Senate of Spain
{{Short description|Upper house of the Cortes Generales}}
{{Redirect|Senado}}
{{Infobox legislature
| background_color = #900000
| name = Senate of Spain
| native_name = {{lang|es|Senado de España}}
{{hidden|Co-official languages|{{langx|eu|Espainiako Senatua}}
{{langx|ca|Senat d'Espanya}}
{{langx|gl|Senado de España}}
{{langx|oc|Senat d'Espanha|label=Aranese}}}}
| transcription_name =
| legislature = 15th Senate of Spain
| coa_pic = Coat of Arms of the Senate of Spain.svg
| coa_res = 180px
| coa-pic =
| house_type = Upper house
| foundation = 1834 (disbanded 1923–1977)
1977 (reinstituted)
| body =
| houses =
| voting_system1 = Limited voting (208 seats)
Election by the legislatures of the autonomous communities (57 seats)
| leader1_type = President
| leader1 = Pedro Rollán
| party1 = (PP)
| election1 = 17 August 2023
| leader2_type = First Vice President
| leader2 = Javier Maroto
| party2 = (PP)
| election2 = 17 August 2023
| leader3_type = Second Vice President
| leader3 = Guillermo Fernández Vara
| party3 = (PSOE)
| election3 = 17 August 2023
| leader4_type = Majority leader
| leader4 = Alicia García Rodríguez
| party4 = (PP)
| election4 = 30 November 2023
| leader5_type = Minority leader
| leader5 = Juan Espadas
| party5 = (PSOE)
| election5 = 27 November 2023
| leader6_type =
| leader6 =
| party6 =
| election6 =
| members = 266
| house1 =
| house2 =
| structure1 = Senado de España - XV legislatura.svg
| structure1_res = 280px
| structure2 =
| structure2_res =
| political_groups1 =
Government (93)
- {{Color box|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}}} PSOE (91)
- {{color box|{{party color|Más Madrid}}}} MM (1)
- {{Color box|{{party color|Sumar (electoral platform)}}}} EiFS (1)
- {{Color box|{{party color|Left for Independence}}}} ERC-EH Bildu (11){{efn|
- {{Color box|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}}} ERC (6)
- {{Color box|{{party color|EH Bildu (2023)}}}} EH Bildu (5)}}
- {{Color box|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}}} PNV (5)
- {{Color box|{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2020)}}}} Junts (3)
- {{Color box|{{party color|Gomera Socialist Group}}}} ASG (1)
- {{Color box|{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}}} Compromís (1)
- {{color box|{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}}} BNG (1)
- {{color box|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}}} CCa (1)
- {{color box|{{party color|Geroa Bai}}}} GBai (1)
Opposition (149)
- {{Color box|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}}} PP (144)
- {{Color box|{{party color|Vox (political party)}}}} Vox (3)
- {{Color box|{{party color|Independent Herrenian Group}}}} AHI (1)
- {{Color box|{{party color|Navarrese People's Union}}}} UPN (1)
| political_groups2 =
| committees =
| committees2 =
| joint_committees =
| voting_system2 =
| last_election1 = 23 July 2023
| last_election2 =
| session_room = Hemiciclo del nuevo edificio del Senado de España (2012).jpg
| session_res =
| meeting_place = Palacio del Senado
Centro, Madrid
Kingdom of Spain
| website = {{url|senado.es}}
| rules = [https://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/normas/reglamentootrasnormassenado/detallesreglamentosenado/index.html?lang=en Senate Standing Orders]
| footnotes =
}}
The Senate ({{langx|es|Senado}}) is the upper house of the {{Lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}}, which along with the Congress of Deputies – the lower chamber – comprises the Parliament of the Kingdom of Spain. The Senate meets in the Palace of the Senate in Madrid. The presiding officer of the Senate is the president of the Senate, who is elected by the members at the first sitting after each national election.
The composition of the Senate is established in Part III of the Spanish Constitution. Each senator represents a province, an autonomous city or an autonomous community. Each mainland province, regardless of its population size, is equally represented by four senators; in the insular provinces, the larger islands are represented by three senators and the minor islands are represented by a single senator. Likewise, the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla elect two senators each. This direct election results in the election of 208 senators by the citizens. In addition, the regional legislatures also designate their own representatives, one senator for each autonomous community and another for every million residents, resulting in a total of 58 additional senators.
