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Flora Kaai Hayes

{{Short description|Politician in Hawaii Territorial Legislature}}

{{good article}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2021}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Flora Kaai Hayes

| image = File:Flora Kaai Hayes (PNL-121-03832, original) (restored).jpg

| office = Member of the Hawaii Territorial House of Representatives from the 4th district

| birth_name = Flora Allen Kaai

| birth_date = {{birth date|1893|04|17}}

| birth_place = Hana, Hawaiian Kingdom

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1968|2|3|1893|4|17}}

| death_place = Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.

| spouse = {{marriage|Henry Homer Hayes|1914|1957|end=d.}}{{Cite journal|date=1960|title=Henry Homer Hayes|url=https://archive.org/details/hawaiimedicaljou1919unse/page/660/mode/2up|journal=Hawaii Medical Journal|volume=19|issue=6|page=661}}

| children = Homer A. Hayes

| party = Republican

| signature =

| alt = Hayes in 1914.

| caption = Hayes in 1914.

| term_start = 1939

| term_end = 1940

| term_start2 = 1943

| term_end2 = 1952

| term_start3 = 1959

| term_end3 = 1959

| office3 = Member of the Hawaii Territorial House of Representatives from the 14th district

}}

Flora Kekulalani Kaai Hayes{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=147}} (April 17, 1893 – February 3, 1968) was a Hawaiian-American politician and actor. She served in the Hawaii Territorial House of Representatives for seven terms between 1938 and 1959, representing Oahu as a member of the Hawaii Republican Party. From the 1920s through the early 1930s, Hayes became involved in various Hawaiian organizations. In 1936, she was elected president of the Territory of Hawaii's parent–teacher association (PTA), serving two terms. At the request of John Ford, she stopped in Hollywood while traveling back from a PTA conference in Virginia to play a minor role in the 1937 film The Hurricane.

Hayes first secured a seat as a Territorial Representative in the 1938 election. She served seven terms in the Territorial House of Representatives between 1938 and 1959, in addition to campaigning unsuccessfully to succeed Thelma Akana Harrison in the Territorial Senate in 1952. While in the legislature, she focused on legislation related to schools, parks, and playgrounds. She served as a delegate to the Hawaii Constitutional Convention of 1950, where she ensured that certain areas of land were reserved for Native Hawaiians in the drafted state constitution.

After leaving the legislature, Hayes played a role in the 1961 film Blue Hawaii. Beginning around 1963, she volunteered at Bishop Museum, where she worked with Annie Kanahele to translate letters and documents from Hawaiian to English. She was a candidate for the Hawaii Constitutional Convention of 1968, but died at age 74 in 1968, before the election for delegates was held.

Early life

Flora Kaai Hayes was born Flora Allen Kaai on April 17, 1893, in Hana, Hawaii. Her father Samuel Webster Kaai, a descendant of Kaʻiana,{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=147}} was a politician and the district judge of Hana.{{Cite news|last=McKenzie|first=Peggy|date=January 17, 1960|title=People of Paradise: Flora Hayes|pages=7, 15|work=The Honolulu Advertiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9308874/the-honolulu-advertiser/|access-date=June 3, 2021}} Her mother, Katherine Kahumu Kaai, was a descendant of Keōua.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=147}} She was the second of her parents' sixteen children and their first daughter. In accordance with Hawaiian tradition, she was sent to live with her maternal grandparents as a child; they lived at Kaupo in a grass hut.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=147}} Only the Hawaiian language was spoken in her grandparents' home. When she was three years old, she was given a horse; she would later become a proficient equestrian.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=147}}

After Hayes' grandfather died when she was five years old, she went to live with her immediate family, then living in Kona{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=147}} for her father's health.{{Cite news|last=Stewart|first=Lois|date=October 26, 1952|title=Long Career Behind Flora Hayes' Fight for Senate|pages=10|work=The Honolulu Advertiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9308833/the-honolulu-advertiser/|access-date=June 2, 2021}} The family lived on land Kamehameha III gave Hayes' paternal great-great-grandfather during the Great Māhele. During the summers, Liliʻuokalani and her retinue visited the family at their property.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=147}} Hayes went to public school in Kona, and subsequently attended Kamehameha School for Girls at age 11 and graduating in 1913. While at Kamehameha School, Hayes was punished for her limited skill with the English language and her use of Hawaiian.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=148}}

