Ford Duratec V6 engine#VVT
{{for|other engines marketed as "Duratec"|Duratec}}
{{Infobox automobile engine
| name = Ford Duratec V6
| image = Duratec_073.jpg
| caption = {{cvt|2967|cc|L|1|disp=flip}} in a Mercury Sable
| manufacturer = Ford
| aka = Mondeo V6
| production = 1993-2012{{citation needed|date=February 2012}}
| predecessor = {{unbulleted list | Ford Vulcan | Mazda K series }}
| successor = Ford Cyclone engine (Upper size: Duratec 35)
Ford EcoBoost engine (Mazda MZI 35, Mazda GY)
| configuration = 60° V6
| displacement = {{unbulleted list | {{cvt|2498|cc|L cuin|1|order=flip}} | {{cvt|2544|cc|L cuin|1|order=flip}} | {{cvt|2967|cc|L cuin|1|order=flip}} }}
| bore = {{unbulleted list | {{cvt|81.66|mm|in|2}} | {{cvt|82.4|mm|in|2}} | {{cvt|89|mm|in}} }}
| stroke = {{cvt|79.5|mm|in|2}}
| block = Aluminum
| head = Aluminum
| valvetrain = DOHC 4 valves x cyl. with VVT
| timing = Chain
| compression = 9.7:1-10.0:1
| fuelsystem = Sequential multi-port fuel injection
| turbocharger = Twin-turbo (on Noble M400 and Rossion Q1)
| fueltype = Gasoline
| oilsystem = Wet sump
| coolingsystem = Water-cooled
| management = BorgWarner
| power = {{cvt|170-508|hp|0}}
| torque = {{cvt|165-521|lbft|Nm|0}}
| redline = 6500
}}
The Ford Duratec V6, is an aluminum-block, dual overhead cam V6 engine with a 60° bank angle and cast iron cylinder liners — introduced with the 1993 Ford Mondeo and used widely through 2012 in numerous vehicles by Ford's associates brands, including Mercury, Lincoln, Jaguar and Mazda.
Ford's design brief outlined an engine for front-drive, transverse layouts, short enough for an 11-metre turning radius and with class-leading performance, emissions, economy and durability — as well as reduced NVH.
Interviewed at the time of the engine's U.S. launch in the Ford Contour, head of Ford's V6 program Bruce Coventry noted that Ford had turned to Porsche at a time when its engine development resources were stretched thin. Porsche had already completed the engine's early development — which explains its commonality with Porsche's engines of the period.{{cite web
|title = Jaguar AJ-V6 engine tech guide
|publisher = Prestige and Performance Car
|author = Paul Wager
|date = October 18, 2023
|url = https://prestigeandperformancecar.com/jaguar/jaguar-aj-v6-engine-tech-guide/}} Notably the cylinder head design and use of a main bearing ladder design both recall Porsche's V8 engine design for its 928.
While primary engineering was thus Porsche-derived,{{cite web|url=https://performanceparts.ford.com/download/pdfs/EngineHistory.pdf | title=Ford Racing Engine History | date=July 2018}} Ford licensed a high-integrity cylinder head manufacturing method from Cosworth, {{cite web|url=http://www.enginebuildermag.com/2005/09/rebuilding-the-ford-3-0l/ |title=Rebuilding the Ford 3.0L |publisher=Enginebuildermag.com |date=September 2005}} specifically a sand casting process developed by noted scientist John Campbell which used zircon as its casting aggregate, where the mold was preheated and cooled to achieve even temperatures and where the mold was rotated during casting to improve material uniformity and create dimensional accuracy, high strength, and a dense, low- or no-porosity structure — the so-called Cosworth Casting Method.{{cite web
|title = Cosworth sand casting process
|publisher = Giesserei Lexikon
|author =
|date =
|url = https://www.giessereilexikon.com/en/foundry-lexicon/Encyclopedia/show/cosworth-sand-casting-process-4469/?cHash=ddde18037a998b40e112375beb5ce6e8}}
Inspired by the variable intake system on its 4.6-litre ‘modular’ V8 which used dual intake ports opening and closing so as to vary the effective inlet tract length, with the early 2.5-litre variant of the US-market Contour's Duratec, the torque varied by no more than five per cent from 1500rpm up to 5200rpm. Bruce Coventry said “there won’t be a four-valve V6 that can match our torque curve." At higher speeds, the engine's inlet tract was effectively shortened at higher speeds. The design featured a cam chain vs a belt, an efficient water pump and an over-capacity oil pump.
During its ownership by Ford's Premier Automotive Group, Aston Martin reportedly created a V12 engine by hand-welding two 2.0 Duratec blocks together.
The engine features fracture-split (cracked) forged powder metal connecting rods, and a forged steel crankshaft in two major variants for the 3.0L version: a 232 hp using direct-acting mechanical bucket (DAMB) tappets and a 208 hp variant using roller finger followers (RFF) .
