Federico Ochando

{{Infobox officeholder

|name = Federico Rodrigo Martín Sánchez Ochando y Chumillas

|image = File:General Ochando.jpg

|imagesize =

|caption = Ochando in 1899

|office = Vice President of the Senate of Spain

|term_start = 1901

|term_end = 1902

|predecessor =

|successor =

|term_start2 = 1905

|term_end2 = 1907

|predecessor2 =

|successor2 =

|term_start3 = 1910

|term_end3 = 1911

|predecessor3 =

|successor3 =

|office4 = Senator for life

|term_start4 = 1905

|term_end4 = 1923

|predecessor4 =

|successor4 =

|office5 = Senator of Albacete

|term_start5 = 1898

|term_end5 = 1902

|predecessor5 =

|successor5 =

|term_start6 = 1905

|term_end6 = 1907

|predecessor6 =

|successor6 =

|office7 = Senator of La Habana

|term_start7 = 1896

|term_end7 = 1898

|predecessor7 =

|successor7 =

|office8 = 110th Governor-General of the Philippines

|term_start8 = 1 March 1893

|term_end8 = 4 May 1893

|predecessor8 = Eulogio Despujol y Dusay

|successor8 = Ramón Blanco, 1st Marquis of Peña Plata

|office9 = Deputy of Casas-Ibáñez

|term_start9 = 1879

|term_end9 = 1884

|predecessor9 =

|successor9 =

|term_start10 = 1891

|term_end10 = 1892

|predecessor10 =

|successor10 =

|term_start11 = 1903

|term_end11 = 1905

|predecessor11 =

|successor11 =

|office12 = Deputy of Alcaraz

|term_start12 = 1893

|term_end12 = 1896

|predecessor12 =

|successor12 =

|term_start13 = 1886

|term_end13 = 1890

|predecessor13 =

|successor13 =

|birth_date = 14 March 1848

|birth_place = Fuentealbilla, Albacete, Spain

|death_date = 2 February 1929

|death_place = Madrid, Spain

|resting_place =

|party = Liberal Party

|otherparty =

|spouse = Maria Matilda Valera y Canada

|children = Roman Angel Emeterio Sanchez Ochando y Chumillas

|alma_mater = Academia de Estado Mayor

|profession =

|religion =

|signature =

|allegiance= {{flag|Spain|1879}}

|branch = Spanish Army

|rank= Lieutenant general

|battles= Ten Years' War
Third Carlist War
Cuban War of Independence

|awards= Distinciones de la Cruz Roja Española (Distinguished Spanish Red Cross)
Gran Cruz Roja al Merito Militar (Grand Red Cross of Military Merit)
Gran Cruz de Isabel la Catolica (Order of Isabella the Catholic)
Gran Cruz de San Hermenegildo (Grand Cross of Saint Hermenegild)
Gran Cruz de San Benito de Avis (Grand Cross of Saint Benedict of Aviz)

}}

Federico Rodrigo Martín Sánchez Ochando y Chumillas (14 March 1848 – 2 February 1929) was a Spanish general and politician who served as the 110th Governor-General of the Philippines, Deputy and Senator of Albacete, and Vice President of the Senate of Spain. Ochando was an illustrious and decorated general with a prolific career in politics. As a deputy and a senator, infrastructure projects and improvement of the Spanish military were among his key programs.{{cite web|title=ABC: DOMINGO 3 DE FEBRERO DE 1929. EDICIÓN DE LA MAÑANA. PAG. 25.|url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1929/02/03/025.html|website=DIARIO ABC, S.L.|access-date=4 November 2016}}

