Fenerbahçe, Kadıköy
{{Infobox Turkey place
| type = neighbourhood
| province = Istanbul
| district = Kadıköy
| name = Fenerbahçe
| population_total = 21405
| population_as_of = 2022
| coordinates = {{coord|40|58|28|N|29|02|37|E|display=it|region:TR-34}}
| image_skyline =Flickr - …trialsanderrors - The lighthouse of Fenerbahçe, Constantinople, Turkey, ca. 1899.jpg
| image_caption =A view of Fenerbahçe with the Fenerbahçe Lighthouse
| image_map = Kadıköy location Fenerbahçe.svg
| map_caption = Fenerbahçe location in Kadıköy.
| postal_code = 34726
| area_code = 0216
}}Fenerbahçe is a neighborhood in the district of Kadıköy, Istanbul Province, Turkey.[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Mahalle], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023. Fenerbahçe is located on the Asian side of Istanbul on the shore of the Sea of Marmara. It is bordered by Feneryolu and Göztepe in the northeast, Caddebostan in the southeast, and Zühtüpaşa in the northwest. Its population is 21,405 (2022).{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |access-date=12 July 2023|publisher=TÜİK|language=en|format=XLS}}
Name
The name Fenerbahçe means "lighthouse garden" in Turkish (from fener, meaning "lighthouse," and bahçe, meaning "garden"), referring to the historic Fenerbahçe Lighthouse located in Fenerbahçe.{{Cite web |date=31 March 2017 |last=Tonguç |first=Saffet Emre |title=İstanbul'da Mahalle Kültürünün İzinde: Kalamış ve Fenerbahçe |url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/seyahat/istanbulda-mahalle-kulturunun-izinde-kalamis-ve-fenerbahce-40405305 |access-date=2022-03-12 |website=www.hurriyet.com.tr |language=tr}}
In pre-Byzantine times, the area was known as Hieria (Ίερεία), named for a sanctuary of Hera in the area. (Alternate explanations for the name include "grave" (ήρίον), "air" (άήρ), and "religious ceremony" or "religious festival."{{cite thesis |last=Lortoğlu |first=Nisan |date=2015 |title=Antik Byzantion ve Khalkedon'un Şehircilik Açısından İncelenmesi: Kuruluşlarından Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi'ne Kadar |url=https://nek.istanbul.edu.tr/ekos/TEZ/53248.pdf |degree=master's |publisher=İstanbul Üniversitesi |pages=127–128 |access-date=22 January 2025}}{{cite journal |last1=Karakaya |first1=Enis |date=2021 |title=Bizans Devrinde Fenerbahçe Hiereia |url=https://cdn.vgm.gov.tr/yayin/dergi/restorasyon/restorasyon22.pdf |journal=Restorasyon |issue=22 |publisher=Vakıflar İstanbul I. Bölge Müdürlüğü |pages=35–36 |access-date=22 January 2025}})
Stephanus of Byzantium calls the area Euron or Eurion.{{cite thesis |last=Lortoğlu |title=Antik Byzantion ve Khalkedon'un Şehircilik Açısından İncelenmesi |url=https://nek.istanbul.edu.tr/ekos/TEZ/53248.pdf |pages=127–128}} In the Middle Ages, the area was called Heraion or Hereion.{{cite journal |last1=Karakaya |title=Bizans Devrinde Fenerbahçe Hiereia |url=https://cdn.vgm.gov.tr/yayin/dergi/restorasyon/restorasyon22.pdf |journal=Restorasyon |page=36 }} Gyllius calls the area Euron and Cape of Ioannes Kalamote.{{cite thesis |last=Lortoğlu |title=Antik Byzantion ve Khalkedon'un Şehircilik Açısından İncelenmesi |url=https://nek.istanbul.edu.tr/ekos/TEZ/53248.pdf |pages=127–128}} In early Ottoman times, the area was called Bağçe-i Fener.{{cite journal |last1=Durukan Kopuz |first1=Ayşe |date=2018 |title=İstanbul'da Modern Bir Kentsel Mekân Düzenlemesi: Fenerbahçe Yarımadası |url=http://www.mimarlikdergisi.com/index.cfm?sayfa=mimarlik&DergiSayi=413&RecID=4357 |journal=Mimarlık |issue=399 |publisher=Mimarlar Odası |access-date=22 January 2025}} Patriarch Constantius I wrote that the area's name was Phanaraki, but that Turks called it Fener Baxessi.{{cite book |last=Un philologue et archéologue |first=[Constantius I] |date=1846 |title=Constantiniade, ou Description de Constantinople ancienne et moderne |url=https://restitutio.bcub.ro/storage/item/2023/Jul/constantiniade-ou-description-de-constantinople-ancienne-et-moderne/PKsJVFXTkD8BIT7YVIQPqUkfT5HOHg0OcuA0kLig.pdf |location=Constantinople |publisher=Antoine Coromila et P. Paspalli |translator-last1=M. R. |page=193 |access-date=23 January 2025}}
