Flag of Ireland

Concerning the national flag of Ireland, the Constitution of Ireland simply states in Article 7:

{{Blockquote|The national flag is the tricolour of green, white and orange.{{Cite constitution|article=7|polity=Ireland|date=1 July 1937}}.}}

The Department of the Taoiseach takes general responsibility for matters relating to the flag. In its advisory role, the department has issued guidelines to assist the use of the flag; these state that it should be rectangular in shape, its length should be double its width, and the three coloured pales – green, white and orange – should be of equal size and vertically disposed.{{cite web|url = https://assets.gov.ie/2949/151118153516-096a94ba6955435cae965414f7667104.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200213202756/https://assets.gov.ie/2949/151118153516-096a94ba6955435cae965414f7667104.pdf | archive-date = 13 February 2020 | title = Department of the Taoiseach – The National Flag – Guidelines | website = assets.gov.ie | date= 2019 | access-date = 13 February 2020 }}

The precise colours of the flag as set by the Department of the Taoiseach since at least 2001 are:{{Cite web|url=http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/Pdf%20files/The%20National%20Flag.pdf|title=An Bhratach Náisiúnta|location=Ireland|date=2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615135038/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/Pdf%20files/The%20National%20Flag.pdf|archive-date=15 June 2007}}

:

According to the guidelines, the flag should normally be displayed on a flagstaff, with the green pale positioned next to the flagstaff, at the hoist. Provided that the correct proportions are observed, the flag may be made to any convenient size.

The green pale of the flag symbolises Roman Catholics, the orange represents the minority Protestants who were supporters of William of Orange. His title came from the Principality of Orange but his power from his leadership as Stadtholder of the Netherlands, a Protestant bastion from the 16th century. The white in the centre signifies a lasting peace and hope for union between Protestants and Catholics in Ireland. The flag, as a whole, is intended to symbolise the inclusion and hoped-for union of the people of different traditions on the island of Ireland, which is expressed in the Constitution as the entitlement of every person born in Ireland to be part of the independent Irish nation, regardless of ethnic origin, religion or political conviction.Subject to the Twenty-seventh Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland, 2004. (Green was also used as the colour of such Irish bodies as the mainly-Protestant and nonsectarian Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick, established in 1751.)

Occasionally, differing shades of yellow, instead of orange, are seen at civilian functions. However the Department of the Taoiseach stated that is a misrepresentation that "should be actively discouraged" and that worn-out flags should be replaced.[http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/eng/Youth_Zone/About_the_Constitution,_Flag,_Anthem_Harp/The_National_Flag-PDF.pdf The national Flag] Department of the Taoiseach In songs and poems, the colours are sometimes enumerated as "green, white and gold" by using poetic licence.See, for example, [http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/pehsc/index_files/fpframe_files/Lessons03/psu_lesson3.html Long Journey Home] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902100212/http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/pehsc/index_files/fpframe_files/Lessons03/psu_lesson3.html |date=2 September 2006}} by Elvis Costello and Paddy Moloney.See, for example, the lyrics and commentary on the following Irish rebel songs: [http://www.vincentpeters.nl/triskelle/lyrics/greenwhitegold.php?index=080.010.040.010 Green White and Gold] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050414174941/http://www.vincentpeters.nl/triskelle/lyrics/greenwhitegold.php?index=080.010.040.010 |date=14 April 2005 }}; [http://www.vincentpeters.nl/triskelle/lyrics/dyingrebel.php?index=080.010.020.040 The Dying Rebel]. Variants of different guises are utilised to include, for example, various emblems of Ireland, such as the presidential harp, the four provinces or county arms.{{cite web|url=http://abitoblarney.com/store/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=11&products_id=51&zenid=bcf39ffd85129bee51d1198cdfa77a21|title=County Coat of Arms Irish Flag|website=Abitoblarney.com|access-date=30 September 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://s1.thejournal.ie/media/2013/06/waltzing-odriscoll-390x285.png|format=PNG|title=Photographic image|website=S1.thejournal.ie|access-date=30 September 2017}}

