Mount Stewart

The original property, Mount Pleasant, was purchased with neighbouring estates in 1744 by Alexander Stewart (1699–1781). Exceptionally for an aspiring member of the landed Ascendancy, the Stewarts did not conform to the established (Anglican) church. They were Presbyterians, farmers and linen merchants whose fortunes had been transformed by Alexander's marriage to the sister and heiress of Robert Cowan, the East India Company governor of Bombay.{{Cite book|last=Bew|first=John|title=Castlereagh: Enlightenment, War and Tyranny|publisher=Quercus|year=2011|isbn=978-0-85738-186-6|location=London|pages=6–7}}

As fellow Presbyterians, the Stewarts appeared to the county's enfranchised forty-shilling freeholders as "friends of reform", and on that basis Mount Stewart rivalled Hillsborough Castle, seat of the Earls (later Marquesses) of Downshire, for control of the county's two parliamentary seats. In the increasingly troubled 1790s, Mount Stewart quietly converted to Anglicanism and stilled the contest, agreeing with Hillsborough that each should return a member to the parliament in Dublin unopposed.{{Cite book|title=Billy Bluff and the Squire [1796] and Other Writing by Re. James Porter|publisher=Athol Books|year=1991|isbn=978-0-85034-045-7|editor=Brendan, Clifford|location=Belfast|pages=12–13}}

Titles and office followed. In 1795 Alexander's son, Robert Stewart (1739–1821) was elevated to Earl of Londonderry (Marquess in 1816),{{London Gazette

| issue = 13922

| date = 10 August 1796

| page = 781, right column

| quote = To Robert Lord Viscount Castlereagh, and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name Stile and Title of Earl of Londonderry, of the County of Londonderry

}} and in 1797 his son Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh (1769–1822), was appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland by the Lord Lieutenant, Londonderry's brother-in-law, John Pratt, Earl Camden.Bew (2011), p. 113

After helping, in the wake of the 1798 rebellion, to push the Act of Union through the Irish Parliament, bringing Ireland under the Crown at Westminster, Castlereagh went on to serve the new United Kingdom as Secretary of State for War and the Colonies and Foreign Secretary, building the coalitions that defeated Napoleon.Bew (2011), pp. 311-418

In 1787, sharing with her brother William Drennan (a disappointed supporter of the Stewarts' electoral ambitions, later to be targeted by Castlereagh as a United Irishman), her impressions Martha McTier des Mount Stewart "much expense, no taste, everything unfinished and dirty, grand plans for the future, nothing pleasant nor even comfortable at present".{{Cite web |title=Bloomfield and the Crawfords 1798-1831 |url=https://www.bloomfieldbelfast.co.uk/crawford-family-1798-1831.php#Crawford01 |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=bloomfieldbelfast.co.uk}}

Commensurate with the family's rising fortunes, Castlereagh moved to realise some of these plans. In 1803, he choose the architect George Dance the Younger to design a neoclassical Regency replacement of the west wing with new receptions rooms.{{Cite web|title=Mount Stewart and its role in European History|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/mount-stewart/features/steeped-in-history|access-date=2021-09-10|publisher=National Trust|language=en}} A number of the present furnishings reflect Castlereagh's career, including a portrait of the French emperor,{{Cite web|title=Napoleon I, Emperor of France (1769–1821) 1542319|url=https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/1542319|access-date=2021-09-10|website=National Trust Collections.org.uk|language=en }} and chairs elaborately embroidered for the delegates who redrew the map of Europe at Vienna.{{Cite web|last=ntmountstewart|date=2015-06-16|title=Mount Stewart and the road to Waterloo|url=https://ntmountstewartconservationproject.wordpress.com/2015/06/16/mount-stewart-and-the-road-to-waterloo/|access-date=2021-09-10|website=Mount Stewart – House & Restoration|language=en}}

