Fort Tombecbe

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}

{{Infobox NRHP

| name = Fort Tombecbe

| nrhp_type =

| image = File:Fort Tombecbe diagram.jpg

| caption = Plan of Fort Tombecbe in March 1737 drawn by Ignace François Broutin.

| location = Epes, Alabama

| coordinates = {{coord|32|41|53|N|88|7|4|W|display=inline,title}}

| locmapin = Alabama#USA

| area =

| built = 1736

| architect =

| architecture =

| added = October 02, 1973

| refnum = 73000373

{{NRISref|2008a}}

}}

Fort Tombecbe (Fort de Tombecbé), also spelled Tombecbee and Tombeché, was a stockade fort located on the Tombigbee River near the border of French Louisiana, in what is now Sumter County, Alabama.{{cite web |url=http://www.alabamacanebrake.org/resultsdetail.asp?id=410 |title=Fort Tombecbe |accessdate=2 December 2008 |work=Dr. Joe Wilkins |publisher=alabamacanebrake.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210044052/http://www.alabamacanebrake.org/resultsdetail.asp?id=410 |archive-date=10 February 2010 |url-status=dead }} It was constructed under the leadership of Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville in 1736–1737 as trading post about {{convert|270|mi|km}} upriver from Mobile, on an {{convert|80|ft|m|adj=on}} limestone bluff.{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-1102 |title=Le Moyne Brothers |accessdate=2 December 2008 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Alabama }} Fort Tombecbe was built in Choctaw lands and would play a major role in colonial France's efforts to stop British intrusions into the area. Bienville claimed that the new fort was to protect the Choctaw from the Chickasaw.{{cite web |url=http://www.riversofalabama.org/Tombigbee/TB_History.htm |title=Tombigbee History |accessdate=2 December 2008 |work=RiversofAlabama.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509064525/http://www.riversofalabama.org/Tombigbee/TB_History.htm |archive-date=9 May 2008 |url-status=dead }} In May of 1736, Bienville, along with a force of 600 soldiers combined with a force of 600 Choctaw warriors, set out from Fort Tombecbe and attacked the Chickasaw near present-day Tupelo, Mississippi at the Battle of Ackia.{{cite web |title=Fort Tombecbe History |url=http://www.forttombecbe.org/page/History |website=Fort Tombecbe |access-date=7 November 2021}} Tombecbe was a major French outpost and trade depot among the Choctaw, the largest Native American group in the colony.

Control passed to the British in 1763, who renamed it Fort York. In 1793 Spain acquired the site—by then the fort had been abandoned—from the Choctaw via the Treaty of Boukfouka and built a new fort, which was named Fort Confederación.{{cite book|last=Wells|first=Mary Ann|title=Native land: Mississippi, 1540-1798|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YVenVk3HFJ8C&pg=PA196|accessdate=25 March 2011|year=1994|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|isbn=978-0-87805-734-4|page=196}} It is also known as Fort Confederation.{{cite book|last=Hudson|first=Charles M.|title=Four Centuries of Southern Indians|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UcY20I7XXMAC&pg=PA71|accessdate=25 March 2011|date=December 2007|publisher=University of Georgia Press|isbn=978-0-8203-3132-4|page=71}} After the United States took possession, via the 1802 Treaty of Fort Confederation, it continued to be used as a trading post with the Choctaws until its eventual abandonment in the 19th century.

The Fort Tombecbe site is currently owned by the University of West Alabama and the Archaeological Conservancy, and operated by the staff of the Black Belt Museum.{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-3080 |title=Fort Tombecbe |accessdate=14 October 2011 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Alabama }}

File:Fort Tombecbe.jpg