History
One of the ports of ancient Chalcedon was in Kalamış.{{cite thesis |last=Lortoğlu |title=Antik Byzantion ve Khalkedon'un Şehircilik Açısından İncelenmesi |url=https://nek.istanbul.edu.tr/ekos/TEZ/53248.pdf |page=133}} Emperor Justinian I built a palace with a harbor here, porticoes for a forum, a public bath, and churches dedicated to the Virgin Mary, Procopius the Martyr, and a St. Helios the Thesbiste. Emperor Heraclius later also resided here.{{cite encyclopedia |last=Mango |first=Cyril |date=1991 |title=Hieria |url=https://archive.org/details/the-oxfrod-dictionary-of-byzantium-vol.-1-oup-1991/The%20Oxfrod%20Dictionary%20of%20Byzantium_Vol.%202_OUP_1991/page/926/ |encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium |volume=2 |page=929 |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=22 January 2025}}{{cite book |title=Constantiniade |url=https://restitutio.bcub.ro/storage/item/2023/Jul/constantiniade-ou-description-de-constantinople-ancienne-et-moderne/PKsJVFXTkD8BIT7YVIQPqUkfT5HOHg0OcuA0kLig.pdf |page=194}} The Council of Hieria was convened here by Constantine V in 754 to promote the emperor’s iconoclasm.{{cite encyclopedia |last=Papadakis |first=Aristeides |date=1991 |title=Hieria, Local Council of |url=https://archive.org/details/the-oxfrod-dictionary-of-byzantium-vol.-1-oup-1991/The%20Oxfrod%20Dictionary%20of%20Byzantium_Vol.%202_OUP_1991/page/926/ |encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium |volume=2 |page=929 |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=22 January 2025}} Basil I restored the imperial palace, resided here, and built a chapel dedicated to Elijah. Constantine Porphyrogenitus rebuilt the palace, which remained until at least 1203.{{cite encyclopedia |last=Mango |title=Hieria |url=https://archive.org/details/the-oxfrod-dictionary-of-byzantium-vol.-1-oup-1991/The%20Oxfrod%20Dictionary%20of%20Byzantium_Vol.%202_OUP_1991/page/926/ |encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium}}{{cite book |title=Constantiniade |url=https://restitutio.bcub.ro/storage/item/2023/Jul/constantiniade-ou-description-de-constantinople-ancienne-et-moderne/PKsJVFXTkD8BIT7YVIQPqUkfT5HOHg0OcuA0kLig.pdf |page=194}}
In the 16th century, the Ottomans began building in the area, converting the grounds of the Byzantine palace into an imperial garden, much work being done by the architect Sinan. A small imperial mosque was built during the reign of Selim I. A palace was also built including a main building (kasır), a smaller building, outbuildings, a tower, and a small mosque.{{cite thesis |last=Gököz |first=Gülen |date=2013 |title=Fenerbahçe Semtinde 19. Yüzyılda İnşa Edilen Sayfiye Köşklerinin İncelenmesi ve Koruma Sorunları Üzerine Bir Araştırma |url=https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/386527 |pages=7–8 |location=İstanbul |publisher=Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi |access-date=23 January 2025}}
In 1562, Sultan Süleyman gave permission for Kapıağası Yakup Ağa to construct a lighthouse (fânûs) here. Its lamp burned olive oil. In 1849, the tower was rebuilt taller. In 1856, a more modern lighthouse was built.