Fokker F.III

{{Infobox aircraft begin

|name = Fokker F.III

|image = File:Fokker F.III van de KLM 2161 026473.jpg

|caption = Fokker F.III operated by KLM

}}{{Infobox aircraft type

|type = Passenger transport

|manufacturer =Fokker

|designer =Reinhold Platz

|first flight = April 1921

|introduced =

|retired =

|status =

|primary user = Deutsche Aero Lloyd

|more users = KLM

|produced =

|number built = c.66

|unit cost =

|developed from = Fokker F.II

|variants with their own articles =

}}

The Fokker F.III was a single-engined high-winged monoplane aircraft produced in the 1920s by the Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker. It could carry five passengers. The aircraft was also built under licence in Germany as the Fokker-Grulich F.III.

The design was quite popular when it was shown at the 1921 Paris Air Show, and it proved to be a successful early airliner. Although quickly surpassed by later designs in the 1920s, it was used on many early air routes in Europe. It was also involved in KLM's first air accident, which led to radio being required on aircraft.

Design and development

File:Anthony Fokker zit in de cockpit van een Fokker F.III 2161 026475.jpg behind the controls of the F.III; the engine cowling has been removed.]]

File:Fokker F.III (7585198454) (tight crop, grayscale, contrast).jpg

The Fokker F.III was a straightforward development of the F.II. A widened cabin allowed all five passengers to sit within; in the earlier aircraft, one passenger sat alongside the pilot in his exposed cockpit. The pilot now sat alongside the engine, which was offset laterally by about {{cvt|100|mm}}; whether to port or starboard depended on the type of engine installed. Although this unusual arrangement meant that pilots were "burned on one side and frozen on the other," they had a much better view than from the F.II. The view was further improved by a cut-out in the wing leading edge for the pilot's head, allowing his seat to be raised. The external wing struts of the F.II were removed, leaving a clean cantilever wing. The trapezoidal windows seen in the Grulich built F.IIs were standard on the F.III.

Like its predecessor, the F.III was initially powered by a readily available, war surplus 138 kW (185 hp) BMW IIIa engine, but once again KLM re-engined theirs with the 172 kW (230 hp) Armstrong Siddeley Puma.

A seaplane version was developed by Fokker, called the F.IIIw. However, this design did not go into production. The design had twin floats, and it had a longer fuselage and rudder. Such was the pace of aircraft development no blueprints are known, only several photographs.{{Cite web |title=Fokker F.III |url=http://www.dutch-aviation.nl/index5/Civil/index5-2%20F3.html |access-date=23 December 2023 |website=www.dutch-aviation.nl|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230163245/http://www.dutch-aviation.nl/index5/Civil/index5-2%20F3.html|archive-date=30 December 2023}}

An improved model known as the F.IIIs was also made, and this had new fuselage and tail fin. It was also called the Grulich V.I.

Operational history

File:Passagiers voor een Fokker F.III 2161 026476.jpg

File:Fokker-Grulich F.III 2161 026480.jpg

File:Grulich V.1, een verbouwde Fokker F.III 2161 026481.jpg

The F.III was first used by KLM when they reopened their Amsterdam-London service on 14 April 1921 (they did not, at this time operate over winter). Soon, F.IIIs were also flying on routes to Bremen, Brussels, Hamburg, and Paris. They proved to be very reliable aircraft. KLM received 14 F.IIIs from Fokker's German factory at Schwerin during 1921 and built two more itself from spares in the following year. This final pair used {{cvt|268|kW}} Rolls-Royce Eagle VIII engines, with the pilot on the left.

Another operator of new F.IIIs was Deutsch-Russiche Luftverkehrs Gesellschaft (Deruluft) which used nine aircraft on their Berlin-Königsberg-Moscow route from May 1922. These machines, partially built in Schwerin and finished in the Netherlands at Veere, had Eagle engines. One was a Fokker-Grulich.

Deutsche Aero Lloyd gained a licence to build F.IIIs as they had for F.IIs and the company, with its southern subsidiary built and operated 18 of these Fokker-Grulich F.IIIs. Most of these used BMW engines, typically the {{cvt|186|kW}} BMW IV in preference to the {{cvt|138|kW}} BMW IIIa. Some of these were re-engined with the {{cvt|239|kW}} BMW Va, and were designated F.IIIc.