Green has been associated with the Irish for hundreds of years. An anecdote in the Lebor Gabála tells how Gaidel Glas, son of Nel (or Niul), father of the Irish people, was cured of a snakebite when Moses made fervent prayer and placed his staff on Gaidel's wound.{{cite book |last=Macalister |first=Robert Alexander Stewart |year=1939 |title=Lebor Gabála Érenn |trans-title=The Book of the Taking of Ireland |volume=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vS5KAAAAYAAJ |isbn=1-870166-35-3 |pages=59–61 (¶143–145)}} An inserted verse in an earlier passage says of Gaidel: "green were his arms and his vesture".{{Harvnb|Macalister|1939}}, p. 93, Poem No. XIII Michael O'Clery's redaction of the Lebor Gabála adds that the snakebite left a green ring on Gaidel from which he earned his nickname 'Glas' ("the green"). The mark of the Irish people would therefore be green.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

A green flag featuring a harp is described as being used by Eoghan Ruadh Ó Néill in 1642.{{cite web| author = Andries Burgers |url = http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ie-green.html | title = Ireland: Green Flag | work = Flags of the World | date = 21 May 2006 | quote = Citing G. A. Hayes-McCoy, A History of Irish Flags from earliest times (1979)}}

File:Green harp flag of Ireland.svg

The colour green became further associated with Ireland from the 1640s, when the green harp flag was used by the Irish Catholic Confederation. Likewise Green ribbons have been worn on St Patrick's Day since at least the 1680s.Cronin & Adair (2002) Suggesting that green was already a national colour at this time, The Friendly Brothers of St Patrick, an Irish nationalistic fraternity founded in about 1750[Kelly, James. That Damn'd Thing Called Honour: Duelling in Ireland, 1570–1860. Cork University Press, 1995. p.65] adopted green as its colour. Green was for centuries also associated with rebellion and was the unofficial colour of Ireland. In the late 18th century, green had again become associated as the colour of nationalism and was used by the United Irishmen.{{cite magazine|url = https://time.com/4699771/green-irish-st-patricks-day-color/ | magazine = Time | title= How Green Became Associated With St. Patrick's Day and All Things Irish | date = 16 March 2017 | access-date = 25 October 2018 | quote = The color green cropped up again during an effort in the 1790s to bring nonsectarian, republican ideas to Ireland, inspired by the American revolution and the French revolution}}{{cite journal|jstor= 20496123 | title = The Wearing of the Green | journal = Studia Hibernica | author = Brian Ó Cuív | issue = 17,18 |year = 1977 | pages = 107–119 | quote = As early as 1803 many of those who attended the execution of Robert Emmet are described as wearing green favours to display their sympath with the young patriot, and it would seem that the Uniter Irishmen first promoted the colour}}{{cite web|url = http://www.thejournal.ie/ireland-national-colour-blue-828597-Mar2013/ | publisher = TheJournal | title = So you know Ireland's national colour might not be green, right? | date = 17 March 2013 | access-date = 25 October 2018 | quote = The most prominent use of green emerged during the wave of Irish nationalism and republican feeling in the 19th century, when the colour was adopted as a more striking way of separating Ireland from the various reds or blues that were now associated with England, Scotland and Wales}} The United Irishmen, founded in the 1790s, were inspired by the French revolution, and used a green flag, to which they had a harp emblazoned. A rival organisation, the Orange Order, whose main strength was in Ulster, and which was exclusively for Protestants, especially members of the Anglican Church of Ireland, was founded in 1795 in memory of King William of Orange and the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Following the Irish Rebellion of 1798, which pitted the "green" tradition of the republican United Irishmen against the "orange" tradition of Anglican Protestant Ascendancy loyal to the British Crown, the ideal of a later nationalist generation in the mid-19th century was to make peace between the two traditions and, if possible, to found a self-governing Ireland on such peace and union.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

File:Blessing of the Colours by John Lavery.jpg]]