The Spanish Senate is constitutionally described as a territorial chamber. Consequently, although in general its powers are similar to those of the Congress of Deputies, it is endowed with exceptional powers such as authorising the Government to apply direct rule to a region or to dissolve local government councils.
Intensive debates about reforming the Senate's function and purpose have been going on for many years without any resolution.{{sfn|Division of Powers|loc=paragraph 4}}
History
{{Main|Spanish parliamentarism}}
The first Spanish Constitution, the Spanish Constitution of 1812, established a unicameral legislature; therefore, an upper Chamber did not exist.
The Senate was first established under the Royal Statute of 1834 approved by Queen Regent Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies under the denomination of House of Peers alongside the Deputies of the Realm. Under the constitution of 1837 it was named Senate. Members were royal princes, hereditary nobility and clergy, and one appointed member for every 85'000 inhabitants. The districts were not yet fixed as today the electors were typically wealthy male citizens, selected through a census suffrage system. These electors then proposed a list of three persons to the king, who would choose one senator.{{Cite web |title=Constitución de la Monarquia española de 18 de Junio de 1837 |url=https://www.ub.edu/ciudadania/textos/constituciones/ce1837.htm |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=www.ub.edu}}{{Cite web |title=Ley electoral (20 de julio de 1837) |url=https://www.ub.edu/ciudadania/hipertexto/evolucion/textos/electoral/1837.htm |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=www.ub.edu}} It remained under the regimes of the constitutions of 1845, 1856.
With the glorious revolution 1869 the terna system was abolished, and Senators were elected indirectly. It lastet not long, and with the constitution of 1876 a hybrid model was adopted. Senators were of three main categories: senators by their own right, senators for life appointed by the crown, ex ufficio, or by institiutions (archbishops, etc), and elected senators.
This house, along with the Congress of Deputies, was suppressed after the coup of General Miguel Primo de Rivera in 1923.
After the restoration of democracy during the Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939) the new regime opted for a unicameral system, which was continued under the Francoist dictatorship.
Only after the Spanish transition to democracy in 1977 was the Senate re-established, not any more as upper house, but as regional representation, similar to the US senate and Swiss council of states.
Role
The Spanish parliamentary system is bicameral but asymmetric. The Congress of Deputies has more independent functions, and it can also override most Senate measures. Only the Congress can grant or revoke confidence in the Prime Minister.
Either house may propose an ordinary law (or bill, {{langx|es|proyecto de ley}}). A bill passed by Congress can be amended or vetoed by the Senate in which case the bill is then sent back to the lower house, which can override these objections by an absolute majority vote. Organic laws, which govern basic civil rights and regional devolution, need an absolute majority of both congress and senate to pass.
The process for constitutional amendments is more complicated: the rule is to require a three fifths (60%) of both houses, but if the Senate does not achieve such a supermajority and a joint congress-senate committee fails to resolve the issues, the Congress may force the amendment through with a two-thirds vote as long as an absolute majority of the Senate was in favour. But for some specific types of amendments including those related to most clauses related to human rights, both houses must approve of the amendment by a two thirds vote, and an election must be held and the amendment must pass by a two thirds vote a second time, and if that is approved, the people must vote for the amendment in a referendum by majority vote.
The Senate has certain exclusive functions including
- the appointment of constitutional posts, such as judges of the Constitutional Court or the members of the General Council of the Judiciary;
- disciplining regional governments.{{sfn|The Spanish Constitution|1978|loc=Article 151}} It exercised this power in October 2017 over the region of Catalonia. This decision gave to prime minister Mariano Rajoy the power to remove the regional government and to dissolve the regional legislature, and govern directly from Madrid.
- suspending local governments.{{sfn|Local Government Act|1985|loc=Article 61}} It exercised this power in April 2006, dissolving the Marbella city council when most of its members were found to have engaged in corrupt practices.
Senate reform has been a topic of discussion since the early days of Spanish democracy.
One proposal would advance the federalization of Spain by remaking the Senate to represent the autonomous communities of Spain.
Organization
Senators form groups along party lines. Parties with fewer than ten senators form the Mixed Group. If the membership of an existing group falls below six during a session, it is merged into the Mixed Group at the next session. For example, Coalición Canaria lost its senate caucus in 2008 after electoral losses reduced its group from six to two. The Basque Nationalist Party, falling from seven to four, "borrowed" senators from the ruling Socialist Party to form their group; in exchange, they supported the election of socialist Javier Rojo as President of the Senate.