Early life and career

Federico Ochando was born of Andres Maria Sanchez Ochando and Ana Catalina Chumillas on 14 March 1848 in Fuentealbilla, Albacete, Spain.{{cite web|title=Federico Rodrigo Martin Sanchez Ochando|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:N33Q-18S|website=Family Search|access-date=3 November 2016}} His brother, Andres Ochando y Chumillas, was a lawyer and would serve as Deputy of Casas-Ibáñez from 1893 to 1896.{{cite book|last1=Varela Ortega|first1=Jose|last2=Armengol i Segu|first2=Josep|title=El poder de la influencia: geografía del caciquismo en España (1875–1923)|date=2001|publisher=Marcial Pons Historia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QY99T3Mg5ykC&q=federico+ochando&pg=PA160|access-date=4 November 2016|isbn=9788425911521}} He married Maria Matilda Valera y Canada and they had a son, Roman Angel Emeterio Sanchez Ochando y Chumillas, who was born in 1867.{{cite web|title=Roman Angel Emeterio Sanchez Ochando Y Chumillas|url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:NS1X-9QV|website=Family Search|access-date=3 November 2016}} His son would also serve as Deputy of Casas-Ibáñez from 1919 to 1920.{{cite book|last1=Sanz Diaz|first1=Benito|title=Caciquismo en la Mancha: Los Ochando en el Partido Judicial de Casas Ibañez|publisher=Almud Historia}} In 1864, Ochando entered the Academia de Estado Mayor and was promoted as alférez in 1867. Two years later, he had the rank of staff lieutenant. He first saw action during the Third Carlist War, when he participated in military campaigns against Carlists in Barcelona, Sant Celoni, and Valencia. He then fought opponents of the Spanish Restoration, which placed Alfonso XII of Spain as king. His participation in the March to Cuba during the Ten Years' War earned him the rank of brigadier general in 1878.{{cite web|title=TENIENTE GENERAL D. FEDERICO OCHANDO CHUMILLAS, DIRECTOR GENERAL DE LA GUARDIA CIVIL (16-03-1899 a 27-07-1901)|url=http://www.benemeritaaldia.org/guardia-civil-benemerita/133-historia-guardia-civil/7052-teniente-general-d-federico-ochando-chumillas-director-general-de-la-guardia-civil-16-03-1899-a-27-07-1901.html|website=Benemerita al dia|access-date=4 November 2016|archive-date=23 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423063652/http://www.benemeritaaldia.org/guardia-civil-benemerita/133-historia-guardia-civil/7052-teniente-general-d-federico-ochando-chumillas-director-general-de-la-guardia-civil-16-03-1899-a-27-07-1901.html|url-status=dead}}

Deputy and Governor

In 1879, he was elected as Deputy of Casas-Ibáñez with 66% of the vote.{{cite web|title=33. Elecciones 20.4.1879 Albacete|url=http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Iniciativas?_piref73_2148295_73_1335437_1335437.next_page=/wc/servidorCGI&CMD=VERLST&BASE=DIPH&FMT=DIPHXDSS.fmt&DOCS=1-1&DOCORDER=FIFO&OPDEF=Y&QUERY=%2881250.NDIP.%29|website=Congreso de los Diputados|access-date=4 November 2016}} In 1881, he was elected as deputy in the same district with 69% of the vote, performing better than his first election.{{cite web|title=34. Elecciones 21.8.1881 Albacete|url=http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Iniciativas?_piref73_2148295_73_1335437_1335437.next_page=/wc/servidorCGI&CMD=VERLST&BASE=DIPH&FMT=DIPHXDSS.fmt&DOCS=2-2&DOCORDER=FIFO&OPDEF=Y&QUERY=%2881250.NDIP.%29|website=Congreso de los Diputados|access-date=4 November 2016}} Ochando would be one of the most notable personalities from the town of Casas-Ibáñez, who was also a leader of the Liberal Party during his political career.{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.xn--casasibaez-09a.es/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=70&Itemid=38|website=Casas Ibañez|access-date=4 November 2016}} In 1886, he would serve as Deputy of Alcaraz, a town in the same province as Casas-Ibáñez. He was elected in the district with 100% of the vote.{{cite web|title=36. Elecciones 4.4.1886 Albacete|url=http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Iniciativas?_piref73_2148295_73_1335437_1335437.next_page=/wc/servidorCGI&CMD=VERLST&BASE=DIPH&FMT=DIPHXDSS.fmt&DOCS=4-4&DOCORDER=FIFO&OPDEF=Y&QUERY=%2881250.NDIP.%29|website=Congreso de los Diputados|access-date=4 November 2016}} He was elected for the third time as Deputy of Casas-Ibáñez in 1891, but there was no record for his vote percentage.{{cite web|title=37. Elecciones 1.2.1891 Albacete|url=http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Iniciativas?_piref73_2148295_73_1335437_1335437.next_page=/wc/servidorCGI&CMD=VERLST&BASE=DIPH&FMT=DIPHXDSS.fmt&DOCS=6-6&DOCORDER=FIFO&OPDEF=Y&QUERY=%2881250.NDIP.%29|website=Congreso de los Diputados|access-date=4 November 2016}} In 1893, he was elected for the second time as Deputy of Alcaraz, again with 100% of the vote.{{cite web|title=38. Elecciones 5.3.1893 Albacete|url=http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Iniciativas?_piref73_2148295_73_1335437_1335437.next_page=/wc/servidorCGI&CMD=VERLST&BASE=DIPH&FMT=DIPHXDSS.fmt&DOCS=7-7&DOCORDER=FIFO&OPDEF=Y&QUERY=%2881250.NDIP.%29|website=Congreso de los Diputados|access-date=4 November 2016}} However, prior to taking his seat as deputy, he was appointed as the 110th Governor-General of the Philippines, replacing Eulogio Despujol y Dusay on 1 March 1893. The dismissal of Despujol was attributed to the new liberal government, with Práxedes Mateo Sagasta as Prime Minister of Spain. One of the notable acts of Ochando was the change of José Rizal's guard. On 16 May 1893, Ricardo Carnicero was replaced by Juan Sitges as district governor. There were rumors that Ochando gave orders to Sitges for tightening Rizal's security and to shoot the prisoner if he escaped. Soon enough, Ramón Blanco, 1st Marquess of Peña Plata assumed office as the new Governor-General of the Philippines in the same year.{{cite web|title=Chronology of Rizal|url=http://myrizal150.com/2011/06/chronology-of-rizal/|website=MyRizal150|date=June 2011 |access-date=7 November 2016}}{{cite book|last1=Guerrero|first1=Leon Maria|title=The First Filipino|date=2010|publisher=Guerrero Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5UU2gSFxgsC&q=federico+ochando&pg=PA394|access-date=7 November 2016|isbn=9789719341871}}

