
• {{cite book |last=Moore |first=Andrew |date=1995 |title=The Right Road: A history of Right-wing Politics in Australia|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-195-53512-9|ref=none}}
• {{cite book|first=Bruce|last= Muirden|title=The Puzzled Patriots: The Story of the Australia First Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYI_AAAAIAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Melbourne University Press|isbn=9780522839074|ref=none}}
• {{cite book |last=Nairn |first=Bede |date=1986 |title=The "Big Fella": Jack Lang and the Australian Labor Party 1891–1949 |location=Carlton, VIC |publisher=Melbourne University Press |isbn=978-0-522-84406-1 |ref=none}}
• {{cite book | editor-last=Peucker | editor-first=Mario | editor-last2=Smith | editor-first2=Debra | title=The Far-Right in Contemporary Australia | publisher=Springer Singapore |chapter=Far-Right Contestation in Australia: Soldiers of Odin and True Blue Crew| year=2019 | isbn=978-981-13-8350-2 | doi= 10.1007/978-981-13-8351-9_5 |pages=101–125|first=Pam|last=Nilan| s2cid=199297174 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334461933|via =ResearchGate (by request)}}
• {{cite book | editor-last=Peucker | editor-first=Mario | editor-last2=Smith | editor-first2=Debra | title=The Far-Right in Contemporary Australia | publisher=Springer Singapore | year=2019 | isbn=978-981-13-8350-2 | doi=10.1007/978-981-13-8351-9 | s2cid=211346468 }}
• {{cite web | title=Fear, loathing and factions | website=Hate Speech International|first=Øyvind |last=Strømmen| date=20 October 2015 | url=https://www.hate-speech.org/fear-loathing-and-fractioning/ }}
• {{cite book|author= Winter, Barbara|title=The Australia First Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DIjKMoWbSmEC|date=January 2005|publisher=Interactive Publications|isbn=978-1-876819-91-0|ref=none}}

{{Oceania in topic|Far-right politics in}}

{{Australia topics}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Antisemitism in Australia

Category:Fascism in Australia

Category:Political movements in Australia

Category:Neo-Nazism in Australia

Category:Anti-Islam sentiment in Australia

Category:White nationalism in Australia