File:Flora Kaai marries Homer Hayes, 1914.png

In 1914, Hayes married Henry Homer Hayes, a physician employed by the government and working on Molokai.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=148}} The wedding took place in Kapālama, after which the couple traveled around Hawaii Island by steamship before settling in Pukoo on Molokai.{{Cite news|date=January 7, 1914|title=Hayes–Kaai|pages=3|work=The Honolulu Advertiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/65218042/marriage-of-kaai-hayes/|access-date=June 13, 2021}} They moved to Honolulu in 1918 with their young son, after which Hayes audited numerous classes at the University of Hawaiʻi with encouragement from her husband. The Hayes family would care for 29 other children, including a family of six orphans whom they fostered until the children became adults. Hayes later cited the presence of helpful girls at home as a factor in the success of her career.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=148}}

Early career

In 1922, during a controversy about the perceived immorality of hula, legislation was introduced to outlaw its public performance because of lewdness.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=148}} Hayes wrote a letter to the editor of The Honolulu Advertiser defending the traditional dance and calling for Hawaiians to support it, so it would not be lost. She argued the real immorality was the "cheek to cheek, bosom to bosom, thigh to thigh dances" seen on passenger steamships and hotel roof gardens.{{cite news|date=1922-09-27|title=Flora Allen Hayes letter defending the hula|pages=11|work=The Honolulu Advertiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79800146/flora-allen-hays-letter-defending-the/}} Referring to this letter, a 1978 article in the Advertiser described her as a "Hawaiian activist".{{Cite news|last=Krauss|first=Bob|date=March 1, 1978|title=The hot hula debate|pages=3|work=The Honolulu Advertiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78813587/the-honolulu-advertiser/|access-date=June 2, 2021}} The legislation did not pass.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=148}}

In the 1920s and through the early 1930s, Hayes belonged to various Hawaiian organizations including the Kaʻahumanu Society and the Hawaiian Civic Club.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=148}} She was a member of the Episcopal Church and represented the Episcopal Diocese of Hawaii at the 1928 National Episcopal Convocation in Washington, D.C., becoming the first Hawaiian delegate to attend.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=149}}{{Cite news|date=September 30, 1938|title=Mrs. Hayes Has Enviable Service Record|page=9|work=The Honolulu Advertiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79511552/the-honolulu-advertiser/|access-date=June 13, 2021}}

Hayes was involved with the Territory of Hawaii's parent–teacher association (PTA), becoming its president in 1936{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=149}} serving two terms in before resigning in 1942.{{Cite news|date=1942-08-30|title=Mrs. Hayes Candidate For Isle Legislature|pages=1|work=The Honolulu Advertiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79593740/the-honolulu-advertiser/|access-date=2021-06-15}} While president of the PTA, she visited every public school in Hawaii and initiated new chapters of the organization, and frequently testified at hearings in the Territorial Legislature.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=149}} Director John Ford wanted her to play a major role in the 1937 movie The Hurricane, but she was on her way to attend a national PTA convention in Richmond, Virginia. There she gave a presentation about harmony between races in the public schools of Hawaii.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=149}} Later, however, on her way back to Hawaii she stopped in Hollywood for five weeks and played a minor part in the film as Mama Rua.

Career in politics

Hayes was urged to run for a seat in the Hawaii Territorial Legislature because of her political activity as PTA president. She won a seat in the 4th District of the Territorial House of Representatives as a Republican in the 1938 election.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=149}} She became the second Oahu woman elected to the Hawaii Territorial Legislature and the first to the Territorial House.{{Cite news|date=November 9, 1938|title=House, 4th District; Legislature Little Changed|pages=10|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79593052/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=June 15, 2021}} She subsequently campaigned for the Territorial Senate in 1940, but despite being endorsed by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, she was not elected.{{Cite news|date=September 26, 1940|title=Flora K. Hayes|pages=6|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79593211/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=June 15, 2021}}{{Cite news|date=November 4, 1940|title=Let's Keep That Record!|pages=6|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79593321/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=June 15, 2021}}{{Cite news|date=1940-11-08|title=Neither Good Government Or Politics|pages=16|work=The Honolulu Advertiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79593542/the-honolulu-advertiser/|access-date=June 15, 2021}} She campaigned for re-election to her 4th District seat in the Territorial House in 1942. This time, she was elected{{Cite news|date=November 5, 1942|title=Republicans Have 36 In Legislature|pages=2|work=Hawaii Tribune-Herald|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79593892/hawaii-tribune-herald/|access-date=June 15, 2021}} and held the seat uninterrupted until 1952.Internal records. Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau. n.d.This is a bundled citation for the results of the [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79590105/honolulu-star-bulletin/ 1944], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79597448/ 1946], [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79597490/ 1948], and [https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79590691/honolulu-star-bulletin/ 1950] elections, reported in the Honolulu Star-Bulletin:{{Cite news|date=November 8, 1944|title=8 Oahu House Seats Are Won By Republicans|page=9|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79590105/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=July 27, 2021}}{{Cite news|date=November 6, 1946|title=General Election Results|page=1|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79597448/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=July 27, 2021}}{{Cite news|date=November 6, 1948|title=Results Of The Election At A Glance|page=7|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79597490/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=July 27, 2021}}{{Cite news|date=November 8, 1950|title=T.H. Election At a Glance|page=20|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79590691/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=July 27, 2021}}