{{cite journal |last1=Nemlioğlu Koca |first1=Yasemin |date=2018 |title=Denizlerimizi Aydınlatanlar: Türkiye'de Fenerlerin Kuruluşu ve Gelişimi |url=https://jag.journalagent.com/jems/pdfs/JEMS-95867-FULL_TEXT-NEMLIOGLU_KOCA.pdf |journal=Journal of ETA Maritime Science |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=106, 108, 111 |doi=10.5505/jems.2018.95867 |access-date=23 January 2025}}{{cite web |date=2024 |title=Fenerbahçe Deniz Feneri |url=https://kulturenvanteri.com/tr/yer/fenerbahce-deniz-feneri/#17.1/40.968145/29.032051 |website=Kültür Envanteri |access-date=23 January 2025}} In the 18th century, Fenerbahçe was known as a place of punishment (infaz) and was the port from which those sentenced to exile were sent off.{{cite thesis |last=Gököz |title=Fenerbahçe Semtinde 19. Yüzyılda İnşa Edilen Sayfiye Köşklerinin İncelenmesi |date=6 August 2018 |url=https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/386527 |page=9|publisher=Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü }} In the mid-19th century, the road connecting the area to Kadıköy narrow and in very poor condition. The main inhabitants were a few Greek and Armenian fishing families.{{cite thesis |last=Gököz |title=Fenerbahçe Semtinde 19. Yüzyılda İnşa Edilen Sayfiye Köşklerinin İncelenmesi |date=6 August 2018 |url=https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/386527 |page=10|publisher=Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü }}
In the 1870s, the population of the neighborhood was small, consisting mostly of Ottoman minorities and foreigners, and most of the land belonged to four foreign families: the French Jewish Levantine Oppenheim family, the Swiss Levantine Semadeni family, the Swiss-French Levantine Cingria family, and the German Müller family. People in the social circles of these families and later wealthy Levantines, Greeks, and Armenians built houses on these lands.{{cite thesis |last=Gököz |title=Fenerbahçe Semtinde 19. Yüzyılda İnşa Edilen Sayfiye Köşklerinin İncelenmesi |date=6 August 2018 |url=https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/386527 |pages=9, 32, 33, 54, 104, 117, 121, 132, 140|publisher=Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü }}{{cite web |date= |title=Levantine Houses of Fenerbahçe |url=https://www.levantineheritage.com/fenerbahce1.html |website=Levantine Heritage |publisher=Levantine Heritage Foundation |access-date=24 January 2025}}
In 1873, a railway branch line was opened from Feneryolu to Fenerbahçe. Train service continued till 1928. The station building was demolished in 1936.{{cite web |date=2024 |title=Fenerbahçe Tren İstasyonu |url=https://kulturenvanteri.com/tr/yer/fenerbahce-tren-istasyonu/#17.1/40.971177/29.044303 |website=Kültür Envanteri |access-date=23 January 2025}}
Namesakes
The neighborhood gave its name to Fenerbahçe S.K., the professional sports club based in the area.{{cite web |title=Tarihçe |url=https://www.fenerbahce.org/kulup/tarihce |website=Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü |publisher=Fenerbahçe SK |access-date=22 January 2025}} The home stadium of the club, Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium, stands just outside the Fenerbahçe neighborhood.{{cite web |title=Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi |url=https://www.fenerbahce.org/kulup/tesislerimiz/ulker-stadyumu-fenerbahce-sukru-saracoglu-spor-kompleksi |website=Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü |publisher=Fenerbahçe SK |access-date=22 January 2025}}
The Fenerbahçe Education, Culture, and Health Foundation's Fenerbahçe University is located in the Ataşehir district of Istanbul.{{cite web |title=Tarihçe |url=https://www.fbu.edu.tr/universitemiz/tarihce |website=Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi |access-date=22 January 2025}}
File:FenerbahceStatue_20230102.jpg athletes who lost their lives in the wars fought during the establishment of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkish state, is located in this region, the hometown of Fenerbahçe.]]
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Kadıköy District}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fenerbahce, Kadikoy}}