Legally, 133 seats are required for an absolute majority, vacant seats notwithstanding.
{{PoliticsES}}
Elections to the Senate
To date, senate elections have coincided with elections to the lower house, but the prime minister may advise the king to call elections for one house only.{{sfn|The Spanish Constitution|1978|loc=Section 115}} While the Congress of Deputies is chosen by party list proportional representation, the members of the senate are chosen in two distinct ways: popular election by limited voting and appointment from regional legislatures.
=Directly elected members=
Most members of the senate (currently 208 of 266) are directly elected by the people. Each province elects four senators without regard to population. Insular provinces are treated specially. The larger islands of the Balearics (Baleares) and Canaries (Canarias)—Mallorca, Gran Canaria, and Tenerife—are assigned three seats each, and the smaller islands—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, Gomera, Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma—one each; Ceuta and Melilla are assigned two seats each.{{sfn|The Spanish Constitution|1978|loc=Part III}}{{sfn|Electoral System Act|1985|pages=19110–19134}}
This allocation is heavily weighted in favor of small provinces; Madrid, with its 6.5 million people, and Soria, with 90,000 inhabitants, are each represented by four senators.
In non-insular constituencies, each party nominates three candidates. Candidates' names are organized in columns by party on a large (DIN A3 or larger) ochre-colored ballot called a sábana or bedsheet.
Each voter may mark up to three candidates' names, from any party. This is the only occasion when Spanish voters vote for individuals rather than a party list. Panachage is allowed, but typically voters cast all three votes for candidates of a single party. As a result, the four senators are usually the three candidates from the most popular party and the first placed candidate from the next most popular.
Before 2011, a party could not choose the order of its candidates on the ballot paper; candidates were sorted alphabetically by surname. When a party did not get all three of its candidates elected, this arrangement favored candidates with surnames early in the alphabet. This was the case for 2nd placed parties in every province and for both parties in tight races when voters did not vote for three candidates of the same party (panachage).
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%;" |
| colspan="6" | {{hidden begin|title= Key to parties|contentstyle=font-size:88%; border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}}
{{div col|colwidth=12em}} {{legend|{{party color|EH Bildu (2023)}}|EH Bildu|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Sumar (electoral platform)}}|EiFS|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}|ERC|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}|PSC|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left}}|PSE–EE|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|PSOE|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Gomera Socialist Group}}|ASG|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|PNV|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2020)}}|Junts|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Independent Herrenian Group}}|AHI|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Navarrese People's Union}}|UPN|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|PP|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Independent}}|Ind.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|white|Vacant (*)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{div col end}} {{hidden end}} |
| Autonomous Community
!Provinces ! Senators ! Population (2023) ! Senator/pop.-ratio ! class="unsortable" | Distribution |
|---|
| align=left| Andalusia
|8 | 32 | 8,584,147 | 268,254 | {| style="width:20em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:34.37%; color:white;"| 11 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:65.63%; color:white;"| 21 |
|-
| align=left| Aragon
|3
| 12
| 1,341,289
| 111,774
|
| style="width:7.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;"| 3 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;"| 9 |
|-
| align=left| Asturias
|1
| 4
| 1,006,060
| 251,515
|
| style="width:2.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;"| 3 |
|-
| align=left| Balearic Islands
|1*
| 5{{Efn|3 for Majorca (major island) and 1 for Menorca and Eivissa-Formentera (minor islands).}}
| 1,209,906
| 241,981
|
| style="width:3.125em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Sumar (electoral platform)}}; width:20%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:20%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:60%; color:white;"| 3 |
|-
| align=left| Basque Country
|3
| 12
| 2,216,302
| 184,691
|
| style="width:7.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|EH Bildu (2023)}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 4 | style="background:{{party color|Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 4 | style="background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 4 |
|-
| align=left| Canary Islands
|2*
| 11{{Efn|3 each for Gran Canaria and Tenerife (major islands) and 1 each for El Hierro, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, La Palma and Lanzarote (minor islands).}}
| 2,213,016
| 201,183
|
| style="width:6.875em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:63.63%; color:white;"| 7 | style="background:{{party color|Gomera Socialist Group}}; width:9.09%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|Independent Herrenian Group}}; width:9.09%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:18.18%; color:white;"| 2 |
|-
| align=left| Cantabria
|1
| 4
| 588,387
| 147,096
|
| style="width:2.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;"| 3 |
|-
| align=left| Castile and León
|9
| 36
| 2,383,703
| 66,213
|
| style="width:22.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;"| 9 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;"| 27 |
|-