The oldest known reference to the use of the three colours of green, white and orange as a nationalist emblem dates from September 1830 when tricolour cockades were worn at a meeting held to celebrate the French Revolution of that year – a revolution which restored the use of the French tricolour.[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ie.html Ireland], Flags of the World, 2001. Retrieved 11 June 2007. The colours were also used in the same period for rosettes and badges, and on the banners of trade guilds. However, widespread recognition was not accorded to the flag until 1848. At a meeting in his native city of Waterford on 7 March 1848, Thomas Francis Meagher, the Young Ireland leader, first publicly unveiled the flag from a second-floor window of the Wolfe Tone Club as he addressed a gathered crowd on the street below who were present to celebrate another revolution that had just taken place in France.[https://web.archive.org/web/20080807173312/http://www.yourirish.com/tricolour-flag.htm Tricolour Flag of Ireland], Your Irish Culture, 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2007.Archived 2008 It was inspired by the tricolour of France. Speeches made at that time by Meagher suggest that it was regarded as an innovation and not as the revival of an older flag. From March of that year Irish tricolours appeared side by side with French ones at meetings held all over the country. John Mitchel, referring to the tricolour of green, white and orange that Meagher had presented from Paris at a later meeting in Dublin on 15 April 1848, said: "I hope to see that flag one day waving, as our national banner".

Although the tricolour was not forgotten as a symbol of the ideal of union and a banner associated with the Young Irelanders and revolution, it was rarely used between 1848 and 1916. Even up to the eve of the Easter Rising of 1916, the green flag featuring a harp held undisputed sway. Neither the colours nor the arrangement of the early tricolours were standardised. All of the 1848 tricolours showed green, white and orange, but orange was sometimes put next to the staff, and in at least one flag the order was orange, green and white. In 1850 a flag of green for the Roman Catholics, orange for the Protestants of the Established Church and blue for the Presbyterians was proposed. In 1883, a Parnellite tricolour of yellow, white and green, arranged horizontally, was recorded. Down to modern times, yellow has occasionally been used instead of orange, but by this substitution the fundamental symbolism is destroyed.

File:Irish flag (220399586).jpg

Associated with the national independence movement, flown during the Easter Rising of 1916 and capturing the national imagination as the banner of the new revolutionary Ireland,Contrary to popular belief, the tricolour was not the actual flag of the Easter Rising, although it had been flown from the General Post Office; that flag was a green flag featuring in gold a harp and the words "Irish Republic". the tricolour came to be acclaimed throughout the country as the national flag. To many Irish people, though, it was considered to be a "Sinn Féin flag".Hayes-McCoy, Gerard Anthony (1979). A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times. Academy Press, Dublin. {{ISBN|978-0-906187-01-2}}.

In the Irish Free State which existed between 1922 and 1937, the flag was adopted by the Executive Council. The Free State constitution did not specify national symbols; the decision to use the flag was made without recourse to statute. When the Free State joined the League of Nations in September 1923, the new flag "created a good deal of interest amongst the general public" in Geneva.{{cite book |url=http://www.difp.ie/viewdoc.asp?DocID=470 |chapter=NAI DFA 26/102: Extracts from the report of the Irish delegation to the Fourth Assembly of the League of Nations (September 1923) |date=September 2000 |title=Documents on Irish Foreign Policy |volume=2 |issue=1923–1926 |publisher=Royal Irish Academy |pages=No. 134 |no-pp=y|access-date=21 March 2011 |isbn=1-874045-83-6 }} The defeated republicans who had fought the Free State's forces in the 1922–23 Civil War regarded the tricolour as the flag of the self-proclaimed Irish Republic, and condemned its appropriation by the new state, as expressed in the song "Take It Down From The Mast". The Executive Council's decision was a provisional one. A 1928 British document said:

{{Blockquote|The government in Ireland have taken over the so called Free State Flag in order to forestall its use by republican element and avoid legislative regulation, to leave them free to adopt a more suitable emblem later.Public Record Office document DO 117/100, written in 1928.}}

In 1937, the tricolour's position as the national flag was formally confirmed by the new Constitution of Ireland.

