Four Mile Dam Formation

{{Short description|Geological feature in Michigan USA}}

{{Infobox rockunit

| name = Four Mile Dam Formation

| image = File:An examination of the Devonian fishes of Michigan fig-5-full.png

| caption = Vertebrate remains from the Four Mile Dam Formation.

| type = Geological formation

| age = {{fossil range|Givetian|Givetian|Middle Devonian (Givetian)}}

| period = Devonian

| prilithology = Limestone

| otherlithology =

| namedfor =

| namedby = Cooper & Warthin

| year_ts = 1941

| region = {{Flag|Michigan}}

| country = {{Flag|United States}}

| coordinates =

| unitof = Traverse Group

| subunits =

| underlies =

| overlies =

| thickness =

| extent =

| area =

| map =

| map_caption =

}}

The Four Mile Dam Formation, also called the Four Mile Dam Limestone, is a geologic formation in Michigan. It preserves fossils dating back to the middle Devonian period.

File:An examination of the Devonian fishes of Michigan fig-1-full.png

Fossil content

=Vertebrates=

==Acanthodians==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Acanthodians reported from the Four Mile Dam Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
'Acanthodii'

|Unidentified

|

|"Two partial fin spines (JS 120, JS 121)".{{Cite journal |last=Stack |first=Jack |last2=Sallan |first2=Lauren |date=2018-09-20 |title=An examination of the Devonian fishes of Michigan |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327778213_An_examination_of_the_Devonian_fishes_of_Michigan |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |issue=2 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5636|doi-access=free |pmc=6151260 }}

| "Distinct from named acanthodians (Gyracanthus, Machaeracanthus, and Oracanthus) and chondrichthyans (Tamiobatis and Acondylacanthus) reported from Michigan".

|File:An examination of the Devonian fishes of Michigan fig-5-a.png

==Conodonts==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Conodonts reported from the Four Mile Dam Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Acodina

|A. formosa

| {{Cite journal |last=Orr |first=R. William |date=1971 |title=Conodonts from Middle Devonian Strata from the Michigan Basin |url=https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/229 |language=en-US}}

|

| Also found in the Detroit River, Traverse, Dundee, Bell, Alpena and Norway Point formations.

|

Belodella

|B. devonicus

|

|

|Also found in the Detroit River, Traverse, Antrim, Alpena and Norway Point formations.

|

Icriodus

|I. latericrescens latericrescens

|

|

|Also found in the Traverse, Bell, Ferron Point, Genshaw, Newton Creek, Alpena, Norway Point, Potter Farm and Thunder Bay formations.

|

Ozarkodina

|O. willsi

|

|

|Also found in the Detroit River, Traverse, Antrim, Dundee, Alpena and Norway Point formations.

|

Polygnathus

|P. varcus

|

|

|Also found in the Traverse, Antrim, Alpena, Norway Point and Thunder Bay formations.

|

==Placoderms==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Placoderms reported from the Four Mile Dam Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
?Macropetalichthys

|?M. sp.

|

|"A partial head shield (32M)".

|A petalichthyid.

|File:An examination of the Devonian fishes of Michigan fig-8-a.png

?Mylostoma

|?M. sp.

|

|39 specimens, including potential juveniles.

|

|File:An examination of the Devonian fishes of Michigan fig-5-b.png

'Placodermi'

|Unidentified

|

|"One specimen of an armour plate (JS 4)".

|

|File:An examination of the Devonian fishes of Michigan fig-5-c.png

Protitanichthys

|P. rockportensis

|

|"One specimen of an armor fragment (JS 101)".

|A coccosteid.

|

=Invertebrates=

{{Paleobiota-key-compact}}

==Brachiopods==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Brachiopods reported from the Four Mile Dam Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Douvillina

|D. distans

|Four Mile Dam, Thunder Bay River, Alpena County, Michigan.{{Cite journal |last=Imbrie |first=John |date=1959 |title=Brachiopods of the Traverse group (Devonian) of Michigan. Part 1, Dalmanellacea, Pentameracea, Strophomenacea, Orthotetacea, Chonetacea, and Productacea. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 116, article 4 |url=https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/1258 |language=en-US}}

|

|Also found in the Hungry Hollow Formation and Logansport Formation.

