Fethiye

{{Infobox Turkey place

| type = metro district

| name = Fethiye

| image_skyline = Fethiye Town in Daylight (cropped).jpg

| image_caption =

| image_map = Districts of Province Muğla.png

| map_caption = Map showing Fethiye District in Muğla Province

| image_logo = Fethiye Belediyesi logo.svg

| coordinates = {{coord|36|39|5|N|29|7|23|E|region:TR|display=inline,title}}

| province = Muğla

| leader_party = CHP

| leader_name = Alim Karaca{{cite web |url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/secim/31-mart-2019-yerel-secimleri/fethiye-mugla-secim-sonuclari |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405032954/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/secim/31-mart-2019-yerel-secimleri/fethiye-mugla-secim-sonuclari |archive-date=5 April 2019 |title=2019 Muğla Fethiye Election Results - Turkey's March 31 Local Elections}}

| leader_name1 =

| area_total_km2 = 875

| elevation_m =

| population_footnotes =

| population_total = 177702

| population_as_of = 2022

| postal_code = 48300

| area_code = 0252

| website = {{url|https://www.fethiye.bel.tr/}}

}}

Fethiye ({{IPA|tr|ˈfethije}}) is a municipality and district of Muğla Province, Turkey.[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023. Its area is 875 km²,{{cite web|url=https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx|title=İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri|publisher=General Directorate of Mapping|access-date=19 September 2023}} and its population is 177,702 (2022).{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |access-date=19 September 2023|publisher=TÜİK|language=en|format=XLS}} It is one of the prominent tourist destinations in the Turkish Riviera. It was formerly known as Makri, and Meğri.

History

File:Fethiye by Piri Reis.jpg]]

Fethiye was formerly known as Makri ({{Langx|el|Μάκρη}}). Modern Fethiye is located on the site of the ancient city of Telmessos, the ruins of which can be seen in the city, e.g. the Hellenistic theatre by the main quay.

A Lycian legend explains the source of the name Telmessos as follows: The god Apollo falls in love with the youngest daughter of the King of Phoenicia, Agenor. He disguises himself as a small dog and thus, gains the love of the shy, withdrawn daughter. After he reappears as a handsome man, they have a son, who they name 'Telmessos' (the land of lights).{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}}

The city became part of the Persian Empire after the invasion of the Persian general Harpagos in 547 BC, along with other Lycian and Carian cities. Telmessos then joined the Attic-Delos Union (Delian League) established in mid-5th century BC. and, although it later left the union and became an independent city, it continued its relations with the union until the 4th century BC. {{Citation needed|date=February 2017}}

File:Lycian sarcophagus in ancient Telmessos.jpg.]]

Very little is known of the city during the Byzantine times. Surviving buildings attest to considerable prosperity during late Antiquity, but most were abandoned in the 7th–8th centuries due to the Arab-Byzantine Wars. {{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} The city was fortified in the 8th century, and appears as "Telmissos or Anastasioupolis" ca. 800. By the 10th century, the ancient name was forgotten and it became known as Makre or Makri (Μάκρη, "long one"), from the name of the island at the entrance to the harbour.Diana Darke, Guide to Aegean and Mediterranean Turkey, M. Haag, 1986, 296 pages. Page 165, [https://books.google.com/books?id=GCQEG97wu2MC&q=Makri+population+exchange The town grew considerably at the end of the 19th century, and until the exchange of Greco-Turkish populations in 1923 it had a large Greek population. Its name at that time was Makri in modern Greek.] There are signs of renewed prosperity in the 12-13th centuries: the city walls were enlarged, a report from 1106 names Makre a centre for perfume production, and geographical works from the 13th century describe the city as a commercial center. The area fell to the Turks in the late 12th or early 13th century.{{cite encyclopedia | last1 = Foss " |first1=Clive | last2 = Kazhdan | first2 = Alexander P. | title = Makre | pages = 1271–1272 | editor-last = Kazhdan | editor-first = Alexander P. | editor-link = Alexander Kazhdan | encyclopedia = Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium | location= New York; Oxford | publisher = Oxford University Press | year=1991 | isbn=978-0-19-504652-6}}

Telmessos was ruled by the Anatolian beylik of Menteşe starting in 1284, under the name Beskaza.