{{See also|Irish Mercantile Marine during World War II}}

File:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg

The pre-independence Merchant Shipping Act 1894 (57 & 58 Vict. c. 60) was not repealed, and so the Free State's mercantile marine was technically required to fly the Red Ensign.[http://debates.oireachtas.ie/dail/1947/11/20/00023.asp Merchant Shipping Bill, 1947—Second Stage.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905080509/http://debates.oireachtas.ie/dail/1947/11/20/00023.asp |date=5 September 2012 }} (20 November 1947) Dáil debates Vol.108 No.15 p.23 The collier Glenageary may have been the first ship to arrive in a British port flying the tricolour on 8 December 1921, two days after the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed. Their ensign, along with a model of Glenageary, is currently on display in the National Maritime Museum of Ireland. While some ships such as the cross-channel ferries flew the Red Ensign, others sailed under the tricolour.{{cite book|last=Forde|first=Frank|title=The Long Watch|year=2000|publisher=Island Books|isbn=1-902602-42-0|page=108}}[http://debates.oireachtas.ie/dail/1930/03/20/00007.asp#N348 Dáil debates Vol. 33 No. 17 p.7 cc.2290–95] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423085125/http://debates.oireachtas.ie/dail/1930/03/20/00007.asp#N348 |date=23 April 2012 }} 20 March 1930[http://debates.oireachtas.ie/dail/1934/06/21/00004.asp Dáil debates Vol. 53 No. 7 p.4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423084921/http://debates.oireachtas.ie/dail/1934/06/21/00004.asp |date=23 April 2012 }} 21 June 1934 Some masters of Irish ships were charged by HM Customs and Excise and fined by Admiralty courts for flying an "improper ensign".{{cite book|last=Sweeney|first=Pat|title=Liffey Ships|year=2010|publisher=Mercier Press|isbn=978-1-85635-685-5|page=202}} The tricolour was flown by the fisheries patrol vessel Muirchú, precursor to the Irish Naval Service; Frank Carney alleged in the Dáil in 1930 that a trespassing French trawler had refused to surrender to because it did not recognise Muirchú's flag.

Irish-register ships could fly the Red Ensign until September 1939, after the outbreak of World War II, when a decree under the state of emergency was made, to ensure neutral Irish ships were not mistaken for British ships. Some ships flying the tricolour were nevertheless sunk by Germans.[http://debates.oireachtas.ie/dail/1941/02/20/00023.asp Dáil debates Vol.81 No.14 p.23] 20 February 1941 When the tricolour was hoisted over the passenger ferries in Holyhead their British crews went on strike. Five days later their owners transferred the ferries to the British register and the Red Ensign was restored.{{cite book|last=Forde|first=Frank|title=The Long Watch|year=2000|publisher=Island Books|isbn=1-902602-42-0|page=2}} On the other hand, the Belfast to Liverpool ferry, British owned and British crewed, used the tricolour as a flag of convenience;{{cite book|last=McRonald|first=Malcolm|title=The Irish Boats|publisher=Tempus|page=70|year=2007|volume=3, Liverpool to Belfast|isbn=978-0-7524-4235-8}} so did the whalers of Christian Salvesen Shipping, to take advantage of the Irish whale quota.{{cite book|last=Share|first=Bernard|title=The Emergency|publisher=Gill and Macmillan|location=Dublin|year=1978|page=[https://archive.org/details/emergencyneutral00shar/page/99 99]|isbn=0-71710-916-X|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/emergencyneutral00shar/page/99}}

The tricolour's marine status was formalised by the Merchant Shipping Act 1947.Sections 2 and 14, [http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1947/en/act/pub/0046/print.html Merchant Shipping Act, 1947] Irish Statute Book

{{See also|Northern Ireland flags issue}}

File:Artillery Flats, Belfast, July 2010 (02).JPG]]

