Fiat Croma

{{Infobox automobile

| name = First generation

| image = 1989 Fiat Croma i.e. (11822029275).jpg

| caption = 1989 Fiat Croma

| production = 1985–1996

| designer = Giorgetto Giugiaro at Italdesign

| platform = Tipo Quattro{{cite web |url=http://fiat-tipo-portugal.com/curiosidades.htm |title=Curiosidades Tipo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305183446/http://fiat-tipo-portugal.com/curiosidades.htm |archive-date=5 March 2012 |publisher=Fiat Tipo Portugal |access-date=30 December 2013}}

| body_style = 5-door liftback

| engine = {{ubl

|Petrol:

| 1585 cc 154A.048 I4

| 1995 cc Twin Cam I4

| 2492 cc Alfa Romeo V6

|Diesel:

| 1929 cc Fiat 124 Series turbo I4

| 2445 cc Sofim 8144.91 I4

| 2499 cc Sofim 8144.67/97 turbo I4

}}

| transmission =

| wheelbase = {{convert|2660|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}

| length = {{convert|4495|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}

| width = {{convert|1755|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}

| height = {{convert|1425|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}

| weight = {{convert|1095|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} approx

| related = {{ubl

|Saab 9000

|Lancia Thema

|Alfa Romeo 164

}}

| predecessor = Fiat Argenta

| successor =

| assembly = Italy: Mirafiori, Turin

| model_code = 154

}}

File:1987 Fiat Croma CHT rear.jpg

The original Croma (Type 154) was a five door notchback liftback styled by Giorgetto Giugiaro of Italdesign using the Type Four platform, cooperatively used with the Saab 9000, Lancia Thema and Alfa Romeo 164.{{cite web|url=http://www.classicandperformancecar.com/front_website/octane_interact/carspecs.php/?see=4015 |title=Octane Model Specs |publisher=Classicandperformancecar.com |access-date=1 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311215248/http://www.classicandperformancecar.com/front_website/octane_interact/carspecs.php/?see=4015 |archive-date=11 March 2012 }}

Released in December 1985, it was marketed in the large family car segment, replacing the Argenta in the Fiat lineup. The Croma was the first large car produced by Fiat to feature a transverse mounted engine and front wheel drive.Autocar Test Update 19 August 1987

File:Fiat Croma front 20080118.jpg

File:Fiat Croma rear 20080118.jpg

The Croma received a light facelift for 1988, first shown in Frankfurt in September 1987. The black plastic between the rear lamps was now ridged rather than smooth, the lower portion of the bumpers were body coloured, and the turn signals received clear glass rather than amber.{{cite journal |first=Giancarlo |last=Baghetti |title=Che diesel volete? |trans-title=Which diesel do you want? |page=19 |journal=Auto Oggi |volume=2 |number=54 |publisher=Arnoldo Mondadori Editore |location=Verona, Italy |date=17 December 1987 |language=it}}

The front appearance received some other light modifications to bring its appearance in line with that of the recently introduced Tipo.{{cite magazine | magazine = Quattroruote | title = Le nostre "stelle" | trans-title = Our "stars" | language = it |date=January 1989 | volume = 34 | issue = 399 | publisher = Editoriale Domus | location = Milan, Italy | editor-first = Raffaele | editor-last = Mastrostefano | pages = 90–91 }}

A more significant facelift was released in January 1991, with a new front design, including changes to the lights, bumpers, grille and sheet metal changes to wings and bonnet. Also in 1991, the direct injected diesel engine was equipped with a variable geometry turbocharger ("VNT").{{cite web |url=http://turbo.honeywell.com/why-choose-honeywell/turbo-pioneer/ |title=Turbo Pioneer |website=honeywell.com |access-date=22 January 2014 |archive-date=4 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504125633/http://turbo.honeywell.com/why-choose-honeywell/turbo-pioneer/ |url-status=dead }} Another facelift was released in June 1993.

Production ended in December 1996, and Fiat left the large family car segment. The Bravo/Brava based Marea small family car debuted at the same time as the Croma ceased production.

