Four Freedoms Award#Special presentations
{{Short description|Reinforces FDR State of the Union Principles (1941)}}
{{Infobox award|name=Four Freedoms Award||image=Froosevelt.jpeg|caption=President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, painted by Francis Owen Salisbury, 1947|country=United States|firstawarded=|presenter=|location=|website=|reward=|established=1982|image2=100px|caption2=Ribbon of the award|status=}}
The Four Freedoms Award is an annual award presented to "those men and women whose achievements have demonstrated a commitment to those principles which US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt proclaimed in his Four Freedoms speech to the United States Congress on January 6, 1941, as essential to democracy: "freedom of speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear". The annual award is handed out in alternate years in New York City by the Roosevelt Institute to Americans and in Middelburg, Netherlands, by the Roosevelt Stichting to non-Americans.
History
{{listen
|title=State of the Union (Four Freedoms) (January 6, 1941)
|filename=FDR's 1941 State of the Union (Four Freedoms speech) Edit 1.ogg
|description =Franklin Delano Roosevelt's January 6, 1941 State of the Union Address introducing the theme of the Four Freedoms (starting at 32:02)
|image=File:FDR in 1933.jpg]]
}}
The awards were first presented in 1982 on the centennial of President Roosevelt's birth as well as the bicentennial of diplomatic relations between the United States and the Netherlands. The awards were founded to celebrate the Four Freedoms espoused by President Roosevelt in his speech:
For each of the four freedoms an award was instituted, as well as a special Freedom medal. In 1990, 1995, 2003 and 2004 there were also special awards.
In odd years the awards are presented to American citizens or institutions by the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute in New York City, though in the past the American awards were given in Hyde Park, New York. In even years the award ceremony is held in Middelburg and honors non-Americans. The choice of Middelburg was motivated by the suspected descendance of the family Roosevelt from Oud-Vossemeer in the municipality Tholen.
Laureates
=Freedom Medal=
=Freedom of Speech=
File:Max van der Stoel, ex-minister ontvangt de Freedom of Speech Award uit handen va, Bestanddeelnr 932-3654.jpg receives the Freedom of Speech award, 16 October 1982]]
{{quote|The first is freedom of speech and expression — everywhere in the world.|Roosevelt, January 6, 1941}}
class="wikitable"
! Year !! Middelburg !! Year !! Hyde Park | |||
1982 | Max van der Stoel | 1983 | Joseph L. Rauh, Jr. |
1984 | Amnesty International | 1985 | Kenneth B. Clark |
1986 | El País | 1987 | Herbert Block |
1988 | Ellen Johnson Sirleaf | 1989 | Walter Cronkite |
1990 | No Award | 1991 | James Reston |
1992 | Mstislav Rostropovich | 1993 | Arthur Miller |
1994 | Marion Dönhoff | 1995 | Mary McGrory |
1996 | John Hume | 1997 | Sidney R. Yates |
1998 | CNN | 1999 | John Lewis |
2000 | Bronisław Geremek | 2001 | The New York Times and the Ochs/Sulzberger Family |
2002 | Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty | 2003 | Studs Terkel |
2004 | Lennart Meri | 2005 | Tom Brokaw |
2006 | Carlos Fuentes | 2007 | Bill Moyers |
2008 | Lakhdar Brahimi | 2009 | Anthony Romero |
2010 | Novaya Gazeta | 2011 | Michael J. Copps |
2012 | Al Jazeera | 2013 | Paul Krugman |
2014 | Maryam Durani | 2015 | Arthur Mitchell |
2016 | Mazen Darwish | 2017 | Dan Rather |
2018 | Erol Önderoğlu | 2019 | The Boston Globe |
2020 | Maria Ressa | 2021 | Nikole Hannah-Jones |
2022 | Đỗ Nguyễn Mai Khôi | 2023 | Tracie Hall |
2024 | Bellingcat | 2025 |
File:Max van der Stoel 2.jpg 1982]] | |File:John lewis official biopic.jpg | |File:Dmitry Muratov Four Freedoms Award 2010.jpg on behalf of Novaya Gazeta |
