Fort Phil Kearny

The post was named for Major General Philip Kearny (1815–1862), a popular figure in the Civil War. The fort should be distinguished from the similarly named Fort Kearny in Nebraska, which was named for his uncle, Stephen Kearny (1794–1848). Today, the fort and the nearby Fetterman and Wagon Box battle sites are maintained by the State of Wyoming as the Fort Phil Kearny State Historic Site.

The fort was located along the east side of the Bighorn Mountains in present-day northern Johnson County, approximately {{convert|15|mi|spell=in}} north of Buffalo. Along with Fort Reno and Fort C. F. Smith, the fort was established along the Bozeman Trail in the Powder River Country at the height of the Indian Wars to protect prospective miners traveling the trail north from the Oregon Trail to present-day Montana.

At an elevation of {{convert|4700|ft|-1}} above sea level, Fort Phil Kearny was the largest of the three stockaded fortifications along the trail. Its {{convert|8|ft|m|adj=mid|-high|spell=in}} log walls enclosed an area of {{convert|17|acre|}}. The longer walls on the northeast and southwest sides each measured {{convert|1496|ft}} in length; the width of the northwest side was {{convert|600|ft}} and this tapered to {{convert|240|ft}} at the southeast side. The perimeter of the stockade was approximately {{convert|3900|ft|-1}}, and its construction took more than four thousand logs. Further building construction in 1867 required over 606,000 board feet of lumber and 130,000 adobe bricks.

The fort was under continuous construction and was nearing completion in December 1866, when its garrison was due to be re-designated the 27th Infantry. At its peak strength, the garrison numbered 400 troops and 150 civilians: 9 officers, a surgeon, and 329 enlisted men of five infantry companies of the 18th/27th Infantry, including the newly recruited Company K, 27th; one officer and 60 men of Company C, 2nd Cavalry, and 150 civilian quartermaster and contractor employees.

The fort, known to the Indians as the "hated post on the Little Piney",Keenan, Jerry; (2000:8) The Wagon Box Fight: An Episode of Red Cloud's War, Savas Publishing. {{ISBN|1-882810-87-2}} played an important role in Red Cloud's War. The area around the fort was the site of the Fetterman Fight in 1866 and the Wagon Box Fight in 1867. By 1868, the Union Pacific Railroad had reached far enough west that emigrants could reach the Montana gold fields through present-day Idaho, rendering the dangerous Bozeman Trail obsolete {{citation needed|reason=Idaho not part of Union Pacific routes until early 1870s|date=June 2023}}. All three forts along the trail were abandoned as part of the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868).{{cite web| url=https://www.sheridanwyoming.org/arts-culture/historic-sites/ft-phil-kearny/|title=FT. PHIL KEARNY|publisher=Sheridan, Wyoming.org|date=|access-date=May 11, 2024}} Shortly thereafter, Fort Phil Kearny was burned by Cheyenne Indians.

Fort Phil Kearny, including the nearby sites of the Fetterman Fight and the Wagon Box Fight, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960.{{Cite web|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Fort Phil Kearny and Related Sites|url={{NHLS url|id=66000756}} |format=pdf|date=January 3, 1976 |author=Stephen Lissandrello |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NHLS url|id=66000756|title=Accompanying 25 photos, from 1953, 1987, 1960 and undated|photos=y}} {{small|(32 KB)}}

File:Fort_Phil_Kearny_flag.png

Fort Phil Kearny State Historic Site includes a visitor center with exhibits, videos, a bookstore, and self-guided tours of the fort grounds and outlying sites. The tour marks the archaeological remains of the fort's buildings. A cabin built by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) has been furnished to depict the period quarters of an officer's wife and a non-commissioned officer's quarters. Visitors can also tour the nearby battlefields which are located within a five-mile radius of the visitor center and include interpretive trails.

In 1966, NBC televised "The Massacre at Fort Phil Kearny" on the anthology series Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre.{{cite web|title=Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre: Massacre at Fort Phil Kearney |date=October 26, 1966 |publisher=Internet Movie Database |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0528193/?ref_=ttep_ep20 |accessdate=}}

Fort Phil Kearny was also the subject of the 1951 movie Tomahawk starring Van Heflin, by Universal International (UI) Pictures. The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) called the movie unusually accurate historically. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0044135/

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|image2 = Fort Phil Kearney - Pilot Hill.JPG

|footer = Plan of Fort Kearney from Indian Fights and Fighters (1904){{cite book |last=Brady |first=Cyrus Townsend |title=Indian Fights and Fighters-The Soldier and the Sioux |url=https://archive.org/details/indianfightsfigh00bradrich |publisher=McClure, Phillips and Co |location=New York |year=1904 }} (left). Pilot Hill, where a lookout was established. Communication with the fort was via signal flags.{{cite book |last1=Vestal |first1=Stanley |title=Jim Bridger |date=1970 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |location=Lincoln |isbn=9780803257207 |page=272,321–322}} (right)

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{{Reflist|2}}

• {{cite book |last=Brown |first=Dee |year=1962 |title=Fort Phil Kearny: An American Saga |location=Lincoln, NE |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |isbn=0-8032-5730-9}}
• {{cite book |last=Punke |first=Michael |year=2021 |title=Ridgeline: A Novel |location=New York, NY |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |isbn=9-7812-5031-046-0}}

{{Commons category|Fort Phil Kearny}}

• [http://www.fortphilkearny.com/ Fort Phil Kearny State Historic Site] - official site
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20150309051710/http://www.philkearny.vcn.com/fortphilkearny.htm Fort Phil Kearny State Historic Site] - Fort Phil Kearny/Bozeman Trail Association

{{NRHP in Johnson County, Wyoming}}

{{Protected areas of Wyoming}}

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Category:Pre-statehood history of Wyoming

Category:National Historic Landmarks in Wyoming

Category:Red Cloud's War

Category:Wyoming state historic sites

Category:Military and war museums in Wyoming

Category:Museums in Johnson County, Wyoming

Category:Civilian Conservation Corps in Wyoming

Phil Kearny

Category:Protected areas of Johnson County, Wyoming

Category:National Register of Historic Places in Johnson County, Wyoming

Category:IUCN Category III