Frederick Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry

Frederick Stewart was born on 7 July 1805 at Grosvenor Square, Mayfair, London.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/page/n133/ 133, line 12]|ps=: "[Frederick was] b. [born] 7 July 1805, in South street, Grosvenor sq.;"}} He was the only child of Charles Stewart and his first wife Catherine Bligh. His father would become the 3rd Marquess of Londonderry but was at the time only the second son of Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry. His father's family was Ulster-Scots. Frederick's mother was the fourth and youngest daughter of John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/page/n132/ 132, line]|ps=: "He [his father] m. [married] firstly, 8 Aug. 1804, at St. Geo. Han. sq., Catherine, 4th da. [daughter] of John [Bligh], 3d Earl of Darnley [I. [Ireland]] ..."}}

He was his father's only son from his father's first marriage. In 1812, while Frederick's father was serving in the army in the Peninsular War, Frederick's mother died. Frederick was seven. His father remarried seven years later in 1819 and Frederick's half-siblings were born.

He was the only child of his parents but had younger half-siblings:

{{Chart_top|width=auto|collapsed=no|align=right|clear=right|Family tree}}

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{{Tree chart|Txt|Txt=Frederick Stewart with wife, parents, and other selected relatives.{{Efn|This family tree is based on the genealogies of the marquesses of Londonderry.{{Sfn|Burke|Burke|1915|pp=[https://archive.org/details/b3136410x/page/1275/ 1275–1277]|ps=: "Genealogy of the marquesses of Londonderry"}}{{Sfn|Cokayne|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/page/n132/ 131–134]|ps=: "Genealogy of the marquesses of Londonderry"}} Also see the list of siblings in the text.}} His marriage was childless.|boxstyle_Txt=border: 0 solid white; text-align: left;}}

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Frances
Seymour
1747–1770

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1st
Marquess
1739–1821|boxstyle_RbtL1=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;

|FrnPt=Frances
Pratt
c. 1751 –
1833}}

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2nd
Marquess
1769–1822
Castlereagh|boxstyle_Cstlr=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;

|AmlSt=Amelia
Hobart
1772–1829

|CthBl=Catherine
Bligh
d. 1812

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3rd
Marquess
1778–1854|boxstyle_ChrL3=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;

|Frn=Frances
Vane
1800–1865}}

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{{Tree chart| | | |Sbjct|~|ElzJc| |GrgL5|y| Mry |boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;

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Jocelyn
1813–1884

|Sbjct=Frederick
4th
Marquess
1805–1872|boxstyle_Sbjct=border: 2px solid red; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;

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5th
Marquess
1821–1884|boxstyle_GrgL5=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;

|Mry=Mary
Edwards
d. 1906}}

{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|'|}}

{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | |ChrL6|y|ThrTb|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;

|ChrL6=Charles
6th
Marquess
1852–1915|boxstyle_ChrL6=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;

|ThrTb=Theresa
Talbot
d. 1919}}

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Following the death of his mother and during his father's absence on military and diplomatic duties, Frederick was largely raised by his uncle and aunt, Lord and Lady Castlereagh. He went to Eton in 1814, where he stayed until 1820. After his father succeeded to the marquessate of Londonderry in 1822, Frederick Stewart became known by the courtesy title Viscount Castlereagh, which was to be his title for 32 years until 1854. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford in 1823.{{alox2|title=Stewart, William Robert Frederick, Viscount Castlereagh}}

File:John Frederick Lewis - A Frank Encampment in the Desert of Mount Sinai. 1842 - The Convent of St. Catherine in the Distance - Google Art Project.jpg

He served under the Duke of Wellington as a Lord of the Admiralty from 1828 to 1830 and under Sir Robert Peel as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household from December 1834{{London Gazette |issue=19225 |date=30 December 1834 |page=2348}} to April 1835. On 23 February 1835, he was sworn of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.{{London Gazette |issue=19243 |date=24 February 1835 |page=334}}

He was one of the Members of Parliament for County Down from 1826 until 1852.{{Sfn|Cokayne|1893|p=[https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/page/n133/ 133, line 14]|ps=: "M.P. for co. Down (26 years) 1826–1852;"}}{{Sfn|House of Commons|1878|p=313|ps=: "Frederick Stewart, commonly called Lord Viscount Castlereagh / 8 July 1826 / Down County"}}

From 1845 until 1864 he was Lord Lieutenant of Down. In 1856 he was made a Knight of the Order of St Patrick.