It became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1424, and was called مكرى Meğri until 1934.Tahir Sezen, Osmanlı Yer Adları, Ankara 2017, T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü Yayın No: 26 [http://devletarsivleri.gov.tr/varliklar/dosyalar/eskisiteden/yayinlar/genel-mudurluk-yayinlar/osmanli_yer_adlari.pdf#page=280 s.v. Fethiye, Meğri, pp. 270, 539] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305221756/https://www.devletarsivleri.gov.tr/varliklar/dosyalar/eskisiteden/yayinlar/genel-mudurluk-yayinlar/osmanli_yer_adlari.pdf#page=280 |date=5 March 2023 }}

From 1867 until 1922, Meğri was part of the Aidin Vilayet of the Turkish Empire. The town grew considerably in the 19th century, and had a large Greek population at that time. Following the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, the Greeks of Makri were sent to Greece where they founded the town of Nea Makri (New Makri) in Greece. The town was resettled with Turks from Greece. At nearby Kayaköy, formerly Levissi, the abandoned Greek Orthodox church is still standing.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

In 1934, the city was renamed Fethiye in honor of Captain {{Ill|Fethi Bey (pilot)|lt=Fethi Bey|de}}, one of the first pilots of the Ottoman Air Force, who died (together with First Lieutenant {{Ill|Sadık Bey|lt=Tayyareci Sadık Bey|tr}}) during an airplane crash on 27 February 1914 near Al-Samra, while attempting to complete the first flight from Istanbul to Cairo.[http://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2014/03/17/letter-kibbutz-haon-fallen-flyers/ Letter from Kibbutz Ha’On: Fallen Flyers] Hadassah Magazine, 17 March 2014

On 3 August 1953, Air France Flight 152, while en route from Rome to Beirut, ditched into the Gulf of Fethiye off Kızılada. Of the 8 crew and 34 passengers on board, four drowned. The survivors were hosted by the residents during their stay in the town.{{cite web |url=http://aviatechno.net/constellation/suivi_matricule.php?mat=F-BAZS |publisher=Avio Techno |title=F-BAZS – Constellation Air France |language=fr |access-date=13 January 2016 }}{{cite journal |url=http://www.bea.aero/docspa/1953/f-zs530803/pdf/f-zs530803.pdf |journal= Journal Officiel de la République Française |title=Rapport d'Enquête sur l'accident survenu à Fethiye (Turquie) le 3 aoǜt 1953, à l'avion Lockheed 749 A – F.BAZS, de la Compagnie Air France |language=fr |date=16 March 1954 |pages=149–154 |access-date=13 January 2016 }}{{cite news |url=http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/Arsiv/1953/08/31 |newspaper=Milliyet |title=Fethiye açıklarında denize inen Fransız yolcu uçağı |author=Selener, Necdet |date=31 August 1953 |language=tr |access-date=13 January 2016 |archive-date=25 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125061530/http://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/Arsiv/1953/08/31 |url-status=dead }}

Fethiye has experienced many powerful and occasionally destructive earthquakes, most notably the 1957 Fethiye earthquakes on 24–25 April with 67 casualties and 3,200 damaged or destroyed buildings, which constituted 90% of the buildings in the entire city.{{cite web|url=http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/sismo/Depremler/tLarge1.htm|title=Significant Earthquakes in Turkey, 1947 – 1970|publisher=Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Center, Istanbul – Turkey|access-date=25 February 2011}} The town has been rebuilt since then and now has a modern harbor and a marina.

On 14 January 1969, Fethiye was struck by an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2, which caused no deaths, but there were some injuries and significant damage to buildings.{{Cite web |url=http://www.erdemyerbilimleri.com.tr/depremdurumu.pdf%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjSgau548rzAhUZSvEDHaDhDWAQFnoECAMQAQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw3fJyg8Cb9uX0uzSppBF9rf |title=Fethiye ilçesinin deprem durumu |publisher=www.erdemyerbilimleri.com.tr |access-date=2021-10-14 |language=tr |archive-date=1 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201110056/http://www.erdemyerbilimleri.com.tr/depremdurumu.pdf%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjSgau548rzAhUZSvEDHaDhDWAQFnoECAMQAQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw3fJyg8Cb9uX0uzSppBF9rf |url-status=dead }}

On 10 June 2012, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.1, struck Fethiye. There was no loss of life, but there were some injuries and many houses and workplaces were damaged.{{Cite web |url=http://www.ensonhaber.com/akddenizde-61-siddetinde-deprem-2012-06-10.html |title=Akdeniz'de 6.1 şiddetinde deprem |access-date=2014-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102051627/https://www.ensonhaber.com/akddenizde-61-siddetinde-deprem-2012-06-10.html |archive-date=2019-01-02 |url-status=dead|language=tr}}

Tourism

Fethiye is one of Turkey's well-known tourist centers and is especially popular during the summer. The Fethiye Museum, which is rich in ancient and more recent artifacts, displays and testifies to the successive chain of civilizations that existed in the area, starting with the ancient Lycians.

