Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{redirect|Flag of Soviet Russia|the flag of the socialist state as a whole|Flag of the Soviet Union}}
{{Infobox flag
| Name = Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
| Imagetext = Flag of the Russian SFSR (1954–1991)
| Image = Flag of the Russian SFSR.svg
| Noborder =
| Use = 110110
| Symbol = {{FIAV|110110}} {{IFIS|twosided}}
| Proportion = 1:2
| Imagetext2 = Reverse flag
| Image2 = Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1954–1991, reverse).svg
| Adoption = 9 January 1954
| Relinquished = 22 August 1991 (de facto)
1 November 1991 (de jure)
| Design = {{FIAV|historical}} A red flag with a light-blue stripe at the pole, with a gold-bordered red star and a hammer and sickle.
| Designer = Valentin Petrovich Viktorov
| Proportion2 = 1:2
| Design2 = A red field with a light blue strip on the hoist side.
}}File:Stamp of USSR 1762.jpg (left). The stamp celebrates the 300th anniversary of the reunification of Ukraine with Russia.]]
The penultimate USSR-era flag was adopted by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) in 1954 and used until 1991. The flag of the Russian SFSR was a defacement of the flag of the USSR. The constitution stipulated:
{{quote|The state flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR) presents itself as a red, rectangular sheet with a light-blue stripe at the pole extending all the width [read height] which constitutes one eighth length of the flag.|author= }}
The symbol of the hammer and sickle represented the working class; more specifically, the hammer represented the urban industrial workers and the sickle represented the rural and agricultural peasants. The red star represented the Communist Party and Communism. The red of the flag represented revolution in general and the Russian Revolution in particular. The blue stripe symbolized the wide Russian skies and the waters of its seas and rivers.
History
The first flag of the Russian SFSR, adopted on 14 April 1918, was a flag showing the full name of the recently created Soviet republic before the then imminent Russian spelling reform. Its ratio was unspecified.
From June 1918, the flag was red with the gold Cyrillic characters РСФСР (RSFSR) in the top-left corner, in a traditional Vyaz' style of ornamental Cyrillic calligraphy.
From 1920, the characters were redesigned as described by the Russian Constitution of 1925. However, this flag was oftentimes not used, with the 1918 flag being used until 1937.
{{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=100
|Flag the Russian SFSR (1918).svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Russian SFSR (14 April 1918)
|Flag RSFSR 1918.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Russian SFSR (17 June 1918 – 21 January 1937)
|Flag of Russia (1918, cross).svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Early variant of the flag of the Russian SFSR, approved on 10 July 1918
|Flag of the Russian SFSR 1937-1954.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Russian SFSR (21 January 1937 – 9 January 1954)
}}
In February 1947, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a resolution urging the Soviet republics to adopt new flags. The design was suggested to be based on the state flag of the USSR, as to indicate the idea of the republic within the union, and to include colors and national ornaments to express the geographical, national, historical and cultural characteristics of each republic. In the Russian SFSR, the chairman of the Secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet {{illm|Peter Bakhmurov|ru|Бахмуров, Пётр Васильевич}} opened the first meeting the next month to redesign the national flag.