The engines were manufactured at Ford's Cleveland Engine Plant 2, which had undergone a $688M renovation in 1988 when the 3.0L Duratec engine family was under design.{{cite web
|title = Rebuilding the Ford 3.0L
|publisher = Engine Rebuilder
|author = Roy Berndt
|date = September 1, 2005
|url = https://www.enginebuildermag.com/2005/09/rebuilding-the-ford-3-0l/}} Every engine was hot-run on an 85-foot, 34-station carousel that monitored eight critical operational functions for a minimum of four minutes prior to its completion. The plant floor was composed of individually laid cross-cut end-grain wood blocksto eliminate vibration transfer within the assembly area. Approximately 3.5 million 3.0L Duratec engines had been manufactured by late 2005.
2.5 L
The Duratec 25 is a 2.5 L (2544 cc) 60° V6 and was introduced in 1994. It was developed for the Ford Contour and also used in the Ford Mondeo Mk 1 and others. Bore and stroke is {{cvt|82.4x79.5|mm|in|2}}.
The Duratec 25 was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 1995 and 1996, and the SVT version made the list for 1998 and 1999.
= SVT =
An SVT version produced {{cvt|195|hp|kW|0}} and {{cvt|165|lbft|Nm|0}} in 1998. It included a larger throttle body from the Duratec 30, a new cone-shaped air filter, and abrasive flow machining processing on the intake manifold. SVT specific cams, a lighter flywheel and low-restriction exhaust complete the picture. Further improvements (mostly improved intake porting of the heads) were made in 1999 that raised power output to {{cvt|200|hp|kW|0}} and {{cvt|169|lbft|Nm|0}} and were carried over in the 2000 model. The SVT engine was used in the 1998 to 2001 European Ford Mondeo Mk 2, Ford Cougar and called the ST200, it also appeared in the American Ford Contour SVT.
=Duratec 2.5 L=
The Duratec 2.5 L (aka Mondeo V6) DOHC 24 valve engine had {{cvt|170|hp|0}} at 6,250 rpm and {{cvt|165|lbft|Nm|0}} of torque at 4250 rpm. Used in the Ford Mondeo Mk 3 and last generation Ford/Mercury Cougar (1999-2002). The Displacement of the 2.5 L VE was decreased from 2544 to 2495cc.
= Mazda GY =
Mazda used the Duratec 25 block and camshafts in their 2000 MPV.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} However, they reduced the size from {{cvt|2544|to|2495|cc|L|2|disp=flip}} to keep under a 2.5 L tax cap in Japan. This was accomplished with a reduction of the bore from {{cvt|82.42|mm|in|3}} to {{cvt|81.66|mm|in|3}}. The engine produced {{cvt|170|hp|kW|0}} at 6250 rpm and {{cvt|165|lbft|Nm|0}} of torque. It was replaced in 2002 with the larger 3.0 L Duratec 30-based Mazda AJ.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}
3.0 L
Ford's DOHC V6, marketed as the Duratec 30, was introduced in 1996 as a replacement for the 3.8 L Essex engine used in the Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable. With {{cvt|2967|cc|L|1|disp=flip}} of displacement and produces between {{cvt|200|hp|kW|0}} and {{cvt|240|hp|kW|0}} it was essentially a variant of the Duratec 25, bored to {{cvt|88.9|mm|in}}. Manufactured at Ford's Cleveland Engine #2 plant, a slightly modified version for the Ford Five Hundred entered production at the Cleveland Engine #1 plant in 2004.
Using an aluminum engine block and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads, the cylinders are lined with cast iron. It uses sequential fuel injection, has 4 valves per cylinder and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods and an assembled cast aluminum intake manifold.
The {{cvt|2967|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}, {{cvt|226|hp|0}} V6 used in the Mondeo ST220 is called the Duratec ST. The {{cvt|2967|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}, {{cvt|204|hp|0}} V6 in the Mondeo Titanium is called the Duratec SE.
There are two key versions of the Duratec 30:
- DAMB - The Jaguar AJ30 versions have direct-acting mechanical bucket (DAMB) tappets. Output is {{cvt|240|hp|kW|0}} at 6750 rpm with {{cvt|220|lbft|Nm|0}} of torque at 4500 rpm.
- RFF - The Taurus/Sable/Escape version used roller finger followers (RFF) instead and produced {{cvt|201|hp|kW|0}} at 5900 rpm with {{cvt|207|lbft|Nm|0}} of torque at 4400 rpm.
Applications include the Jaguar S-Type, Lincoln LS, Mazda MPV, Mazda6, Mondeo ST220, Ford Five Hundred, Ford Freestyle — and numerous other Ford vehicles.