In 1921, Ireland was partitioned, with the unionist-dominated north-east becoming Northern Ireland, while later, in 1922, the remainder of Ireland left the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to form the Irish Free State.FitzGerald, Garret. [http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761580394/Ireland_Partition_of.html Ireland, Partition of], Encarta, 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070909064127/http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761580394/Ireland_Partition_of.html |date=9 September 2007 }} 31 October 2009. Northern Ireland continued to use the UK's Union Flag and created its Ulster Banner derivation of the flag of Ulster with a crown on top of a six-pointed star.[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/images/symbols/flags.htm Flags Used in Northern Ireland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514131904/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/images/symbols/flags.htm |date=14 May 2011 }}, Conflict Archive on the Internet, 1 April 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007. Furthermore, for many years the tricolour was effectively banned in Northern Ireland under the Flags and Emblems (Display) Act (Northern Ireland) 1954 which empowered the police to remove any flag that could cause a breach of the peace but specified, rather controversially, that a Union Flag could never have such an effect.[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/hmso/fea1954.htm Flags and Emblems (Display) Act (Northern Ireland) 1954] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709035950/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/hmso/fea1954.htm |date=9 July 2011 }}, Conflict Archive on the Internet, 1 April 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007. In 1964, the enforcement of this law by the Royal Ulster Constabulary at the behest of Ian Paisley, involving the removal of a single tricolour from the offices of Sinn Féin in Belfast, led to two days of rioting. The tricolour was immediately replaced, highlighting the difficulty of enforcing the law.Boyd, Andrew (1969). Holy War in Belfast – [http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/docs/boyd69.htm "1964: The Tricolour Riots"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827111703/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/docs/boyd69.htm |date=27 August 2011 }}. Anvil Press. {{ISBN|0-900068-10-8}}.

File:Irish flag on bonfire.JPGs during twelfth of July celebrations.{{cite web|url = https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/eleventh-night-tricolours-sf-posters-celtic-and-palestine-flags-burned-1.3954698| publisher = Irish Times | website = irishtimes.com | title = Eleventh Night: Tricolours, SF posters, Celtic and Palestine flags burned | date = 12 July 2019 | accessdate = 7 March 2021 }}]]

Despite its original symbolism, in Northern Ireland the tricolour, along with most other markers of either British or Irish identity, has come to be a symbol of division. The Ulster Unionist Party Government of Northern Ireland adopted the Ulster Banner (based on the flag of Ulster) in 1953.[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb-ni.html Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)], Flags of the World, 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007. Thus it is this flag and the Union Flag that are flown by unionists and loyalists, while the tricolour is flown by nationalists and republicans. In Northern Ireland, each community uses its own flags, murals and other symbols to declare its allegiance and mark its territory, often in a manner that is deliberately provocative.{{cite web |last1=Ewart|first1=Shirley |last2=Schubotz|first2=Dirk |date=September 2004 |url=http://www.ofmdfmni.gov.uk/voices.pdf |title=Voices behind the Statistics: Young People's Views of Sectarianism in Northern Ireland |publisher=National Children's Bureau |page=7 |website=Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151005062213/http://www.ofmdfmni.gov.uk/voices.pdf |archive-date= Oct 5, 2015 }} Kerb-stones in unionist and loyalist areas are often painted red, white and blue,"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/799804.stm Loyalist paramilitary flags explosion]", BBC News, 21 June 2000. Retrieved 14 June 2007. while in nationalist and republican areas kerb-stones may be painted green, white and orange, although this is a much less frequent occurrence.Brown, Kris. & MacGinty, Roger (2003). "Public Attitudes toward Partisan and Neutral Symbols in Post-Agreement Northern Ireland", Identities: Global Studies in Power and Culture. Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 83–108. Elements of both communities fly "their" flag from chimneys, tall buildings and lamp-posts on roads.Bryan, Dr. Dominic & Stevenson, Dr. Clifford (2006). [http://www.ofmdfmni.gov.uk/flags-monitoring.pdf Flags Monitoring Project 2006: Preliminary Findings], Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University, Belfast. Retrieved 14 June 2007.

Under the 1998 Good Friday or Belfast Agreement, it was recognised that flags continue to be a source of disagreement in Northern Ireland. The Agreement stated that:

{{Blockquote|All participants acknowledge the sensitivity of the use of symbols and emblems for public purposes, and the need in particular in creating the new institutions to ensure that such symbols and emblems are used in a manner which promotes mutual respect rather than division.[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/peace/docs/agreement.htm#strand2 The Belfast Agreement 1998] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122194559/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/peace/docs/agreement.htm#strand2 |date=22 November 2013 }}, Conflict Archive on the Internet. Retrieved 14 June 2007.}}