File:James Godsell Middleton (1805-1874) - Frederick William Robert Stewart (1805–1872), 4th Marquess of Londonderry, KP, PC, as Lord-Lieutenant of County Down - 1219987 - National Trust.jpg over the Strangford Lough on Scrabo Hill with its tower.]]

In 1838, Count Gérard de Melcy, the husband of the Italian operatic singer Giulia Grisi, discovered a letter written to Giulia by Frederick Stewart, and the two men fought a duel on 16 June of that year. Lord Castlereagh was wounded in the wrist; the Count was uninjured. After the duel, Grisi left her husband and began an affair with Lord Castlereagh. Their son, George Frederick Ormsby (1838–1901), was born in November 1838 and brought up by his father.

By 1852, he "had fallen out with his father, the 3rd Marquess of Londonderry over their views on the land question [and] was obliged to retire because of these differences".Brian Walker, 'Landowners and Parliamentary Elections in County Down, 1801–1921' PP 307–8 in Lindsay Proudfoot, 'Down – History and Society', Geography Publications, 1997

Frederick Stewart married Lady Elizabeth Frances Charlotte Jocelyn, widow of Viscount Powerscourt and daughter of Robert Jocelyn, 3rd Earl of Roden, at the British Embassy in Paris on 2 May 1846. There were no children from the marriage. In 1855 his wife converted to Roman Catholicism.{{Sfn|Gordon-Gorman|1899|p=[https://archive.org/details/convertstorome00gorduoft/page/n157/ 140]|ps=: "Londondery, The late Elizabeth, fourth Marchioness of, daughter of the third Earl of Roden."}}

He succeeded his father in 1854 as the 4th Marquess of Londonderry. He built Scrabo Tower as a monument to the memory of his father.{{Sfn|Hyde|1979|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wGBmAAAAMAAJ&q=Scrabo 50]|ps=: "At the same time her husband constructed the great tower on Scrabo Hill overlooking the town in his father's memory."}} In 1857 he and his wife attended the ceremony of the laying of the foundation stone.{{Cite news |title=Memorial to the Late Marquis of Londonderry |work=The Illustrated London News |issue=28 March 1857 |page=300 |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001578/18570328/083/0022}}

File:Arms of 4th Marquess of Londonderry.png

In 1862 Londonderry was diagnosed as mentally ill. He was secluded in a mental institution at White Rock Pavilion in Hastings.{{Sfn|Fleming|2005|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=pDT7MKDYARIC&pg=PA10 10]|ps=: "The fourth Marquess spent the last decade of his life suffering from mental illness."}}{{Efn|This was almost certainly White Rock Villa as the White Rock Pavilion, now called the White Rock Theatre, was not built until 1927.}} He died there on 25 November 1872, aged 67 and was buried in the Newtownards Priory. His wife, the dowager Marchioness of Londonderry died on 2 September 1884, aged 70, and was buried with him in the double grave in the priory.

As he had no legitimate children, he was succeeded in the marquessate by his half-brother, George Vane-Tempest, 2nd Earl Vane. This had the effect that the fortunes of the Stewart and the Vane side of the Londonderry family were reunited in a single hand.