On 9 January 1954, the new national flag of the RSFSR was approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 9 января 1954 г. "О Государственном флаге РСФСР" The flag was designed by artist Valentin Petrovich Viktorov. On 2 June 1954, the description of the flag was included in the Constitution of the RSFSR.Закон РСФСР от 2 июня 1954 г. "О Государственном флаге РСФСР"
After the attempted coup of 1991, Boris Yeltsin, the president of the Russian SFSR adopted a resolution that the imperial tricolor flag of the Russian Empire would be the flag of RSFSR. On 22 August 1991 the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR decided:{{Cite web|url=http://www.bestpravo.com/fed1991/data01/tex11192.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160426130637/http://www.bestpravo.com/fed1991/data01/tex11192.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 April 2016|title=Ob ofitsial'nom priznanii i ispol'zovanii|website=www.bestpravo.com|language=ru|script-title=ru:Об официальном признании и использовании|trans-title=On official recognition and use|access-date=2017-12-22}}
{{quote|Prior to the establishment of the new state symbol of the Russian Federation, the historical flag of Russia – the flag with equal horizontal white, azure, scarlet stripes should be regarded as the official national flag of the Russian Federation.}}
It was first hoisted at 12:00 pm on 22 August 1991 at the White House. A tricolor with the hammer and sickle on the centre was also later proposed.{{Cite web|url=http://www.vexillographia.ru/russia/RSFSR.htm|title=State flags of the RSFSR|website=www.vexillographia.ru|language=ru|script-title=ru:Государственные флаги РСФСР|trans-title=flags of the RSFSR|access-date=2017-12-22}}
On 1 November 1991, the Constitution of the RSFSR was amended to adopt the white-azure-scarlet flag as the official national flag.Закон РСФСР от 1 ноября 1991 года № 1827-I "Об изменениях и дополнениях Конституции (Основного Закона) РСФСР"Статья 181 Конституции (Основного Закона) Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики
{{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=100
|Flag of the Russian SFSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Russian SFSR (9 January 1954 – 22 August/1 November 1991)
|Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1954–1991, dark blue).svg |{{FIAV|variant}} Dark blue variant of the flag of the Russian SFSR (9 January 1954 – 22 August/1 November 1991)
|Flag_of_Russia_(1991-1993).svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Russian SFSR (22 August/1 November 1991 – 25 December 1991), Russian Federation (until 11 December 1993)
}}
= Proposed flag of the Russian SFSR =
{{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=100
|Proposed flag of the Russian SFSR (Kokorekin).svg|{{FIAV|proposal}} 1948 Alexey Kokorekin's proposal
|Proposed flag of the Russian SFSR (with tricolor).svg|{{FIAV|proposal}} Another proposal with the tricolour at the bottom
|Proposed flag of the Russian SFSR (with РСФСР).svg|{{FIAV|proposal}} A proposal with gold Cyrillic characters РСФСР
|Proposed flag of the Russian SFSR.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}} Mikhail Rodionov's 1950 proposal
}}
Since the first meeting for creating new national flag of the RFSFR in March 1947, some proposals were sent to the authority. The graphic artist {{illm|Alexey Kokorekin|ru|Кокорекин, Алексей Алексеевич}} create a proposal to add white and blue horizontal stripes at the bottom, both two stripes took {{frac|1|6}} of the flag's height. His proposal was submitted to the Secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Alexander Gorkin in June 1948 and again to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR Boris Chernousov in December 1949, but was not approved.
Mikhail Rodionov also created another proposal for the state flag of the RSFSR. It consisted of a traditional tricolour flag and a hammer and a sickle in the middle of the flag. Because of his proposal, he was accused of nationalism and anti-Sovietism in 1950, at the Leningrad affair case.{{Cite web |title=Как бело-сине-красный флаг чуть было не стал флагом РСФСР в 1950-х годах |url=https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/5d500bdfe854a900ae069aea/kak-belosinekrasnyi-flag-chut-bylo-ne-stal-flagom-rsfsr-v-1950h-godah-606eb058ddcafc70a92a16f7 |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=Дзен {{!}} Блогерская платформа |language=en}}
Other Russian SFSR flags
The banner of the republic was a 1:1 ratio red flag with gold fringe, commonly used in ceremonies. The banner was also used for the first inauguration of Boris Yeltsin as President of the Russian SFSR on 10 July 1991.{{Cite web|url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/su-ru.html|title=Russia in the Soviet Union (later flags)|website=www.crwflags.com|accessdate=23 October 2022}}
{{gallery|mode=nolines|noborder=y|height=100
|Presidential standard of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1991).svg |Banner of the Republic of the Russian SFSR (1991)