During the three-day "Year of Liberty"{{Cite book |last1=Pakenham |first1=Thomas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4gIxOAAACAAJ |title=The Year of Liberty: The Great Irish Rebellion of 1798 |last2=Buchan |first2=Toby |date=1998 |publisher=Times Books |isbn=978-0-8129-3088-7 |language=en}} in Ards and north Down, 10 to 13 June 1798,Stewart, A.T.Q. (1995), The Summer Soldiers: The 1798 Rebellion in Antrim and Down Belfast, Blackstaff Press, 1995,{{ISBN|978-0-85640-558-7}}. Mount Stewart was briefly occupied by the United Irish insurgents.{{Cite book|last=The National Archives|first=Reference U840/C562|url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/6d91b7c1-f454-46ce-ae1e-4e178dc6561c|title="Insurgents in occupation at Mount Stewart", John Petty to Frances Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry|date=1797–1809|language=English}} In the wake of the courts-martial that followed, the wife of the local Presbyterian minister, James Porter, appeared at the house with her seven children to plead for his life. Together with her younger sister, Lady Elizabeth, then dying of tuberculosis, Frances Stewart, Marchioness of Londonderry was tearfully persuaded. (She had often received Porter at Mount Stewart{{Cite journal|last=Waters|first=Ormonde D. P.|date=1990|title=The Rev. James Porter Dissenting Minister of Greyabbey, 1753-1798|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29742440|journal=Seanchas Ardmhacha: Journal of the Armagh Diocesan Historical Society|volume=14|issue=1|pages=(80–101) 83|doi=10.2307/29742440|jstor=29742440 |issn=0488-0196|url-access=subscription}} and in correspondence with the United Irishwoman Jane Greg had referred to herself as a "republican countess").{{Cite book|last=Sekers|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AKI7AwAAQBAJ&dq=Jane+Greg,+Belfast,+1798&pg=PT89|title=A Lady of Cotton: Hannah Greg, Mistress of Quarry Bank Mill|date=2013-03-18|publisher=History Press|isbn=978-0-7524-9367-1|pages=89, 99|language=en}} But Lord Londonderry was to see to it that Porter, convicted on uncertain evidence of having consorted with the rebels, was hung outside his church and home at Greyabbey.{{Cite DNB |wstitle= Porter, James (1753-1798) | volume= 46 |last= Gordon |first= Alexander |author-link= Alexander Gordon (Unitarian)|pages= 180–181 |short=1}}{{Cite journal|last=Waters|first=Ormonde D. P.|date=1990|title=The Rev. James Porter Dissenting Minister of Greyabbey, 1753-1798|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29742440|journal=Seanchas Ardmhacha: Journal of the Armagh Diocesan Historical Society|volume=14|issue=1|pages=80–101|doi=10.2307/29742440|jstor=29742440|issn=0488-0196|url-access=subscription}}

Other offenders (David Bailie Warden who commanded the local rebels in the field,{{Cite book|last1=Courtney|first1=Roger|title=Dissenting Voices: Rediscovering the Irish Progressive Presbyterian Tradition|date=2013|publisher=Ulster Historical Foundation|isbn=978-1-909556-06-5|location=Belfast|pages=133–134}} and the Reverend Thomas Ledlie Birch who urged them to "drive the bloodhounds of King George, the German king, beyond the seas"),quoted by J. C. Robb, Sunday Press, 1 May 1955. The source is not given. were allowed American exile.{{cite journal|last1=McClelland|first1=Aiken|date=1964|title=Thomas Ledlie Birch, United Irishman|url=http://discoversaintfield.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/T-L-Birch-AMcC-.pdf|journal=Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society (Sessions 161/62-1963/64)|volume=Second Series, 7|accessdate=18 November 2020}} Porter's offence may have been to have serially lampooned Londonderry in a popular satire of the landed interest, Billy Bluff. Porter caricatured the master of Mount Stewart as Lord Mountmumble, an inarticulate tyrant who has a dog shot for the temerity of barking.Bew (2011), p. 101

Image:Mount Stewart06.jpg

Castlereagh inherited his father's title in 1821, but within the year took his own life. The next owner of the house was his half-brother, Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry (1778–1854) who had served as ambassador to Vienna and Berlin. He married Lady Frances Anne Vane-Tempest, the greatest heiress of her time, in appreciation of which he styled himself Robert Vane and ordered a further enlargement of the house replacing what remained of its 18th century fabric.