In 1952, after being endorsed by outgoing senator Thelma Akana Harrison,{{Cite news|date=April 26, 1952|title=Flora Hayes Supported For Senate|pages=1|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78810567/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=June 2, 2021}} Hayes began a campaign to pursue Harrison's vacated seat in the Territorial Senate .{{Cite news|date=November 1, 1952|title=Flora Hayes Hurls Challenge At 'Mud-Slinging' Opponents|pages=36|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78810757/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=June 2, 2021}} She was not elected to the Senate in the 1952 election; the three available seats from Oahu went to Herbert K. H. Lee, Joe Itagaki, and Ben F. Dillingham.{{Cite news|date=November 6, 1952|title=Territorial Tabulation|pages=5|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78810235/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=June 2, 2021}} She worked subsequently as the administrative assistant of the Hawaiian Homes Commission. In 1956, she campaigned unsuccessfully again to represent the 4th District in the Territorial House.{{Cite news|date=September 7, 1956|title=T. H. Democrats All But Clinch Senate Control|pages=1|work=Hawaii Tribune-Herald|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79597562/hawaii-tribune-herald/|access-date=June 15, 2021}}{{Cite news|date=November 8, 1956|title=Fourth District – Oahu|pages=11|work=The Honolulu Advertiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79597627/the-honolulu-advertiser/|access-date=June 15, 2021}} Hayes retired from her position on the Hawaiian Homes Commission in 1958{{Cite news|date=April 12, 1958|title=Mrs. Hayes Retires as Head Of T. H. Homes Commission|pages=2|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79594693/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=June 15, 2021}} and was elected to her seventh term in the Territorial House, representing Pauoa.{{Cite news|date=February 14, 1959|title=Flora K. Hayes|pages=6|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79594721/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=June 15, 2021}} She was a candidate to represent the same district in the State House of Representatives in 1959,{{Cite news|date=June 3, 1959|title=Women Candidates To Address League|pages=18|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79594957/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=June 15, 2021}} and succeeded in the primary election.{{Cite news|date=June 29, 1959|title=Women Candidates Fare Poorly in Primary Election|pages=4|work=The Honolulu Advertiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46631632/the-honolulu-advertiser/|access-date=June 15, 2021}} Despite this success, she was not elected to the position.{{Cite news|date=July 29, 1959|title=The mortality rate...|pages=8|work=Hawaii Tribune-Herald|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79595255/hawaii-tribune-herald/|access-date=June 15, 2021}}

= Legislative activity =

Hayes chaired the Education Committee during each term she served in the Territorial House.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=149}} A supporter of Hawaii statehood, she was appointed to the Hawaii Statehood Commission in 1947;{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=149}} she chaired the Hawaiian Homes Commission in 1949, and was a delegate to the Hawaii Constitutional Convention of 1950.{{Cite news|last=Wilder|first=Betty|date=March 1, 1951|title=Five Women in 1951 Legislature Help to Draft Hawaii's Laws|pages=13|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78724560/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=June 1, 2021}} There she ensured a section reserving certain areas of land for Native Hawaiians was included in the drafted state constitution. The draft was adopted officially upon Hawaii's statehood in 1959.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=150}}