Senator

File:Senator Ochando.jpg

After his return to Spain due to illness, he was appointed military governor of Madrid in 1894 and promoted to the rank of lieutenant general in 1895. The following year, he arrived in Cuba as Valeriano Weyler's chief of staff and participated in the Spanish campaign during the Cuban War of Independence. In the same year, he was elected Senator of La Habana.{{cite web|title=OCHANDO Y CHUMILLAS, FEDERICO|url=http://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/senadohistoria/senado18341923/senadores/fichasenador/index.html?id1=2043|website=Senado de España|access-date=7 November 2016}} In 1897, he returned to Spain and was appointed Captain General of Aragon. In 1898, he was appointed Captain General of Andalusia. In the same year, he was elected as Senator of Albacete, a position he would serve in until 1902. While serving as senator, he was appointed as Inspector General of the Guardia Civil in 1901. In 1903, he was elected for the fourth time as Deputy of Casas-Ibáñez with 85% of the vote.{{cite web|title=43. Elecciones 30.4.1903 Albacete|url=http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Iniciativas?_piref73_2148295_73_1335437_1335437.next_page=/wc/servidorCGI&CMD=VERLST&BASE=DIPH&FMT=DIPHXDSS.fmt&DOCS=9-9&DOCORDER=FIFO&OPDEF=Y&QUERY=%2881250.NDIP.%29|website=Congreso de los Diputados|access-date=7 November 2016}} In the same year, he was appointed Inspector General of the Carabineros. The following year, he was appointed Captain General of Old Castile. In 1905, he was back in the Senate. However, he was not only Senator of Albacete, he was made senator for life (senador vitalicio) by royal decree in 1906. Among his activities as senator include requesting ratings for Ministers of the Crown,{{cite web|title=Ruego pidiendo una relacion nominal de los Ministros de la Corona, desde Mayo de 1902 (1906-12-20).|url=http://www.senado.es/cgi-bin/verdocweb?tipo_bd=HI20&PWIndice=86&Signatura=HIS-1127-27&Contenido=1|website=Senado de España|access-date=7 November 2016}} and propose increasing the benefits for members of the armed forces.{{cite web|title=Proposición de Ley de Don Federico Ochando y otros extendiendo los beneficios del Montepio a los diferentes cuerpos del ejército y de la Armada (1908-05-09).|url=http://www.senado.es/cgi-bin/verdocweb?tipo_bd=HI20&PWIndice=84&Signatura=HIS-0966-10&Contenido=1|website=Senado de España|access-date=7 November 2016}} He requested the Spanish Council of State to report on the conflict between the Ministry of Justice and Ministry of War concerning the salary of a regional officer.{{cite web|title=Petición del informe del Consejo de Estado en la competencia entre los Ministros de la Guerra y de Gracia y Justicia,sobre una retención de sueldo a un Oficial de la 5 región (1908-06-20).|url=http://www.senado.es/cgi-bin/verdocweb?tipo_bd=HI20&PWIndice=86&Signatura=HIS-1127-29&Contenido=1|website=Senado de España|access-date=7 November 2016}} He proposed to provide a pension for General Diego Ollero y Carmona's widow, Teresa Morales Guerrero Estrella, and General Francisco Rizzo y Ramirez's widow, Dolores Goñi y Zangroniz.{{cite web|title=Proposición de Ley de D. Federico Ochando y otros (1907-12-13). Publicado en el "Diario de las Sesiones de Cortes. Senado".