| align=left| Castilla–La Mancha
|5
| 20
| 2,084,086
| 104,204
|
| style="width:12.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;"| 5 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;"| 15 |
|-
| align=left| Catalonia
|4
| 16
| 7,901,963
| 493,872
|
| style="width:10em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}; width:18.75%; color:white;"| 3 | style="background:{{party color|Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}; width:75%; color:white;"| 12 | style="background:{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2020)}}; width:6.25%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Extremadura
|2
| 8
| 1,054,306
| 131,788
|
| style="width:5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:50%; color:white;"| 4 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:50%; color:white;"| 4 |
|-
| align=left| Galicia
|4
| 16
| 2,699,424
| 168,714
|
| style="width:10em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;"| 4 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;"| 12 |
|-
| align=left| La Rioja
|1
| 4
| 322,282
| 80,570
|
| style="width:2.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;"| 3 |
|-
| align=left| Madrid
|1
| 4
| 6,871,903
| 1,717,975
|
| style="width:2.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;"| 3 |
|-
| align=left| Murcia
|1
| 4
| 1,551,692
| 387,923
|
| style="width:2.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;"| 3 |
|-
| align=left| Navarre
|1
| 4
| 672,155
| 168,038
|
| style="width:2.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:75%; color:white;"| 3 | style="background:{{party color|Navarrese People's Union }}; width:25%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Valencian Community
|3
| 12
| 5,216,195
| 434,682
|
| style="width:7.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 4 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:66.66%; color:white;"| 8 |
|-
| align=left| Ceuta
|N/A
| 2
| 83,052
| 41,526
|
| style="width:1.25em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:100%; color:white;" | 2 |
|-
| align=left| Melilla
|N/A
| 2
| 85,493
| 42,746
|
| style="width:1.25em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:100%; color:white;" | 2 |
|-
| align="left" bgcolor="#e9e9e9" | Total
| bgcolor="#e9e9e9" | 50
| bgcolor="#e9e9e9" | 208
| bgcolor="#e9e9e9" | 48,085,361
| bgcolor="#e9e9e9" | 276,039
| align="center" bgcolor="#e9e9e9" | Source: [http://www.senado.es/web/composicionorganizacion/senadores/composicionsenado/senadoresenactivo/index.html]
|}
=Regional legislatures-appointed members=
The legislative assembly of each autonomous community of Spain appoints a senators to represent the community, with one senator per one million citizens, rounded up.{{sfn|The Spanish Constitution|1978|loc=Article 69(5)}} Demographic growth increased the combined size of the regional appointed senators from 51 to 57 since 1983.
Conventionally, the proportions of the regional senators mimic their legislative assemblies. However, autonomous communities have considerable leeway, and a motion to appoint the regional senators often requires no more than a plurality:
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%;" |
| colspan="6" | {{hidden begin|title= Key to parties|contentstyle=font-size:88%; border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}}
{{div col|colwidth=12em}} {{legend|{{party color|EH Bildu (2023)}}|EH Bildu|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}|BNG|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Más Madrid}}|Más Madrid|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}|Compromís|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}|ERC|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}|PSC|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left}}|PSE–EE|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|PSOE|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Geroa Bai}}|GBai|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|PNV|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2020)}}|Junts|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}|CC|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|PP|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Vox (political party)}}|Vox|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party color|Independent}}|Ind.|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|white|Vacant (*)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{div col end}} {{hidden end}} |
| Autonomous Community
! Population (2023) ! Senators ! Senator/pop.-ratio ! Election ! class="unsortable" | Distribution |
|---|
| align=left| Andalusia
| 8,584,147 | 9 | 953,794 | align=center| 2022 | {| style="width:11.25em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 3 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:55.55%; color:white;"| 5 | style="background:{{party color|Vox (political party)}}; width:11.11%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Aragon
| 1,341,289
| 2
| 670,644
| align=center| 2023
|
| style="width:2.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:50%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:50%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Asturias
| 1,006,060
| 2
| 503,030
| align=center| 2023
|
| style="width:2.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:50%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:50%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Balearic Islands
| 1,209,906
| 2
| 604,953
| align=center| 2023
|
| style="width:2.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:50%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:50%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Basque Country
| 2,216,302
| 3
| 738,767
| align=center| 2024
|
| style="width:3.75em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|EH Bildu (2023)}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Canary Islands
| 2,213,016
| 3
| 737,672
| align=center| 2023
|
| style="width:3.75em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Cantabria
| 588,387
| 1
| 588,387
| align=center| 2023
|