While in the legislature, Hayes focused on legislation related to schools, parks, and playgrounds and welfare and the budget, giving some people the mistaken impression that she was a teacher. The Honolulu Advertiser reported that her proudest political achievement was the passage of legislation that established kindergartens in Hawaii's public schools.{{Cite news|date=February 4, 1968|title=Flora Hayes Dies; Former Legislator|pages=A-1A|work=The Honolulu Advertiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9309031/the-honolulu-advertiser/|access-date=June 13, 2021}} She also supported the establishment of a standardized salary system under which public school teachers were paid based on professional experience rather than the grade level they taught, as well as backing a bill that issued a bond of $1,500,000 to pay for land and buildings for public schools over the next 20 years.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=149}}

Outside the legislature

Hayes served in various positions outside the Hawaii Territorial Legislature, including:

Later life

File:King Kalakaua's Torah and yad.JPG on display at Temple Emanu-El in 2012.]]

After the death of Princess Abigail Kawānanakoa in 1945, the Kalakaua Torah was given to Hayes for safekeeping. Following her death in 1968, she left it to her son, Homer A. Hayes.{{Cite news|date=July 13, 1973|title=Jewish scroll is traced to former owner, King Kalakaua|pages=26|work=The Honolulu Advertiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78813146/the-honolulu-advertiser/|access-date=June 2, 2021}} Homer told Temple Emanu-El member Samuel Landau about the scroll in 1972, and it eventually passed into the Temple's ownership.

Hayes was chosen to play Elvis Presley's grandmother-in-law in the 1961 film Blue Hawaii. The Honolulu Star-Bulletin described the role as "the meatiest part handed out to Islanders". She was selected for the role after she was recognized by a member of the production staff who had worked on The Hurricane, the 1937 film in which Hayes had also played a role.{{Cite news|date=March 28, 1961|title=Mrs. Flora Hayes Returns to Screen To Play Elvis Presley's Grandmother|pages=10|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79515345/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=June 13, 2021}}

Around 1963, Hayes began volunteering with Annie Kanahele as a translator for the Bishop Museum, and they translated letters between aliʻi (hereditary nobility) as well as government documents.{{Cite news|last=Fawcett|first=Denby|date=July 23, 1965|title=Flora Hayes is translating letters of Isle kings, queens, and princes|page=B1|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://nupepa-hawaii.com/2019/10/30/flora-hayes-at-the-bishop-museum-1965/|access-date=June 1, 2021}} Hayes would read the letters aloud in Hawaiian, and Kanahele would transcribe them into English.{{Cite news|last=Cooke|first=Mary|date=June 2, 1971|title=New challenge for mothers|pages=55|work=The Honolulu Advertiser|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78812488/the-honolulu-advertiser/|access-date=June 2, 2021}} Hayes received an award in 1965 from the National Society of Arts and Letters in recognition of her translation work.{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=148}}

Hayes announced her candidacy as a delegate for the Hawaii Constitutional Convention of 1968 in December 1967.{{Cite news|date=April 23, 1968|title=Dr. Roberts seeks convention seat|pages=20|work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78812162/honolulu-star-bulletin/|access-date=June 2, 2021}} However, she died on February 3, 1968, at The Queen's Medical Center in Honolulu at age 74 before the election for convention delegates.{{Cite news |date=February 4, 1968 |title=Territorial Legislator Flora Kaai Hayes Dies |page=1 |work=Honolulu Star-Advertiser |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9309052/the-honolulu-advertiser/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210602041409/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78775116/the-spokesman-review/ |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |via=Newspapers.com}}{{Sfn|Keen|1984|p=150}}

Filmography

{{Notelist}}

References

=Citations=

{{Reflist}}

= Works cited =

{{Refbegin}}

  • {{Cite book|last=Keen|first=Edith Field|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11030010|title=Notable Women of Hawaii|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=1984|isbn=0-8248-0820-7|editor-last=Peterson|editor-first=Barbara Bennett|location=Honolulu|pages=147–150|chapter=HAYES, Flora Kekulalani Kaai|oclc=11030010}}

{{Refend}}

External links

  • {{IMDb name|0371014|name=Flora Hayes}}
  • {{find a Grave|119303098}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hayes, Flora Kaai}}

Category:1893 births

Category:1968 deaths

Category:20th-century American legislators

Category:20th-century American women politicians

Category:Hawaii Republicans

Category:Members of the Hawaii Territorial Legislature

Category:People from Oahu

Category:Native Hawaiian women in politics

Category:Kamehameha Schools alumni

Category:Women territorial legislators in Hawaii