|

Leptalosia

|L. radicans

|Four Mile Dam, Thunder Bay River, Alpena County, Michigan.

|

|Also found in the Norway Point, Gravel Point, Alpena and Genshaw formations.

|

Longispina

|L. emmetensis

|Dock Street clay member.

|

|Also found in the Alpena Limestone and Gravel Point Formation.

|

Megastrophia

|M. gibbosa

|Four Mile Dam, Thunder Bay River, Alpena County, Michigan.

|

|Also found in the Hungry Hollow Formation and Logansport Formation.

|

Oligorhachis

|O. oligorhachis

|Four Mile Dam, Thunder Bay River, Alpena County, Michigan.

|

|Also found in the Gravel Point Formation.

|

rowspan="2" |Pentamerella

|P. alpenensis

|Dock Street clay member.

|

|Also found in the Alpena Limestone and Gravel Point Formation.

|

P. sp. C

|Dock Street clay.

|A complete specimen.

|

|

Protoleptostrophia

|P. lirella

|Dock Street clay member.

|

|Also found in the Norway Point Formation and Alpena Limestone.

|

rowspan="2" |Schuchertella

|S. anomala

|Possibly the Dock Street clay member.

|

|Also found in the Gravel Point Formation.

|

S. sp.

|Four Mile Dam, Thunder Bay River, Alpena County, Michigan.

|

|

|

Spinulicosta

|S. mutocosta

|Four Mile Dam, Thunder Bay River, Alpena County, Michigan.

|

|Also found in the Bell, Rockport Quarry, Ferron Point, Beebe School, Thunder Bay and Potter Farm formations.

|

rowspan="5" |Strophodonta

|S. erratica

|Dock Street clay member.

|

|Also found in the Alpena Limestone and Gravel Point Formation.

|

S. fissicosta

|Dock Street clay member.

|

|Also found in the upper Gravel Point Formation.

|

S. nanus

|Dock Street clay member.

|

|Also found in the Alpena Limestone and Gravel Point Formation.

|

S. paula

|Dock Street clay member.

|

|Also found in the Alpena Limestone.

|

S. sp. B

|Dock Street clay member and overlying crystalline limestone beds.

|Several specimens.

|

|

Rhipidomella

|R. penelope traversensis

| Thunder Bay River, Alpena County, Michigan.

|

|

|

==Corals==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Corals reported from the Four Mile Dam Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
rowspan=2|Aulocystis

|A. cooperi

|{{Cite journal |last=Watkins |first=J. Lloyd |date=1959 |title=Middle Devonian Auloporid Corals from the Traverse Group of Michigan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1300915 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=793–808 |issn=0022-3360}}

|

|Also found in the Plum Brook shale, Silica shale and Potter Farm Formation.

|

A. jacksoni

| Dock Street clay member.

|

| Also found in the Silica Shale, Ferron Point Formation, Petoskey Formation, Hungry Hollow Formation, Widder Shale, Wanakah shale and Centerfield Limestone.

|

rowspan=2|Aulopora

|A. conferta

|

|

|Also found in the Bell, Ferron Point, Gravel Point, Genshaw, Alpena, Potter Farm, Petoskey and Hungry Hollow formations.

|

A. gregaria

|

|

|Also found in the Genshaw Formation, Alpena Limestone and Petoskey Formation.

|

Pachyphragma

|P. concentricum

|Dock Street clay member.

|

|Also found in the Ferron Point Formation, Gravel Point Formation and Alpena Limestone.

|

==Gastropods==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Gastropods reported from the Four Mile Dam Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
rowspan=2|Anematina

|A. conica

|Upper limestone unit.{{Cite journal |last=Tyler |first=John H. |date=1965 |title=Gastropods from the Middle Devonian Four Mile Dam Limestone (Hamilton) of Michigan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1301707 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=341–349 |issn=0022-3360}}

|

|An elasmonematid.

|

A. mellaria

|Upper limestone unit.

|

|An elasmonematid, very rare in the Four Mile Dam Limestone.

|

Bembexia

|B. (Genuspira) nodosa

|Upper limestone unit.

|About 35 specimens.

|An eotomariid and the most abundant gastropod in the formation.