File:2006 Mercury Montego Duratec 30 engine.JPG]]
Applications:
- {{cvt|205|hp|0}}
- 1996-2005 Ford Taurus/Mercury Sable
- 2001-2005 Ford Escape/Mercury Mariner/Mazda Tribute
- 2005-2007 Ford Five Hundred, Mercury Montego and Ford Freestyle
=VCT=
File:2006 Mercury Milan Duratec 30 engine.JPG]]
The 2006 Ford Fusion, Mercury Milan, and Lincoln Zephyr feature a version of the Duratec 30 utilizing variable camshaft timing. The VCT is a RFF engine derived from the Mazda MZI and does not have the mechanical buckets as on the Lincoln LS version.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}
The engine has an output of {{cvt|221|bhp|kW PS|0}} at 6250 rpm, and {{cvt|205|lbft|Nm|0}} of torque at 4800 rpm.
In second generation of the engine, it is updated to run on E85. This version of the engine has an output of {{cvt|240|bhp|kW PS|0}} at 6550 rpm and {{cvt|223|lbft|Nm|0}} at 4300 rpm while running on 87 octane gasoline, and {{cvt|250|bhp|kW PS|0}} at 6250 rpm and {{cvt|231|lbft|Nm|0}} at 4150 rpm whilst running on E85. To achieve this, the engine now includes Cam Torque Actuated Variable Cam Timing developed with BorgWarner. Fuel saving features include adaptive knock control and aggressive deceleration fuel cutoff.{{cite web|author= Sam Abuelsamid |url=http://www.autobloggreen.com/2008/10/30/tech-analysis-2010-ford-fusion-mercury-milan-powertrains-38-mp/ |title=Tech Analysis: 2010 Ford Fusion/Mercury Milan powertrains, 38 mpg hybrid! |publisher=Autobloggreen.com |access-date=2012-02-03}}
First generation
- 2006-2009 Ford Fusion
- 2006-2009 Mercury Milan
- 2006 Lincoln Zephyr
- 2003-2008 Mazda6
Second generation
- 2010-2012 Ford Fusion
- 2010-2011 Mercury Milan
- 2009-2012 Ford Escape
= Replacement =
The Fusion later received the all new Duratec 35 V6 as an option to remain competitive with the Toyota Camry and Honda Accord. The older Duratec 30 remained as a step up from the base I4 in the Fusion, but the Milan kept the {{cvt|2967|cc|L|1|disp=flip}} as its sole V6 until it was discontinued for the 2011 model year. Eventually, the Duratec 30 was discontinued in favor of the newer Duratec 35 and its variants.
Other applications
A twin-turbocharged version of this engine is used in the Noble M400, a British sports car. The engine is rebuilt and tuned to a max power of {{cvt|425|bhp|0}} at 6500 rpm, with a torque figure of {{cvt|390|lbft|Nm|0}} at 5000 rpm. Noble has used forged pistons, an oil cooler, a larger baffled oil sump and extra cooling ducts to maintain its durability. {{cvt|29|L/100km|mpgUS mpgimp}}.
The 2015 Rossion Q1 is also powered by the Duratec V6, developing a maximum power of {{cvt|508|bhp|PS kW|0}} at 4700 rpm, with a torque figure of {{cvt|521|lbft|0}} at 4700 rpm.{{cite web | title = Rossion Cars | url = http://www.rossioncars.com/models/q1/specifications/ | publisher = Rossion Automotive | access-date = February 27, 2014}}(Q1 Specs){{cite web
|url=http://myautoworld.com/autonews/42697
|website=Myautoworld.com
|title=2015 Rossion Q1
|date=January 13, 2015
|access-date=September 24, 2018}} It has a weight-to-power ratio of {{cvt|{{#expr:2299/508 round 1}}|lb}}/hp. As with the Noble M400, the Q1 uses a {{cvt|2967|cc|L CID|1|order=flip}} transversely-mounted, rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout, twin-turbocharged engine.{{cite web | first = Jonny | last = Lieberman | title = First Drive: Rossion Q1 is a supercar for the slightly rich | url = http://www.autoblog.com/2009/08/27/first-drive-rossion-q1-is-a-supercar-for-the-slightly-rich/ | work = Autoblog | publisher = Weblogs, Inc. | date = August 27, 2009 | access-date = November 10, 2009}}{{cite web | url = http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=121670 | title = Rossion Q1: New U.S. Supercar Comes From Noble Stock | access-date = 2008-08-06 | date = 2007-07-12 | publisher = Edmunds Inc. | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080606022723/http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=121670 | archive-date = 2008-06-06 }}
Mazda's MZI version{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} adds variable valve timing, as does Jaguar's AJ30. Note that the MZI name is also used in Europe on Mazda's version of the Ford Sigma I4. The {{cvt|2967|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}, {{cvt|220.71|hp|0}} V6 used in the Mondeo ST220 is called Duratec ST. {{cvt|2967|cc|L|1|disp=flip}} {{cvt|204|hp|0}} V6 in the Mondeo Titanium is called Duratec SE. {{cvt|28.1|mpgUS}}
A racing version of this engine exists and is used on mini prototypes like the Juno SS3 V6. It is a {{cvt|2967|cc|L|1|disp=flip}} naturally aspirated non variable timing engines producing between {{cvt|350|and|400|hp|0}} with a redline of around 8700 rpm. The engine has a 40-hour racing life span before it needs to be rebuilt with rings and bearings, and has proven very reliable and competitive. The engine has a Jaguar badge, and is branded as a Jaguar {{convert|2967|cc|L|1|disp=flip}} V6 since it is built and mostly sold in the U.K.