The Croma was available with a variety of petrol and diesel engines, most of the petrol units coming from Fiat's Twin Cam engine family.

Base models had a single cam 1,585 cc four-cylinder engine rated at {{cvt|83|hp-metric|kW|0}} and the larger 1,995 cc, "Controlled High Turbulence" (CHT) engine rated at {{cvt|90|hp-metric|kW|0}}, followed by two fuel injected 2.0 litre twin cam powerplants, one with {{cvt|120|hp-metric|kW|0}} and the other a turbocharged and intercooled version rated at {{cvt|155|hp-metric|kW|0}}.

The later 2.5 L V6 petrol unit was from Alfa Romeo, but as with the 1.6 L engine it was not available in all markets. The 2.0 CHT model was designed specifically to provide low fuel consumption under light and medium loads thanks to two separate inlet manifolds of different diameters.{{cite journal | title = Fiat Croma: En quête d'image | trans-title = On a quest for image | journal = L'Automobile Magazine | page = 34 | first = Jean-Claude | last = Letrou | issn = 0758-6957 |date=January 1986 | language = fr | location = Neuilly-sur-Seine, France | publisher = Societé des Editions Techniques et Touristiques de France }}

The Fiat Croma was the first passenger car in the world to have a direct injection Diesel (Turbo D i.d.) engine, going on sale in 1988.{{cite web|url=http://www.fiat.com/com/air-technologies|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808202040/http://www.fiat.com/com/air-technologies|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 August 2013|title=Air technologies - Heritage|work=fiat.com}} The 1.9 L fitted with a turbocharger with direct injection produces {{cvt|92|hp-metric|kW|0}}. It joined the 2,499 cc unit supplied by Iveco, with a normally aspirated version giving {{cvt|75|hp-metric|kW|0}} and a turbocharged one with {{cvt|115|hp-metric|kW|0}}. The latter version replaced the original 2,445 cc with {{cvt|100|hp-metric|kW|0}}.

Diesel engined variants of the Croma were not marketed in the United Kingdom.

{|

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| valign="top"|

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{{Infobox automobile

| name = Second generation

| image = 2006 Fiat Croma 1.9 Multijet 150HP 2.JPG

| production = 2004{{cite web|url=https://www.pekidi.com/navi?FORCED=TRUE&COUNTRY=1&LANGUAGE=3&GUI_LANG=3&SAVE_PARAM=LANGUAGE&UPRS_TOKEN=&CHASSIS_NO=ZFA19400002000003&COMM_MODEL=NCRO&ENGINE_NO=0000015&VEHICLE_NO=02000016&YEAR=2004&MONTH=7&DAY_OF_MONTH=30&COLOUR=000&COLOUR_EXT=&MAKE=F&SBMK=F&MVS=194.742.0.0&CAT_COD=2T&GRP_COD=&PART=&PART_COD=&SGRP_COD=&SGS_COD=&CPDNUM=&DRW_NUM=&KEY=GROUP&|title=FIAT ePER VIN: ZFA19400002000003|website=pekidi.com|access-date=26 September 2024}}–2010 (LHD){{cite web |url=http://www.autoedizione.nl/2011/01/17/fiat-croma-uit-productie-het-einde-van-een-tijdperk/ |title=Fiat Croma uit productie; het einde van een tijdperk |website=autoedizione.nl |date=17 January 2011 |language=nl |access-date=6 April 2011}}
2005–2007{{cn|date=January 2025}} (RHD)

| assembly = Italy: Cassino, Frosinone

| designer = Giorgetto Giugiaro at Italdesign

| platform = GM Epsilon platform

| body_style = 5-door wagon

| related = Cadillac BLS
Opel Signum
Opel Vectra
Saab 9-3

| engine =

| transmission = 5- and 6-speed manual
6-speed automatic

| wheelbase = {{convert|2700|mm|in||abbr=on}}

| length = {{convert|4755|mm|in||abbr=on}}
{{convert|4783|mm|in||abbr=on}} (facelift)

| width = {{convert|1775|mm|in||abbr=on}}

| height = {{convert|1600|mm|in||abbr=on}}

| weight =

| predecessor =

| successor = Fiat Freemont

| sp = uk

| model_code = 194

}}

File:CROMAarr.JPG

In March 2005, Fiat introduced the second generation Croma: a large high-roof, six passenger, crossover wagon with an upright tailgate, with styling by Italdesign.