|

Dictyobembix

|D. bella

|Upper limestone unit.

|5 specimens.

|An eotomariid.

|

Mourlonia

|M. lirata

|Upper limestone unit.

|

|An eotomariid.

|

Murchisonia

|M. (Murchisonia) subulata

|Upper limestone unit.

|

|A murchisoniid, extremely rare in the formation.

|

Naticopsis

|N. sp.

|Upper limestone unit.

|

|A neritopsid, extremely rare in the formation.

|

Palaeoscurria?

|P.? sp.

|Upper limestone unit.

|3 poorly preserved ventral molds.

|A metoptomatid.

|

rowspan="3" |Platyceras

|P. (Platyceras) bartlettense

|Dock Street Clay Member.

|

|A platyceratid.

|

P. (Euthyrachis) indianense

|Dock Street Clay Member.

|

|A platyceratid.

|

P. (Orthonychia) variabilis

|Upper limestone unit.

|

|A platyceratid.

|

Pseudozygopleuridae? Genus A

|Genus A sp. A

|Upper limestone unit.

|Relatively numerous steinkerns.

|

|

Pseudozygopleuridae? Genus B

|Genus B sp. B

|Upper limestone unit.

|One very poorly preserved steinkern with a few small shell patches (YPM 23684).

|

|

Spiroscala

|S. sp.

|Upper limestone unit.

|One specimen (UMMP 47377).

|An eotomariid.

|

Straparollus

|S. (Philoxene) sp.

|Upper limestone unit.

|3 poorly preserved specimens.

| An euomphalid.

|

Trepospira

|T. (Angyomphalus) bella

|Upper limestone unit.

|

|A raphistomatid, very rare in the Four Mile Dam Limestone.

|

Turbinilopsis

|T. anacarina

|Upper limestone unit.

|Abundant specimens.

|An anomphalid.

|

==Sponges==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Sponges reported from the Four Mile Dam Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Anostylostroma

|A. anacolumna

| On Thunder Bay River.{{Cite journal |last=Tyler |first=John H. |date=1964 |title=Anostylostroma anacolumna n. sp. from the Four Mile Dam Limestone (Hamilton), Alpena County, Michigan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1301606 |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=885–886 |issn=0022-3360}}

|

| A stromatoporoid.

|

==Trilobites==

class="wikitable" align="center"
colspan="6" align="center" | Trilobites reported from the Four Mile Dam Formation
GenusSpeciesPresence

!Material

NotesImages
Cordania

|C. rara

|

|{{Cite journal|last=Stumm|first=Erwin|date=1953|title=Trilobites of the Devonian Traverse Group of Michigan|url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/48269/ID108.pdf?sequence=2|journal=University of Michigan Press - Museum of Paleontology}}

|

|

rowspan="2" |Dechenella

|D. (Monodechenella) macrocephala

|

|

|Also found in the Hamilton Group.

|

D. (Basidechenella) rowi

|

|

|Also known from the Hamilton Group.

|

Eldredgeops

|E. rana

|

|

|Originally reported as Phacops rana. Also found in the Hamilton, Hungry Hollow, Widder, Plum Brook, Prout, Ten Mile Creek, Alpena, Norway Point and Gravel Point formations.

|File:Phacops rana.jpg

rowspan=2|Greenops

|G. aequituberculatus

|Dock Street clay member.

|

|Also found in the Norway Point and Gravel Point formations.

|

G. traversensis

|Dock Street clay member.

|

|Also found in the Gravel Point Formation.

|

style="background:#f3e9f3;" |Phacops

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |P. rana

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |Reassigned to the genus Eldredgeops.

|style="background:#fbdddb;" |

Proetus

|P. (Crassiproetus) traversensis

|

|

| Also known from the Gravel Point Formation.

|

See also

{{Portal|Earth sciences|Michigan|Paleontology}}

References

{{Reflist}}

  • {{cite web|title= Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database|author= ((Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database))|url= https://www.fossilworks.org|access-date= 17 December 2021|archive-date= 25 March 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220325060448/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=home|url-status= live}}

Category:Devonian Michigan

Category:Devonian southern paleotemperate deposits

{{Michigan-geologic-formation-stub}}