Some of the historical sites worth visiting are: Kadyanda (Cadyanda) ancient city, Kayaköy - the abandoned Greek village, Afkule, Gemiler and Aya Nikola. Fethiye is also home to the Tomb of Amyntas, a large tomb built in 350 BC by the Lycians.{{cite web |last=Berens |first=Kallie |title=Fethiye Tomb in the Mountainside |url=http://mysendoff.com/2011/06/fethiye-tomb-in-the-mountain-side/ |work=Mysendoff.com |access-date=19 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021135323/http://mysendoff.com/2011/06/fethiye-tomb-in-the-mountain-side/ |archive-date=21 October 2011 |url-status=dead }}

The most popular tourist towns of Fethiye are: Ölüdeniz, Çalış Beach area, Hisarönü and Ovacık, Fethiye. Butterfly Valley is in the Fethiye district.

The island of Kızılada in the Gulf of Fethiye, {{convert|4|mi|km|abbr=on}} off the city,{{cite news |url=http://www.haberler.com/kizil-ada-yesile-burunecek-5532189-haberi/ |newspaper=Haberler |title=Kızıl Ada Yeşile Bürünecek |date=11 January 2014 |language=tr |access-date=16 January 2016 }} is a popular stopover for boat tours. Alternatively, there are great diving sites, Afkule being one of the most famous.{{cite news |url=http://eniyion.hurriyet.com.tr/default.aspx?mekanID=231&siraID=3514&hID=5090357&mKat=2 |newspaper=Hürriyet |title=Fethiye-Ölüdeniz-Kızılada-Fethiye |language=tr |access-date=16 January 2016 }} The Kızılada Lighthouse on the island houses a seafood restaurant and a hostel with nine rooms.{{cite news |url=http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2007/09/30/pz/haber,10178160825145CC821C17F08DA34B86.html |newspaper=Sabah |title=Kızıl Ada'nın feneri, gezgin midelerin yeni gözdesi oldu |date=30 September 2007 |language=tr |access-date=16 January 2016 }}

File:Fethiye 2020-03-15-4.jpg|Marina of Fethiye

File:Fethiye bay by oldypak lp photo.jpg|alt=Fethiye bay by Oldypak lp photo Smirnov|Fethiye bay

File:Tomb of Amyntas.jpg|The Tomb of Amyntas in Fethiye.

File:The_Lycian_Way_-_2014.10_-_panoramio.jpg|Ölüdeniz Beach in Fethiye District

File:Kelebekler Vadisi (1).jpg|Butterfly Valley is a popular tourism destination in Fethiye District

File:Telmessos Antique Theatre.jpg|Telmessos Theatre – the sign on site says it was late Hellenistic, with stage added in {{Circa|200 AD}}, abandoned with the city, excavated in 1992–95, and with seating capacity for 6,000 spectators on 28 rows.

Composition

There are 41 neighbourhoods in Fethiye District:[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Mahalle], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.

Akarca
Babataşı
Bozyer
Cami
Çamköy
Çatalarık
Çenger
Çiftlik
Cumhuriyet
Eldirek
Esenköy
Faralya
Foça
Göcek
Gökben
Gökçeovacık
İncirköy
İnlice
Karaağaç
Karacaören
Karaçulha
Karagedik
Karagözler
Karakeçililer
Kargı
Kayaköy
Kesikkapı
Kızılbel
Koruköy
Menteşeoğlu
Nif
Ölüdeniz
Patlangıç
Pazaryeri
Söğütlü
Taşyaka
Tuzla
Yakacık
Yanıklar
Yeni
Yeşilüzümlü

Climate

Fethiye has a Mediterranean climate consisting of hot, long and dry summers with an average of 34 °C (93 °F) in the daytime. Climate change is affecting the temperatures with the summers becoming hotter and drier than previously. The winters are mild and rainy with a daytime average of 16 °C (61 °F).