3.4 L SHO V8
{{Main|Ford SHO V8 engine}}
Ford's 3.4 L SHO V8 is related to the 2.5 L Duratec V6.{{cite web|url=https://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/1997/wk9720.html |title=Ford Taurus SHO (1997) |publisher=Theautochannel.com |access-date=2012-01-27}} Each cylinder uses the same bore and stroke as the 2.5 L, but this engine was never officially referred to with the Duratec name.
5.9 L V12
{{Cleanup rewrite|2=section|date=February 2013}}
{{Main|Aston Martin V12 engine}}
Ford's 5.9 L V12 version of its Duratec engine is used in the present Aston Martin lineup. It is best thought of as two {{cvt|2967|cc|L|1|disp=flip}} Duratec V6s mated end to end, albeit with slightly larger main journals. The engine has also received extensive crankshaft modifications, giving the engine uneven firing intervals. The regular Aston Martin V12 uses roller rockers (RFF),{{Cite web|url=https://www.motoiq.com/magazine_articles/id/2684/nerds-eye-view-2014-aston-martin-vanquish.aspx|title = Nerd's Eye View: 2014 Aston Martin Vanquish|date = 26 August 2012}} and was designed by Ford and Cosworth.{{cite web |url=http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=4588 |title=Media.Ford.com: Aston Martin's High Technology V12 |access-date=2014-09-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507191139/http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=4588 |archive-date=2006-05-07 }}
{{cite web |url=http://www.astonmartins.com/vanquish/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040923014817/http://www.astonmartins.com/vanquish/index.html |archive-date=2004-09-23 |title=Aston Martin Picture Gallery - V12 Vanquish index}} Cosworth assembled the V12 engines for a year before Aston Martin took over production.{{cite web |url=http://www.astonmartins.com/factory/db9_production.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050111213209/http://www.astonmartins.com/factory/db9_production.htm |archive-date=2005-01-11 |title=Aston Martin s . com - DB9 production, Gaydon}}
[https://archive.today/20130410195118/http://media.ford.com/article_download.cfm?article_id=15421] However, Cosworth still casts the heads and blocks.https://www.mahle-powertrain.com/C1257126002DFC22/vwContentByUNID/C807923162DF211EC12578CD00529814/$FILE/Castings%20Flyer%20EN.pdf{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Cite web |url=http://www.mahle.com/C1256F7900537A47/vwContentByKey/W26FKK5C803MARSEN/$FILE/Press%20Information%20MAHLE%20Expands%20Powertrain%20Capabilities_en.pdf |title=Press Information — "MAHLE Expands Powertrain Capabilities" |access-date=2014-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630193644/http://www.mahle.com/C1256F7900537A47/vwContentByKey/W26FKK5C803MARSEN/$FILE/Press%20Information%20MAHLE%20Expands%20Powertrain%20Capabilities_en.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-30 |url-status=dead }} The variant used in the Aston Martin One-77 uses (DLC coated) DAMB cam followers like the later Duratec engines,{{Cite web |url=http://www.enginetechnologyinternational.com/downloads/Aston_Martin.pdf |title=Powertrain partners |access-date=2014-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630120734/http://www.enginetechnologyinternational.com/downloads/Aston_Martin.pdf |archive-date=2014-06-30 |url-status=dead }} and is built by Cosworth.{{Cite web|url=http://www.themanufacturer.com/articles/cosworth-engine-of-growth/|title=Cosworth: Engine of growth}}{{Cite web |url=http://cosworth.com/pr-media/news-archive/automotive/aston-martin-reveal-one-77-supercar/ |title=Cosworth.com | Aston Martin reveal One-77 supercar |access-date=2014-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727012312/http://www.cosworth.com/pr-media/news-archive/automotive/aston-martin-reveal-one-77-supercar/ |archive-date=2014-07-27 |url-status=dead }}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Ford Taurus}}
{{Ford engine timeline}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ford Duratec V6 engine}}