Another operator from new was the Hungarian airline Malert, which received six Dutch-built aircraft for their Budapest-Vienna-Belgrade service from 1922 to 1929. These initially had BMW IIIa engines, but later ran with {{cvt|172|kW}} Breitfeld & Daněk Hiero IV engines. They had larger wings, increased in area by about 14%. Deutsche Luft-Reederei also operated two, originally intended for KLM. Four F.IIIs probably went to the United States.

Later F.IIIs changed ownership frequently as airlines went bankrupt or merged. They were still flying commercially in Germany until about 1936.

Accidents and incidents

The F.III as involved into two air crashes, that due to developing nature of air travel had a big impact. For example, one disappearance lead to the radios being required on aircraft.

1924 KLM Fokker F.III disappearance (This was the first major air accident of the airline KLM)
On 24 April 1924, Fokker F.III H-NABS of KLM departed Lympne for Rotterdam and Amsterdam. The aircraft was not heard of again. It was presumed to have crashed into the sea, killing the pilot and both passengers.{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Lost Aeroplane. Unavailing Search For Dutch Machine |date=26 April 1923 |page=10 |issue=43636 |column=F}}
On 25 June 1925, a KLM Fokker F.III, registration H-NABM, crashed at Landrécies, France in poor weather while on an Amsterdam-Paris service, killing all four on board.
1928 KLM Fokker F.III Waalhaven crash

Operators

File:CH-000957-X-1114 Mangold.tif

;{{flag|Australia}}

1 Privately owned

;{{flagicon|Danzig}} Free City of Danzig

Deutsche Luft-Reederei

;{{DNK}}

Det Danske Luftfartselskab

;{{flag|Weimar Republic}}

Deutsch-Russiche Luftverkehrs Gesellschaft (Deruluft)
Deutsche Aero Lloyd
Deutsche Aero Luft
Sud-deutsche Luft Hansa

;{{flag|Hungary|1920}}

Malert

;{{NLD}}

Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij (KLM)

;{{flag|Soviet Union|1924}}

Deruluft

;{{flag|Switzerland}}

Balair, operated 5 ex-KLM 1926-1928
Ost Schweizer Aero Gesellschaft (East Swiss Aero Company); operated 1 ex-Balair until 1929

Specifications

File:Fokker_F.III_3-view_Les_Ailes_June_23,_1921.png

{{Aircraft specs

|ref=FOKKER COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT from the F.1 of 1918 up to the Fokker 100 of today.,{{cite book |editor=de Leeuw, Rene |others=Illustrated by Serge Stone |title=FOKKER COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT from the F.1 of 1918 up to the Fokker 100 of today. |date=1994 |publisher=N. V. Konninklijke Nederlandse V. Fokker |location=Amsterdam |pages=22–29, 181–182}} Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1924,{{cite book |title=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1924 |editor1-last=Grey |editor1-first=C.G. |year=1924 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd |location=London |pages=175b–176b}} Flight 26 May 1921 : The Fokker F III Commercial Monoplane{{cite magazine |date=26 May 1921 |title=The Fokker F III Commercial Monoplane |magazine=Flight |volume=XIII |issue=21 |id=No. 648 |pages=355–359 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1921/1921%20-%200355.html |access-date=21 May 2019 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108145605/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1921/1921%20-%200355.html|archive-date=8 January 2019}}

|prime units?=met

|crew=1

|capacity= 5 passengers

|length m=11.07

|span m=17.68

|height m=3.2

|wing area sqm=45.65

|aspect ratio=

|airfoil=

|empty weight kg=1200

|gross weight kg=1905

|max takeoff weight kg=

|fuel capacity={{cvt|355|L|USgal impgal}}

|more general=

|eng1 number=1

|eng1 name= Siddeley Puma

|eng1 type=6-cylinder water-cooled in-line piston engine

|eng1 hp=230

|prop blade number=2

|prop name=fixed-pitch wooden propeller

|prop dia m=

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|max speed kmh=169

|max speed mach=

|cruise speed kmh=135

|stall speed kmh=

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|range km=1000

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