| style="width:1.25em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:100%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Castile and León
| 2,383,703
| 3
| 794,567
| align=center| 2022
|
| style="width:3.75em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:66.67%; color:white;"| 2 |
|-
| align=left| Castilla–La Mancha
| 2,084,086
| 3
| 694,695
| align=center| 2023
|
| style="width:3.75em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:66.67%; color:white;"| 2 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Catalonia
| 7,901,963
| 8
| 987,745
| align=center| 2024
|
| style="width:10em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}; width:12.5%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}; width:37.5%; color:white;"| 3 | style="background:{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2020)}}; width:37.5%; color:white;"| 3 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party of Catalonia}}; width:12.5%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Extremadura
| 1,054,306
| 2
| 527,153
| align=center| 2023
|
| style="width:2.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:50%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|Vox (political party)}}; width:50%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Galicia
| 2,699,424
| 3
| 899,808
| align=center| 2024
|
| style="width:3.75em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:66.67%; color:white;"| 2 |
|-
| align=left| La Rioja
| 322,282
| 1
| 322,282
| align=center| 2023
|
| style="width:1.25em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:50%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Madrid
| 6,871,903
| 7
| 981,700
| align=center| 2023
|
| style="width:8.75em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Más Madrid}}; width:14.29%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:14.29%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:71.42%; color:white;" | 5 |
|-
| align=left| Murcia
| 1,551,692
| 2
| 775,846
| align=center| 2023
|
| style="width:2.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:50%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:50%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Navarre
| 672,155
| 1
| 672,155
| align=center| 2023
|
| style="width:1.25em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Geroa Bai}}; width:50%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align=left| Valencian Community
| 5,216,195
| 6
| 869,365
| align=center| 2023
|
| style="width:6.5em; font-size:80%; text-align:center; font-family:Courier New;" |
| style="font-weight:bold"
| style="background:{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}; width:16.66%; color:white;"| 1 | style="background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 2 | style="background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}; width:33.33%; color:white;"| 2 | style="background:{{party color|Vox (political party)}}; width:16.66%; color:white;"| 1 |
|-
| align="left" bgcolor="#e9e9e9" | Total
| bgcolor="#e9e9e9" | 48,085,361
| bgcolor="#e9e9e9" | 58
| bgcolor="#e9e9e9" | 724,856
| bgcolor="#e9e9e9" |
| align="center" bgcolor="#e9e9e9" | Source: [http://www.senado.es/web/composicionorganizacion/senadores/composicionsenado/senadoresenactivo/index.html]
|}
Composition
{{Main|Parliamentary group (Spain)#Senate}}
The last election was held on 23 July 2023. Following the election, the composition of the 15th Senate was:
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%; border:0px; margin-top:-1px; margin-bottom:0;"
! style="text-align:left;" width="400"| Parliamentary group ! width="50"| Elected ! width="50"| {{abbr|App.|Appointed}} ! width="50"| Total |
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%; border:0px; margin-top:-1px; margin-bottom:0;" | ||
| width="1" bgcolor="{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left" width="387"| People's Party Group in the Senate | width="50"| 120 | width="50"| 24 | width="50"| 144 |
| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%; border:0px; margin-top:-1px; margin-bottom:0;" | ||
| width="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
! style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:#F9F9F9" colspan="2" width="385"| Socialist Group | width="50"| 72 | width="51"| 19 | width="51"| 91 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| style="background:white;" rowspan="4"| | width="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | align="left"| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party | 53 | 14 | 67 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| bgcolor="{{party color|Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}"| | align="left"| Socialists' Party of Catalonia | 12 | 3 | 15 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| bgcolor="{{party color|Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left}}"| | align="left"| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| bgcolor="{{party color|Socialists' Party of Galicia}}"| | align="left"| Socialists' Party of Galicia | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%; border:0px; margin-top:-1px; margin-bottom:0;" | ||
| width="1" bgcolor="#DAC025"|
! style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:#F9F9F9" colspan="2" width="385"| Republican Left–EH Bildu Group | width="50"| 7 | width="51"| 4 | width="51"| 11 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| style="background:white;" rowspan="4"| | width="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}"| | align="left"| Republican Left of Catalonia | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| bgcolor="{{party color|EH Bildu (2023)}}"| | align="left"| EH Bildu | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%; border:0px; margin-top:-1px; margin-bottom:0;" | ||
| width="1" bgcolor="#CCCCCC"|