|Naval Ensign of RSFSR (1920-1923).svg |Naval Ensign of Russian SFSR (1920–1923)
|Civil ensign of the Russian SFSR (1920-1923).svg |Civil ensign of the Russian SFSR (1920–1924)
}}
Colour scheme
| class=wikitable width=60% style="text-align:center;" | |||
| 40px Colors scheme ! ! style="background:#0092FA; width:100px; color:white;"| Blue ! style="background:#CD0000; width:100px; color:white;"| Red ! style="background:#FFD700; width:100px; color:black;" | Yellow | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Pantone | 2925 C | 2035 C | Medium Yellow C |
| CMYK | 100-42-0-2 | 0-100-100-20 | 0-16-100-0 |
| HEX
|#0092FA |#CD0000 |#FFD700 | |||
| RGB
|0-146-250 |205-0-0 |255-215-0 |
| class=wikitable width=60% style="text-align:center;" | |||
| 40px Colors scheme ! style="background:#00309A; width:100px; color:white;"| Blue ! style="background:#CE0000; width:100px; color:white;"| Red ! style="background:#FFD800; width:100px; color:black;" | Yellow | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| CMYK | 100-68-0-39 | 0-100-100-19 | 0-15-100-0 |
| HEX
|#00309A |#CE0000 |#FFD800 | |||
| RGB
|0-48-154 |206-0-0 |255-216-0 |
| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" | |||
| width=150|40px Colors scheme ! ! style="background:#FFFFFF; width:150px; color:black;"| White ! style="background:#018DE9; width:150px; color:white;"| Azure ! style="background:#DB0D20; width:150px; color:white;" | Scarlet | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| RAL | 9016 | 5012 | 3020 |
| CMYK | 0-0-0-0 | 100-39-0-9 | 0-94-85-14 |
| HTML
|#FFFFFF |#018DE9 |#DB0D20 | |||
| RGB
|255-255-255 |1-141-233 |219-13-32 |
Regional flags based on the flag of RSFSR
=Flags of the [[Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics]]=
Flags of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of RSFSR were defacements of the 1954 flag of RSFSR, with texts or acronyms of the name of the republic in official languages.
{{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=100
|Flag of the Bashkir ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Bashkir ASSR (1954–1992)
|Flag of the Buryat ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Buryat ASSR (1978–1992)
|Flag of the Dagestan ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Dagestan ASSR (1954–1991)
|Flag of the Kabardino-Balkar ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR (1978–1991)
|Flag of Kalmyk ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Kalmyk ASSR (1958–1992)
|Flag of Karelian ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Karelian ASSR (1978–1993)
|Flag of the Komi ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Komi ASSR (1954–1991)
|Flag of Mari ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Mari ASSR (1978–1992)
|Flag of Mordovian ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Mordovian ASSR (1954–1991)
|Flag of the North Ossetian ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the North Ossetian ASSR (1978–1991)
|Flag of Tatar ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Tatar ASSR (1978–1991)
|Flag of Tuvan ASSR (1978-1992).svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Tuvan ASSR (1978–1992)
|Flag of Udmurt ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Udmurt ASSR (1978–1991)
|Flag of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR (1978–1991)
|Flag of the Chuvash ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Chuvash ASSR (1978–1992)
|Flag of the Yakut ASSR.svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of the Yakut ASSR (1978–1992)
}}
=Flags of the post-Soviet [[Russia]]n [[Flags of the federal subjects of Russia|Regional flags]] based on the flag of RSFSR=
{{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=100
|Flag of Altai Krai.svg |{{FIAV|proposal}} Flag of Altai Krai
(2000–present)
|Flag of Dagestan (1991–1994).svg |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of Dagestan (1991–1994)
|Flag of Kemerovo oblast (2002).svg |{{FIAV|proposal}} Flag of Kemerovo Oblast (2002–2003)
|Flag of Kemerovo oblast (2003).svg |{{FIAV|proposal}} Flag of Kemerovo Oblast (2003–2020)
|Flag of Kemerovo oblast.svg |{{FIAV|proposal}} Flag of Kemerovo Oblast (2020–present)
|Flag of Kostroma Oblast (2000-06).svg |{{FIAV|proposal}} Flag of Kostroma Oblast (2000–2006)
|Flag of Mordovian SSR (Official design of hammer and sickle).png |{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of Mordovia (1991–1995)
|Flag of Vladimirskaya Oblast (1999).svg |{{FIAV|proposal}} Flag of Vladimir Oblast (1999–2017)
|Flag of Vladimirskaya Oblast.svg |{{FIAV|proposal}} Flag of Vladimir Oblast (2017–present)
|Flag of Voronezh Oblast (1998-2005).png |{{FIAV|proposal}} Flag of Voronezh Oblast (1997–2005)
|Flag of Oryol.svg|{{FIAV|proposal}} Flag of Oryol
(1998–present)
}}
See also
{{Portal|Russia|Soviet Union|Communism}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{USSR flags}}
{{Flags of Europe}}
{{Russia topics}}
Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Category:1954 establishments in the Soviet Union
Category:National symbols of Russia