Unionists argue that the recognition of the principle of consent in the Agreement – that Northern Ireland's constitutional status cannot change without a majority favouring it – by the signatories amounts to recognising that the Union Flag is the only legitimate official flag in Northern Ireland.Wilson, Robin (July 2000). [http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/dd/papers/flags.htm Flagging concern: The Controversy over Flags and Emblems] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806182912/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/dd/papers/flags.htm |date=6 August 2011 }}, Democratic Dialogue. Retrieved 14 June 2007.[http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/record/reports/000606.htm#1 Northern Ireland Assembly Official Report of Tuesday 6 June 2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606141721/http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/record/reports/000606.htm#1 |date=6 June 2007 }}, Northern Ireland Assembly, 6 June 2000. Retrieved 14 June 2007.[http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/reports/nia15-00.htm Report on Draft Regulations proposed under Article 3 of the Flags (Northern Ireland) Order 2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102641/http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/reports/nia15-00.htm |date=29 September 2007 }}, Northern Ireland Assembly, 17 October 2000. Retrieved 14 June 2007. Nationalists maintain that the Agreement means that the use of the Union Flag for official purposes should be restricted, or that the tricolour should be flown alongside the UK's flag on government buildings.[http://www.sinnfein.ie/news/detail/13118 Alex Maskey Motion 39 – flags and emblems] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070319101618/http://www.sinnfein.ie/news/detail/13118 |date=19 March 2007 }}, SinnFein.ie, 17 February 2006. Retrieved 14 June 2007. However the tricolour is never flown from official buildings, alone or alongside the UK's flag. A Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Belfast, Alex Maskey, displayed both flags in his own offices causing some controversy."[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/2236626.stm Tricolour raised in City Hall]", BBC News, 4 September 2002. Retrieved 14 June 2007."[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/talking_point/2236871.stm Should Belfast have its own flag?]", BBC News Talking Point, 5 September 2002. Retrieved 14 June 2007.

Some institutions in Great Britain, such as the BBC, have previously and mistakenly used the tricolour to represent Northern Ireland.{{cite web | url=https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/irish-tricolour-makes-surprise-appearance-24150497 |first1=Alison |last1=O'Reilly |website=Belfast Live | title=Irish tricolour makes surprise appearance at Queen's Jubilee concert | date=5 June 2022 }}{{cite web | url=https://extra.ie/2020/09/04/news/world-news/bbc-northern-ireland-flag-irish | title='Disgraceful!' – Irish flag mix-up causes outrage as BBC issue apology |website=Extra.ie |first1=Aoibhin |last1=Bryant | date=4 September 2020 }}

The Department of the Taoiseach has issued guidelines to assist persons in giving due respect to the national flag. Observance of the guidelines is a matter for each individual as there are no statutory requirements. It is expected, however, that the national flag will be treated at all times with appropriate respect by those who use it. The department has general responsibility in relation to the national flag and this is primarily concerned with the protocol for the flying of the flag. The Department's role, therefore, is an advisory one."[https://web.archive.org/web/20070615135038/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/Pdf%20files/The%20National%20Flag.pdf The National Flag: Guidelines for use of the National Flag]", Department of the Taoiseach.

With respect to the display, placing and precedence of the national flag by both itself and in relation to other flags, the department has made a number of suggestions. No flag or pennant should be flown above the national flag. When the flag is carried with another flag, or flags, it should be carried in the place of honour – that is on the marching right, or on the left of an observer towards whom the flags are approaching. Where one of these flags is that of the European Union, the European Union flag should be carried on the immediate left of the national flag, or, as seen by an observer when the flags are approaching, on the immediate right of the national flag. In the event of a display of crossed staffs, the national flag should be to the right and to the fore – that is to the left of the observer who is facing the flag. Its staff should be in front of the other flag or flags."[https://web.archive.org/web/20070615135038/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/Pdf%20files/The%20National%20Flag.pdf The National Flag: Display, placing and precedence]", Department of the Taoiseach.