! style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:#F9F9F9" colspan="2" width="385"| Plural Group in the Senate (JxCat–CC-AHI-BNG) | width="50"| 2 | width="51"| 4 | width="51"| 6 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| style="background:white;" rowspan="4"| | width="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2020)}}"| | align="left"| Together for Catalonia | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| bgcolor="{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"| | align="left"| Galician Nationalist Bloc | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| bgcolor="{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"| | align="left"| Canarian Coalition | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| bgcolor="{{party color|Independent Herrenian Group}}"| | align="left"| Independent Herrenian Group | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%; border:0px; margin-top:-1px; margin-bottom:0;" | ||
| width="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"|
| align="left" width="387"| Basque Group in the Senate | width="50"| 4 | width="50"| 1 | width="50"| 5 |
| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%; border:0px; margin-top:-1px; margin-bottom:0;" | ||
| width="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Sumar (electoral platform)}}"|
! style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:#F9F9F9" colspan="2" width="385"| Confederal Left Group | width="50"| 2 | width="51"| 3 | width="51"| 5 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| style="background:white;" rowspan="5"| | bgcolor="{{party color|Gomera Socialist Group}}"| | align="left"| Gomera Socialist Group | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| width="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Geroa Bai}}"| | align="left"| Geroa Bai | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| bgcolor="{{party color|Sumar (electoral platform)}}"| | align="left"| Pacte Progressista | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| bgcolor="{{party color|Más Madrid}}"| | align="left"| More Madrid | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| bgcolor="{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}"| | align="left"| Commitment Coalition | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%; border:0px; margin-top:-1px; margin-bottom:0;" | ||
| width="1" bgcolor="black"|
! style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:#F9F9F9" colspan="2" width="385"| Mixed Group | width="50"| 1 | width="51"| 3 | width="51"| 4 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| style="background:white;" rowspan="2"| | width="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Vox (political party)}}"| | align="left"| Vox | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| style="background:#EFEFEF;"
| bgcolor="{{party color|Navarrese People's Union}}"| | align="left"| Navarrese People's Union | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:95%; border:0px; margin-top:-1px; margin-bottom:0;" | ||
| width="1" bgcolor="white"|
| width="387" align="left"| Vacant | width="50"| 0 | width="50"| 2 | width="50"| 2 |
| colspan="2" width="385" align="left" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" | Total
| width="50" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" | 208 | width="50" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" | 58 | width="50" bgcolor="#E9E9E9" | 266 |
Committees
{{outdated|date=July 2023}}
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3"| Chair(s) ! Term |
| Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
| width="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Foreign Affairs
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Ibero-American Affairs
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Science, Innovation and Universities
| Francisco Javier de Lucas Martín | bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Constitutional
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| International Cooperation for Development
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Culture and Sport
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Defence
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Rights of Families, Childhood and Adolescence
| María de los Ángeles Luna Morales | bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Economy and Business
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Education and Vocational Training
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Local Administrations
| Miguel Carmelo Dalmau Blanco | bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Public Works
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Civil Service
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| General on Autonomous Communities
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Finance
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Equality
| Josefina Antonia Bueno Alonso | bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Incompatibilities
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Industry, Trade and Tourism
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Home Affairs
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Justice
| Francisco Manuel Fajardo Palarea (PSOE) | bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Nominations
| rowspan="2"| Manuel Cruz | rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | rowspan="2"| PSOE | rowspan="2"| 2019–present |
| Rules |
| Comprehensive Disability Policies
| María Teresa Fernández Molina | bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Petitions
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Budget
| bgcolor="{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | PP | 2019–present |
| Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Petitions by a Court
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Labour, Migrations and Social Security
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
| Ecological Transition
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 2019–present |
Presidents of the Senate of Spain
{{See|President of the Senate of Spain|List of presidents of the Senate of Spain}}
This is a list of the Presidents of the Senate since the reestablishment of the upper house in 1977. To see previous presidents, look the full list of presidents of the Senate.
| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
| colspan=9| |
| colspan=2| Portrait
! Name ! Term of office ! Tenure ! width=125px| Party ! Legislature ! Monarch ! {{Tooltip|{{sup|Ref.}}|Reference}} |
|---|
| bgcolor="{{party color|Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)}}"|
| 75px | Antonio Fontán | class=nowrap| 13 July 1977 | style=font-size:85%;| {{age in years and days|1977|7|13|1979|1|2}} | bgcolor=#DCF8E3| Union of the | bgcolor=#EEEEEE| 1977 Spanish general election | rowspan=13 bgcolor=#EEEEEE| Juan Carlos I | |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)}}"|
| 75px | Cecilio Valverde | class=nowrap| 27 April 1979 | style=font-size:85%;| {{age in years and days|1979|4|27|1982|8|31}} | bgcolor=#DCF8E3| Union of the | bgcolor=#EEEEEE| 1979 Spanish general election | |
| rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| rowspan=2| 75px | rowspan=2| José Federico de Carvajal | rowspan=2 class=nowrap| 18 November 1982 | rowspan=2 style=font-size:85%;| {{age in years and days|1982|11|18|1989|11|2}} | rowspan=2 bgcolor=#FCD8DA| Spanish Socialist | bgcolor=#EEEEEE| 1982 Spanish general election | rowspan=2| |
| bgcolor=#EEEEEE| 1986 Spanish general election |
| rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| rowspan=2| 75px | rowspan=2| Juan José Laborda | rowspan=2 class=nowrap| 21 November 1989 | rowspan=2 style=font-size:85%;| {{age in years and days|1989|11|21|1996|1|9}} | rowspan=2 bgcolor=#FCD8DA| Spanish Socialist | bgcolor=#EEEEEE| 1989 Spanish general election | rowspan=2| |
| bgcolor=#EEEEEE| 1993 Spanish general election |
| bgcolor="{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| 75px | Juan Ignacio Barrero | class=nowrap| 27 March 1996 | style=font-size:85%;| {{age in years and days|1996|3|27|1999|2|8}} | bgcolor=#DAECFA| People's Party | rowspan=2 bgcolor=#EEEEEE| 1996 Spanish general election | |
| rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| rowspan=2| 75px | rowspan=2| Esperanza Aguirre | rowspan=2 class=nowrap| 8 February 1999 | rowspan=2 style=font-size:85%;| {{age in years and days|1999|2|8|2002|10|21}} | rowspan=2 bgcolor=#DAECFA| People's Party | rowspan=2| |
| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#EEEEEE| 2000 Spanish general election |
| bgcolor="{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| 75px | Juan José Lucas | class=nowrap| 22 October 2002 | style=font-size:85%;| {{age in years and days|2002|10|22|2004|1|20}} | bgcolor=#DAECFA| People's Party | |
| rowspan=2 bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| rowspan=2| 75px | rowspan=2| Javier Rojo | rowspan=2 class=nowrap| 2 April 2004 | rowspan=2 style=font-size:85%;| {{age in years and days|2004|4|2|2011|9|27}} | rowspan=2 bgcolor=#FCD8DA| Spanish Socialist | bgcolor=#EEEEEE| 2004 Spanish general election | rowspan=2| |
| bgcolor=#EEEEEE| 2008 Spanish general election |
| rowspan=4 bgcolor="{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| rowspan=4| 75px | rowspan=4| Pío García-Escudero | rowspan=4 class=nowrap| 13 December 2011 | rowspan=4 style=font-size:85%;| {{age in years and days|2011|12|13|2019|5|20}} | rowspan=4 bgcolor=#DAECFA| People's Party | rowspan=2 bgcolor=#EEEEEE| 2011 Spanish general election | rowspan=4| |
| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#EEEEEE| Felipe VI 80px {{small|(2014{{ndash}}present)}} |
| bgcolor=#EEEEEE| 2015 Spanish general election |
| bgcolor=#EEEEEE| 2016 Spanish general election |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| 75px | Manuel Cruz | class=nowrap| 21 May 2019 | style=font-size:85%;| {{age in years and days|2019|5|21|2019|12|2}} | bgcolor=#FCD8DA| Spanish Socialist | bgcolor=#EEEEEE| April 2019 Spanish general election |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| 75px | Pilar Llop | class=nowrap| 3 December 2019 | style=font-size:85%;| {{age in years and days|2019|12|03|2021|07|8}} | bgcolor=#FCD8DA| Spanish Socialist | bgcolor=#EEEEEE| November 2019 Spanish general election |