The classification for the climate of Fethiye is Csa (Köppen)Meteocorne [http://www.meteocorne.it/plugins/climateClassification/koppen.php] and Csal (Trewartha)Meteocorne [http://www.meteocorne.it/plugins/climateClassification/trewartha.php]

{{Weather box

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|location = Fethiye

|width = auto

|Jan high C= 16.0

|Feb high C= 16.3

|Mar high C= 18.9

|Apr high C= 22.0

|May high C= 26.4

|Jun high C= 31.4

|Jul high C= 34.3

|Aug high C= 34.4

|Sep high C= 31.3

|Oct high C= 26.5

|Nov high C= 21.1

|Dec high C= 17.2

|Jan low C= 5.3

|Feb low C= 5.7

|Mar low C= 7.2

|Apr low C= 10.1

|May low C= 13.8

|Jun low C= 17.6

|Jul low C= 20.3

|Aug low C= 20.2

|Sep low C= 16.9

|Oct low C= 13.1

|Nov low C= 9.1

|Dec low C= 6.6

|Jan precipitation mm = 159.8

|Feb precipitation mm = 128.4

|Mar precipitation mm = 80.1

|Apr precipitation mm = 49.0

|May precipitation mm = 25.8

|Jun precipitation mm = 4.8

|Jul precipitation mm = 3.1

|Aug precipitation mm = 2.6

|Sep precipitation mm = 17.6

|Oct precipitation mm = 66.7

|Nov precipitation mm = 123.3

|Dec precipitation mm = 174.1

|Jan rain days= 12.1

|Feb rain days= 11.3

|Mar rain days= 9.0

|Apr rain days= 8.0

|May rain days= 4.4

|Jun rain days= 2.2

|Jul rain days= 1.4

|Aug rain days= 1.6

|Sep rain days= 2.5

|Oct rain days= 5.7

|Nov rain days= 8.3

|Dec rain days= 12.1

|Jan sun= 145.7

|Feb sun= 156.8

|Mar sun= 213.9

|Apr sun= 237.0

|May sun= 300.7

|Jun sun= 342.0

|Jul sun= 359.6

|Aug sun= 344.1

|Sep sun= 294.0

|Oct sun= 244.9

|Nov sun= 165.0

|Dec sun= 127.1

|source 1= Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü[http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=FETHIYE İl ve İlçelerimize Ait İstatistiki Veriler- Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü]. Dmi.gov.tr. Retrieved on 16 April 2011. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010220516/http://www.dmi.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=FETHIYE |date=10 October 2011 }}

|date= February 2011

}}

Transport

Dalaman Airport serves the Fethiye areas. The most common type of public transportation in Fethiye and nearby area is minibus, commonly known in Turkey as dolmuş (dol-moosh) and numerous routes connect Fethiye with Ölüdeniz, Yaniklar, Kargi, Hisaronu, Ovacik, Seydikemer, Karaçulha.

Areas

The overall metropolitan area of the city of Fethiye stretches inland from the harbor for more than 11 km, incorporating several villages into the city. To the north of the city center is the area of Çalış Plajı (Beach), which incorporates the main street of Barış Manço Bulvarı alongside an extensive promenade along the coast, on which a lot of hotels are based. This beach serves as Fethiye's beach in its own right, since Fethiye does not actually have one itself. To the east, lie the areas of Günlükbaşı, Çamköy, Cumhuriyet, and also Esenköy to the south-east. The city center is defined as the area between the Marina and the Fethiye Market near the football stadium. Approximately 4 km to the south-west and south respectively, lie the towns of Kayaköy and Ölüdeniz, the latter being world-famous for its beach spit and associated Blue Lagoon. The opportunity for paragliding is available from the mountain of Babadağ in Ölüdeniz, from various extreme sports companies located in the area.

Gallery

File:Fethiye 2020-03-15-3.jpg|A view from central Fethiye

File:Fethiye Museum 5655.jpg|Fethiye Museum Ceramic

File:Fethiye museum 7003.jpg|Gold ceremonial bowl

File:Fethiye museum 6999.jpg|Gold laurel wreath

File:Fethiye museum 7008.jpg|Bilingual inscription

File:Fethiye museum 7017.jpg|Dolls

File:Fethiye Museum 5644.jpg|Kakasbos

File:Fethiye museum 7019.jpg|Lagynos

File:Fethiye museum 7022.jpg|Hadrian statue

File:Fethiye museum Girl with bird 2nd century in 2016 7042.jpg|Girl statue

File:Fethiye museum 7050.jpg|Letoon temple floor decoration

File:Lycian Sarcophagus Fethiye - Mugla - Asia Minor, Turkey - πρώην Μάκρη, Μικρά Ασία, Τουρκία - panoramio.jpg|Lycian rock tomb in Fethiye (4th century BCE)