File:Brown Thomas Dublin April 2010.jpg

When the group of flags of the European Union are flown, the sequence is alphabetical, based on the first letter of the country's name. The flags should be flown from left to right with the European Union flag flown from the first flagstaff before the group. An alternative order of flags is to begin on the left with the national flag and place the European Union flag on the far right of the group, as seen by an observer. With regard to international flags; where either an even or an odd number of flags are flown in line on staffs of equal height, the national flag should be first on the right of the line – that is on the observer's left as he or she faces the flags. Where one of these flags is that of the European Union, the European Union flag should be flown on the immediate left of the national flag, or as seen by an observer, on the immediate right of the national flag. Where, however, an odd number of flags are displayed from staffs grouped so that there is one staff in the centre and higher than the others, the national flag should be displayed from the staff so placed. Where one of these flags is that of the European Union, the European Union flag should be flown from the first flagstaff on the right, or as seen by an observer, on the first flagstaff on the left. Only one national flag should be displayed in each group of flags or at each location. In all cases, the national flag should be in the place of honour. When the national flag is displayed either horizontally or vertically against a wall or other background, the green should be on the right (an observer's left) in the horizontal position or uppermost in the vertical position. When displayed on a platform, the national flag should be above and behind the speaker's desk. While being carried, the flag should not be dipped by way of salute or compliment except to the dead during memorial ceremonies.

File:Michael Collins by John Lavery.jpg lying in state by John Lavery showing the green of the flag towards the head]]

In raising or lowering, the national flag should not be allowed to touch the ground. When being hoisted to half-mast, the flag should first be brought to the peak of the staff and then lowered to the half-mast position.A flag is at half-mast in any position below the top of the staff but never below the middle point of the staff. As a general guide, the half-mast position may be taken as that where the top of the flag is the depth of the flag below the top of the staff. It should again be brought to the peak of the staff before it is finally lowered."[https://web.archive.org/web/20070615135038/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/Pdf%20files/The%20National%20Flag.pdf The National Flag: Hoisting and lowering the Flag]", Department of the Taoiseach. On ceremonial occasions when the national flag is being hoisted or lowered, or when it is passing by in a parade, all present should face it, stand to attention and salute. Persons in uniform who normally salute with the hand should give the hand salute. Persons in civilian attire should salute by standing to attention. The salute to the flag when it is being borne past in a parade is rendered when the flag is six paces away and the salute is held until the flag has passed by. Where more than one national flag is carried, the salute should be given only to the leading flag."[https://web.archive.org/web/20070615135038/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/Pdf%20files/The%20National%20Flag.pdf The National Flag: Saluting the Flag]", Department of the Taoiseach. When the national anthem is played in the presence of the national flag, all present should face the national flag, stand to attention and salute it, remaining at the salute until the last note of the music.

When the national flag has become worn or frayed it is no longer fit for display, and should not be used in any manner implying disrespect."[https://web.archive.org/web/20070615135038/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/Pdf%20files/The%20National%20Flag.pdf The National Flag: Worn-out Flag]", Department of the Taoiseach. The national flag, when used as a decoration, should always be treated with due respect. It may be used as a discreet lapel button or rosette or as part of a centrepiece for a table. When used in the latter context with the flags of other nations, the national flag should also be displayed in the place of honour on a nearby flag staff. Where multiple national flags are flown on festive occasions these should be of uniform dimensions. Bunting of the national colours may also be used on festive occasions."[https://web.archive.org/web/20070615135038/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/Pdf%20files/The%20National%20Flag.pdf The National Flag: Respect for the National Flag]", Department of the Taoiseach.

File:Larkin oconnell street.jpg

The national flag should be displayed in the open only between sunrise and sunset, except on the occasion of public meetings, processions, or funerals, when it may be displayed for the duration of such functions.For military purposes, sunrise occurs at 8:00 a.m. between March and October, and at 8:30 a.m. between November and February. Sunset is deemed to occur at: 3:30 p.m. in January and December; 4:30 p.m. in February and November; 5:30 p.m. in March and October; 6:00 p.m. in April; 7:00 p.m. in May and September; and 8:00 p.m. between June and August. When displayed on a platform, the national flag should not be used to cover the speaker's desk, nor should it be draped over the platform. The national flag should never be defaced by placing slogans, logos, lettering or pictures of any kind on it, for example at sporting events. The flag should not be draped on cars, trains, boats or other modes of transport; it should not be carried flat, but should always be carried aloft and free, except when used to drape a coffin; on such an occasion, the green should be at the head of the coffin. The tricolour is draped across the coffins of Presidents of Ireland (including former presidents), soldiers and Garda Síochána personnel killed in the line of duty, and other notables accorded state funerals, such as Roger Casement in 1965, or Kevin Barry in 2001. Care should be taken at all times to ensure that the national flag does not touch the ground, trail in water or become entangled in trees or other obstacles.[https://web.archive.org/web/20070615135038/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/Pdf%20files/The%20National%20Flag.pdf The National Flag: Practices to avoid], Department of the Taoiseach.