{{Ahnentafel

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|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;

|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;

|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;

|1=1. Frederick Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry

|2=2. Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry

|3=3. Lady Catherine Bligh

|4=4. Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry

|5=5. Lady Frances Pratt

|6=6. John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley

|7=7. Mary Stoyte

|8=8. Alexander Stewart, of Mount Stewart

|9=9. Mary Cowan

|10=10. Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden

|11=11. Elizabeth Jeffreys

|12=12. John Bligh, 1st Earl of Darnley

|13=13. Theodosia Hyde, 10th Baroness Clifton

|14=14. John Stoyte

|15=15. Mary Howard

}}

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{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}

• {{Cite book|last=Burke |first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Burke |date=1869 |title=A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire |edition=31st |publisher=Harrison |location=London |oclc=1045624502 |url=https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhera00inburk/}} – (for his coat of arms)
• {{Cite book|last1=Burke |first1=Bernard |author1-link=Bernard Burke |last2=Burke |first2=Ashworth Peter |date=1915 |title=A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage and Companionage |edition=77th |publisher=Harrison |location=London |oclc=1155471554 |url=https://archive.org/details/b3136410x/}} – (for Londonderry)
• {{Cite book|last=Cokayne |first=George Edward |author-link=George Edward Cokayne |date=1893 |title=Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant |edition=1st |volume=V |publisher=George Bell and Sons |location=London |oclc=1180836840 |url=https://archive.org/details/completepeerage05cokahrish/}} – L to M (for Londonderry)
• {{Cite book|last=Fleming |first=N. C. |date=2005 |title=Marquess of Londonderry: Aristocracy, Power and Politics in Britain and Ireland |publisher=I B Tauris |location=London |isbn=1-85043-726-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pDT7MKDYARIC}}
• {{Cite book|last=Gordon-Gorman |first=William James |date=1899 |title=Converts to Rome |edition=4th |publisher=Swan Sonnenschein & Co |location=London |oclc=458039774 |url=https://archive.org/details/convertstorome00gorduoft/}}
• {{Cite book|last=Hyde |first=Harford Montgomery |author-link=H. Montgomery Hyde |date=1979 |title=The Londonderrys A Family Portrait |publisher=Hamish Hamilton |location=London |isbn= 0-241-10153-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wGBmAAAAMAAJ}}
• {{Cite book|author=House of Commons |date=1878 |title=Return. Members of Parliament – Part II. Parliaments of Great Britain, 1705–1796. Parliaments of the United Kingdom, 1801–1874. Parliaments and Conventions of the Estates of Scotland, 1357–1707. Parliaments of Ireland, 1599–1800. |publisher=His/Her Majesty's Stationery Office |location=London |oclc=13112546 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L1ETAAAAYAAJ}}

{{Refend}}

• {{Hansard-contribs |viscount-castlereagh-3 |the Marquess of Londonderry}}

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{{S-par|uk}}

{{S-bef|before=Lord Arthur Hill |before2=Mathew Forde}}

{{S-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for Down |years=1826–1852 |with=Lord Arthur Hill 1826–36 |with2=Earl of Hillsborough 1836–45 |with3=Lord Edwin Hill 1845–52}}

{{S-aft|after=Lord Edwin Hill |after2=David Stewart Ker}}

{{S-off}}

{{S-bef|before=The Earl of Belfast}}

{{S-ttl|title=Vice-Chamberlain of the Household |years=1834–1835}}

{{S-aft|after=Lord Charles FitzRoy}}

{{S-hon}}

{{S-bef|before=The Marquess of Downshire}}

{{S-ttl|title=Lord Lieutenant of Down |years=1845–1864}}

{{S-aft|after=The Lord Dufferin and Claneboye}}

{{S-reg|ie}}

{{S-bef|before=Charles William Vane}}

{{S-ttl|title=Marquess of Londonderry |years=1854–1872}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Londonderry, Frederick Stewart, 4th Marquess of}}

Category:1805 births

Category:1872 deaths

Frederick Stewart

Category:Knights of St Patrick

Category:Lord-lieutenants of Down

Category:Lords of the Admiralty

4

Castlereagh, Frederick Stewart, Viscount

Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom

Category:People educated at Eton College

Castlereagh, Frederick Stewart, Viscount

Castlereagh, Frederick Stewart, Viscount

Castlereagh, Frederick Stewart, Viscount

Castlereagh, Frederick Stewart, Viscount

Castlereagh, Frederick Stewart, Viscount

Castlereagh, Frederick Stewart, Viscount

Castlereagh, Frederick Stewart, Viscount

Castlereagh, Frederick Stewart, Viscount

Londonderry, M4

Frederick