| bgcolor="{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| 75px | Ander Gil | class=nowrap| 12 July 2021 | style=font-size:85%;| {{age in years and days|2021|07|12|2023|08|16}} | bgcolor=#FCD8DA| Spanish Socialist | bgcolor=#EEEEEE| November 2019 Spanish general election |
| bgcolor="{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| 75px | Pedro Rollán | class=nowrap| 17 August 2023 | style=font-size:85%;| {{age in years and days|2023|08|17}} | bgcolor=#DAECFA| People's Party | bgcolor=#EEEEEE| 2023 Spanish general election |
{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:130 left:20
AlignBars = late
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1977 till:{{#time:d/m/Y}}
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Colors =
id:UCD value:rgb(0.161,0.412,0.161) legend:UCD
id:PSOE value:rgb(0.937,0.094,0.129) legend:PSOE
id:PP value:rgb(0.094,0.525,0.808) legend:PP
Legend = columns:1 left:205 top:35 columnwidth:75
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pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M
text:"Political parties:"
BarData =
barset:PM
bar:Carvajal
bar:Laborda
bar:Barrero
bar:Aguirre
bar:Lucas
bar:Rojo
bar:Escudero
bar:Cruz
bar:Llop
bar:Gil
bar:Rollán
PlotData=
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
barset:PM
from: 13/07/1977 till: 02/01/1979 color:UCD text:"Fontán" fontsize:10
from: 27/04/1979 till: 31/08/1982 color:UCD text:"Valverde" fontsize:10
bar:Carvajal
from: 12/11/1982 till: 23/04/1986 color:PSOE
from: 15/07/1986 till: 02/09/1989 color:PSOE text:"de Carvajal" fontsize:10
bar:Laborda
from: 21/11/1989 till: 12/04/1993 color:PSOE
from: 29/06/1993 till: 09/01/1996 color:PSOE text:"Laborda" fontsize:10
bar:Barrero
from: 27/03/1996 till: 08/02/1999 color:PP text:"Barrero" fontsize:10
bar:Aguirre
from: 08/02/1999 till: 18/01/2000 color:PP
from: 05/04/2000 till: 21/10/2002 color:PP text:"Aguirre" fontsize:10
bar:Lucas
from: 22/10/2002 till: 20/01/2004 color:PP text:"Lucas" fontsize:10
bar:Rojo
from: 02/04/2004 till: 15/01/2008 color:PSOE
from: 01/04/2008 till: 27/09/2011 color:PSOE text:"Rojo" fontsize:10
bar:Escudero
from: 13/12/2011 till: 27/10/2015 color:PP
from: 13/01/2016 till: 03/05/2016 color:PP
from: 19/07/2016 till: 20/05/2019 color:PP text:"García-Escudero" fontsize:10
bar:Cruz
from: 21/05/2019 till: 02/12/2019 color:PSOE text:"Cruz" fontsize:10
bar:Llop
from: 03/12/2019 till: 08/07/2021 color:PSOE text:"Llop" fontsize:10
bar:Gil
from: 12/07/2021 till: 16/08/2023 color:PSOE text:"Gil" fontsize:10
bar:Rollán
from: 17/08/2023 till: end color:PP text:"Rollán" fontsize:10
}}
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{cite act||title=Local Government Act|trans-title=Reguladora de las Bases del Régimen Local|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/l/1985/04/02/7|index=7/1985|date=2 April 1985|language=es|publisher=Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado|ref={{harvid|Local Government Act|1985}}}}
- {{cite web |title=The Spanish Constitution |url=https://www.tribunalconstitucional.es/es/tribunal/normativa/normativa/constitucioningles.pdf |publisher=Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado |access-date=3 June 2024 |language=English |date=1978|ref={{harvid|The Spanish Constitution|1978}}}}
- {{cite act |index=Organic Law 5/1985 |title=Electoral System Act |url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1985/06/19/5/con |date=19 June 1985 |trans-title=Régimen Electoral General| access-date=15 September 2024 |publisher=Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado|language=es|ref={{harvid|Electoral System Act|1985}}}}
- {{cite web | title=Spain - Summary |website=Division of Powers | access-date=July 29, 2024 | publisher = European Committee of the Regions| url= https://portal.cor.europa.eu/divisionpowers/Pages/Spain-intro.aspx |ref={{harvid|Division of Powers}}| language=English }}
External links
- {{Official website|http://www.senado.es}} {{in lang|es}}
{{National upper houses}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord|40|25|14|N|3|42|46|W|source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Senate Of Spain}}