|url=http://www.senado.es/cgi-bin/verdocweb?tipo_bd=HI20&PWIndice=86&Signatura=HIS-1192-03&Contenido=2|website=Senado de España|access-date=7 November 2016}}{{cite web|title=Cuatro ejemplares de la proposición de Ley de D. Federico Ochando (1910-07-10). Publicado en el "Diario de las Sesiones de Cortes. Senado".|url=http://www.senado.es/cgi-bin/verdocweb?tipo_bd=HI20&PWIndice=86&Signatura=HIS-1194-12&Contenido=2|website=Senado de España|access-date=7 November 2016}} He proposed the inclusion of the Bonete Road expansion in the general road plan of Spain. The Bonete Road runs from Albacete to Ayora.{{cite web|title=Proposición de Ley incluyendo en el plan general de carreteras una de Bonete a enlazar con la de Ayora a Albacete (1910-07-06).|url=http://www.senado.es/cgi-bin/verdocweb?tipo_bd=HI20&PWIndice=84&Signatura=HIS-0908-06&Contenido=1|website=Senado de España|access-date=7 November 2016}} Ochando was known for his various infrastructure projects in his district during his service as deputy and senator. Another major project undertaken upon Ochando's initiative was the Baeza-Utiel Line, also known as the Baeza-Albacete Line. Planning for the 366-kilometer long railway connecting Baeza and Utiel began in 1926.{{cite book|last1=Cuéllar Villar|first1=Domingo|title=Transportes y desarrollo en el sureste andaluz (1850–1950). Historia económica, empresarial y territorial|publisher=Universidad de Almería|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eA9MOGkujk0C|isbn=9788496419308|year=2007}}{{cite book|last1=Hernández|first1=Ricardo|title=Vías verdes de la Comunitat Valenciana|publisher=Carena Editors|isbn=9788496419308|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eA9MOGkujk0C|year=2007}} He requested the enforcement of the law concerning civilian destination of licensed members of the armed forces.{{cite web|title=Ruego acerca del exacto cumplimiento de la ley de destinos civiles a los licenciados del Ejercito (1910-07-22)|url=http://www.senado.es/cgi-bin/verdocweb?tipo_bd=HI20&PWIndice=86&Signatura=HIS-1127-36&Contenido=1|website=Senado de España|access-date=7 November 2016}} Lastly, he requested financial assistance for the youth to enter military academies.{{cite web|title=Ruego acerca del ingreso en las escuelas militares de los jovenes de cupo de instruccion pobres que quieran asistir (1914-06-22|url=http://www.senado.es/cgi-bin/verdocweb?tipo_bd=HI20&PWIndice=86&Signatura=HIS-1134-46&Contenido=1|website=Senado de España|access-date=7 November 2016}} During his entire career in the Senate, he served thrice as Vice President of the Senate of Spain (1901–1902, 1905–1907, 1910–1911). Meanwhile, from 1907 to 1910, he served as Director-general of the Carabineros, as well as Sub-minister (Undersecretary) of War.

Death

He died on 2 February 1929 in Madrid, Spain. Two days later, the President of the Spanish Senate (Álvaro de Figueroa y Torres) gave a memorial to the late senator. A road, Calle Federico Ochando, was named after him.{{cite web|title=Calle Federico Ochando|url=http://www.streetdir.es/ES/Castilla-La-Mancha/Provincia-De-Albacete/Pozo-Lorente/Strassen/Calle-Federico-Ochando/|website=StreetDir.es|access-date=7 November 2016}}