=Freedom of Worship=
File:"Freedom of Worship" - NARA - 513537.jpg, a painting of Norman Rockwell of 1943]]
{{quote|The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way — everywhere in the world.|Roosevelt, January 6, 1941}}
File:Corettascottking.jpg 1983]] |File:Elie Wiesel.jpg |File:Kardinaal Alfrink.JPG |File:Bartolomew I.jpg |
=Freedom from Want=
File:"Freedom From Want" - NARA - 513539.jpg of painter Norman Rockwell of 1943]]
{{quote|The third is freedom from want — which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants — everywhere in the world.|Roosevelt, January 6, 1941}}
File:Robert McNamara official portrait.jpg 1983]] |File:Mary Lasker.jpg |File:Grameen Yunus Dec 04.jpg |File:Ela Bhatt at the Qalandia Women's Cooperative.jpg |
=Freedom from Fear=
File:"Freedom from Fear" - NARA - 513538.jpg of Norman Rockwell of 1943]]
{{quote|The fourth is freedom from fear — which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor — anywhere in the world.|Roosevelt, January 6, 1941}}
class="wikitable"
! Year !! Middelburg !! Year !! Hyde Park | |||
1982 | J. Herman van Roijen | 1983 | Jacob K. Javits |
1984 | Brian Urquhart | 1985 | Isidor Rabi |
1986 | Olof Palme (posthumously) | 1987 | George Kennan |
1988 | Armand Hammer | 1989 | J. William Fulbright |
1990 | Simon Wiesenthal | 1991 | Mike Mansfield |
1992 | Lord Carrington | 1993 | George Ball |
1994 | Zdravko Grebo | 1995 | Elliot Richardson |
1996 | Shimon Peres | 1997 | Daniel K. Inouye |
1998 | Craig Kielburger | 1999 | Robert O. Muller |
2000 | Louise Arbour | 2001 | W.W. II veterans as represented by |
2002 | Ernesto Zedillo | 2003 | Robert C. Byrd |
2004 | Max Kohnstamm | 2005 | Lee H. Hamilton and Thomas Kean |
2006 | Aung San Suu Kyi | 2007 | Brent Scowcroft |
2008 | Willemijn Verloop - War Child | 2009 | Pasquale J. D'Amuro |
2010 | Gareth Evans | 2011 | Bryan A. Stevenson |
2012 | Hussain al-Shahristani | 2013 | Ameena Matthews |
2014 | Malala Yousafzai | 2015 | The Nation |
2016 | Human Rights Watch | 2017 | Cristina Jiménez Moreta |
2018 | Urmila Chaudhary | 2019 | Sandy Hook Promise |
2020 | Leoluca Orlando | 2021 | Worker Rights Activists for the Excluded Workers Fund |
2022 | ÜniKuir | 2023 | Bennie Thompson |
2024 | Grace Forrest | 2025 |
File:JWilliamFulbright.jpeg 1989]] |File:Bobby Muller.jpg |File:Louise Arbour - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2011.jpg |
=Special presentations=
class="wikitable" | |||
valign="top"
|1984 | Simone Veil (Centennial Award)
|2002 | William vanden Heuvel
|2005 | BBC World Service |
1990 | Mikhail Gorbachev
|2003 | Arthur Schlesinger Jr.
|2005 | Mary Soames |
1995 | Jonas Salk
|2004 | Anton Rupert
|2006 | Mike Wallace |
1995 | Ruud Lubbers
|2004 | Bob Dole
|2008 | Forrest Church |
See also
{{Portal|Freedom of speech}}
References
- Roosevelt Institute, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150325223647/http://www.rooseveltinstitute.org/four-freedoms-awards List of laureates]
- NOS (2008) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=da7SSVh_rsA#! TV documentary on the Four Freedoms Award]
- Oosthoek, A.L. (2010) Roosevelt in Middelburg: the four freedoms awards 1982-2008, {{ISBN|978-9079875214}}
- American Rhetoric, [http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrthefourfreedoms.htm Four Freedoms Speech] of Roosevelt
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [http://www.oudvossemeer.com/ffsp.htm Four Freedoms Monument]
- [http://www.rooseveltinstitute.org Roosevelt Institute website]
{{Franklin D. Roosevelt}}
Category:Free expression awards
Category:American humanitarian and service awards
Category:Religion-related awards
Category:Awards established in 1982
Category:Monuments and memorials to Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States