It is the normal practice to fly the national flag daily at all military posts and from a limited number of important State buildings. The European flag is flown alongside the national flag on all official buildings, and in most places where the Irish flag is flown over buildings. The national flag is flown over buildings including: the residence of the President of Ireland, Áras an Uachtaráin; Leinster House, the seat of the Irish parliament, when parliament is in session{{cn|date=April 2024}}; Irish courts and state buildings; Irish military installations, at home and abroad; Irish embassies and consulates; and Garda Síochána (police) stations. The national flag is also flown on Saint Patrick's Day (the national holiday), Easter Sunday and Easter Monday (in commemoration of the Easter Rising of 1916), and the National Day of Commemoration on the Sunday closest to 11 July. On these occasions the national flag is flown from all State buildings throughout the country which are equipped with flagpoles, and many private individuals and concerns also fly it. The national flag is flown on the occasion of other significant national and local events such as festivals and commemorations. The national flag is frequently flown at half-mast on the death of a national or international figure on all prominent government buildings equipped with a flag pole. The death of a prominent local figure may be marked locally by the national flag being flown at half-mast. Where the national flag is flown at half-mast no other flag should be half-masted.[https://web.archive.org/web/20070615135038/http://www.taoiseach.gov.ie/attached_files/Pdf%20files/The%20National%20Flag.pdf The National Flag: Occasions on which the National Flag is flown], Department of the Taoiseach.

File:Flags of Ivory Coast and Ireland.png

The flag of the Ivory Coast has a similar colour layout to the Irish one, but with the orange on the hoist side and a shorter proportion (2:3 instead of 1:2). When the Ivory Coast athlete, Murielle Ahouré, celebrated winning the 2018 world indoor 60-metre dash in Birmingham, she borrowed an Irish flag from a spectator and reversed it.{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.ie/sport/other-sports/athletics/quickthinking-irish-fans-come-to-the-rescue-of-victorious-ivory-coast-star-at-world-indoor-athletics-championships-36669933.html|title=Quick-thinking Irish fans come to the rescue of victorious Ivory Coast star at World Indoor Athletics Championships|date=5 March 2018|work=Irish Independent|access-date=6 March 2018}} Due to this similarity, in Northern Ireland, Ulster loyalists have sometimes desecrated the Ivorian flag, mistaking it for the Irish one.{{Cite web|url=https://www.joe.ie/news/what-have-the-ivory-coast-ever-done-to-deserve-this-353431|title=What have the Ivory Coast ever done to deserve this?|website=JOE.ie|date=12 July 2013 }}{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishcentral.com/opinion/patrickroberts/loyalists-ask-us-to-respect-their-flag-as-they-burn-everyone-elses-215221501-238243931.html|title=Loyalists ask us to respect their flag as they burn everyone else's?|date=12 July 2013|website=IrishCentral.com}} In 2014, Linfield F.C.'s shop on the predominantly-loyalist Shankill Road attracted media coverage, after a window display marking the World Cup included a sign clarifying that one of the flags on display was an Ivory Coast flag, not an Irish one.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyedge.ie/linfield-belfast-flag-ivory-coast-1514889-Jun2014/|title=Belfast shop insists it's displaying Ivory Coast flag, NOT Ireland flag|first=Emer|last=McLysaght|website=The Daily Edge}} A Dublin pub also mistakenly flew the Ivorian flag in 2016.{{Cite web |title=This Dublin pub was caught rapid flying the Ivory Coast flag |url=https://www.dailyedge.ie/tp-smiths-ivory-coast-flag-2698830-Apr2016/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=www.dailyedge.ie}}

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• [https://web.archive.org/web/20200213202756/https://assets.gov.ie/2949/151118153516-096a94ba6955435cae965414f7667104.pdf The National Flag – Irish government paper containing history and usage guidelines] (archived)

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Category:National symbols of the Republic of Ireland

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Category:1922 establishments in Ireland

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