Reflecting Fiat's short term joint venture with General Motors, the new Croma, internally designated the Type 194, used an extended variant of the GM Epsilon platform sharing components with the Opel Vectra, Opel Signum and Saab 9-3. It was presented at the Geneva Motor Show in spring 2005 and went on sale in Italy in June of that year.

Aware of its lack of image in the upper market segments, Fiat opted for developing a "Comfort Wagon",[http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/carreviews/firstdrives/56228/fiat_croma.html Car Reviews: First Drives: Fiat Croma] - Autoexpress an automobile with design elements of both estates and large MPVs, instead of developing a standard large family car like the previous model.

Its height of {{Convert|1600|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} falls between that of the Mitsubishi Grandis and Ford S-Max large MPVs ({{convert|1655|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} and {{Convert|1660|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} respectively) and SEAT Altea XL ({{convert|1525|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}). In February 2007, Fiat UK announced that the Croma would no longer be generally available in the United Kingdom, after less than 900 had been sold in 2005.

The car was still offered, but only on special order, with right-hand drive models manufactured to customer specifications.{{clarify|Until when? Infobox states 2007, but that could be a misunderstanding.|date=January 2025}} Production of the second generation Croma ended at the end of 2010 and the car was replaced by the Dodge-based Fiat Freemont.

The Croma features seven airbags, anti-lock braking system, electronic brakeforce distribution, and received a five star Euro NCAP crash rating for adult occupant protection:

{{Euro NCAP |year=2008 |description=Fiat Croma |reference_code=237 |adult_stars=5 |adult_score=34 |child_stars=4 |child_score=39 |pedestrian_stars=1 |pedestrian_score=6 }}

File:2010 Fiat Croma.JPG

The Croma received a facelift in November 2007, and was termed the Nuova Croma, featuring a revised grille, headlights, rear bumper, as well as interior changes, now designated a "Station Wagon" rather than "Comfort Wagon".{{cite web |url=http://www.italiaspeed.com/new_models/2007/fiat/nuova_croma/introduction.html |title=Nuova Fiat Croma |website=italiaspeed.com |access-date=13 November 2007}} The Nuova Croma was only sold in mainland Europe, excluding the United Kingdom.

The Croma was manufactured at Fiat's Cassino factory with three trim levels and five engine options. As with the chassis, petrol engines were supplied by Opel, beginning with the brand new evolution of the Family 1 Ecotec 1.8 L with {{cvt|140|hp-metric|kW|0}}, followed by the torquier L850 Ecotec 2.2 L with {{cvt|147|hp-metric|kW|0}}.

Most examples featured Fiat's own Multijet engine, available in three variants 1.9 L with 8 valves and {{cvt|120|hp-metric|kW|0}}, 1.9 L with 16 valves and {{cvt|150|hp-metric|kW|0}}, and the range topping, five-cylinder 2.4 L 20V with {{cvt|200|hp-metric|kW|0}}. The diesel engines were fitted with a standard six-speed manual gearbox, a six-speed automatic was also available and was standard on the 2.4 engines.

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Fiat Croma}}

• [http://www.euroncap.com/tests/fiat_croma_2005/237.aspx Fiat Croma EuroNCAP results]

{{Fiat}}

{{Modern European Fiat vehicles}}

Croma

Category:Euro NCAP large family cars

Category:Front-wheel-drive vehicles

Category:Italdesign vehicles

Category:1990s cars

Category:2010s cars

Category:Cars introduced in 1985

Category:Cars discontinued in 2010

Category:1980s cars

Category:Hatchbacks

Category:Station wagons