Controversially in 1847, while spending £15,000 on the refurbishment, the Marquess of Londonderry gave just £30 to local soup kitchens for famine relief,[http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Mount_Stewart_Newtownards_Co_Down University College Cork records on the Irish Famine] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022041242/http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Mount_Stewart_Newtownards_Co_Down |date=22 October 2007 }}, ucc.ie; accessed 20 December 2015.Kineally, Christine (2013). Charity and the Great Hunger in Ireland: The Kindness of Strangers. London: Bloomsbury. p. 53. {{ISBN|978-1-4411-1758-8}} and as the hunger persisted rejected rent reductions. Despite reports of general distress, he insisted that only most "supine and inert" among this tenantry could "be suffering in any serious degree under the failure of the potato".{{Cite book |last=Parkhill |first=Trevor |title=Politics and Political Culture in Britain and Ireland, 1750-1850 |publisher=Ulster Historical Foundation |isbn=9781903688687 |editor-last=Blackstock |editor-first=Alan |location=Belfast |pages=164–165 |chapter="Chivalrous rather than administrative": the carrier of the third marquess of Londonderry, soldier, diplomat, landlord. |editor-last2=Magennis |editor-first2=Eoin}} This was in contrast to his wife's management of her estate in Antrim. Even as she embarked upon of the construction a castellated summer residence (Garron Tower), the Marchioness not only reduced the rents of her tenants, but in dire cases of potato blight, waived them altogether.{{Cite web |last=Glens of Antrim Historical Society |date=2015-08-31 |title=Lady Frances Anne Vane's County Antrim Estate: By Jimmy Irvine |url=https://antrimhistory.net/lady-frances-anne-vanes-county-antrim-estate-by-jimmy-irvine/ |access-date=2022-08-17 |publisher=Glens of Antrim Historical Society |language=en-GB}}

The Famine-era remodelling created the present exterior of Mount Stewart. The original Georgian building and the small portico on the west wing were demolished and the house was increased to eleven bays. On the entrance front, a huge portico was added in the centre, and a smaller 'half portico' was added to the other side.{{Cite web |title=MNA153327 {{!}} National Trust Heritage Records |url=https://heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk/HBSMR/MonRecord.aspx?uid=MNA153327 |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk |language=en}}

The marriage also brought in much of the Vane-Tempest property, including land and coal mines in County Durham. Wynyard Park, County Durham was redesigned in the Neoclassical style. The couple bought Seaham Hall, also in County Durham, and then later bought Holdernesse House on London's Park Lane. This was later renamed Londonderry House.

In 1854, Emperor Napoleon III was among the subscribers who helped raise a memorial tower to the 3rd Marquess north of Mount Stewart at Scrabo.McCavery, Trevor (1994). Newtown – A history of Newtownards. Belfast: The White Row Press. {{ISBN|978-1-870132-70-1}}, p. 140a

Frederick William Robert Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry, married the widow of Richard Wingfield, 6th Viscount Powerscourt and lived at her home, Powerscourt, near Dublin. George Henry Robert Charles William Vane-Tempest, 5th Marquess of Londonderry lived at his wife's ancestral property, Plas Machynlleth in Wales.{{Cite web |title=Vane-Tempest-Stewart family, Marquesses of Londonderry – National Library of Wales Archives and Manuscripts |url=https://archives.library.wales/index.php/vane-tempest-stewart-family-marquesses-of-londonderry |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=archives.library.wales}} These long periods of neglect threatened an irreversible deterioration of the Irish property.

Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry (1852–1915) returned to Ireland from Wynyard Park, first as Lord Lieutenant in Dublin, and then to Mount Stewart from which both he and the Marchioness, Lady Theresa Vane Tempest Stewart, served as the titular leaders of opposition to Irish Home Rule. They presided, respectively, over the Ulster Unionist Council and the Ulster Unionist Women's Council (UUWC).{{Cite journal|last=Finley-Bowman|first=Rachel E|date=May 2003|title=An Ideal Unionist: The Political Career of Theresa, Marchioness of Londonderry, 1911-1919|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/48829233.pdf|journal=Journal of International Women's Studies|volume=4|issue=3|pages=15–29}}

Lady Londonderry (Theresa Chetwynd-Talbot) was valued for her family and political connections in England. In 1903, at Mount Stewart, she had hosted Edward VII and Queen Alexandra. She also proved an effective organiser, helping build the UUWC into a mass organisation,{{cite web|author=Women's Museum of Ireland|title=The Ulster Crisis and the Emergence of the Ulster Women's Unionist Council|url=https://womensmuseumofireland.ie/articles/the-ulster-crisis-and-the-emergence-of-the-ulster-women-s-unionist-council|access-date=9 April 2020}} and in the preparation of an armed resistance to a Dublin parliament, the Ulster Volunteers to whom she offered Mount Stewart as a potential infirmary and triage site.

At the height of the Home Rule Crisis, the German Emperor had occasion to refer to the Marchioness's gardens. Meeting the unionist leader Sir Edward Carson at a luncheon at Bad Homburg in August 1913, Wilhelm II remarked that having seen a photograph of the gardens, he believed that they must be very beautiful. When Carson (who once proposed that he was "born to lounge and enjoy" himself at Mount Stewart){{Cite web|title=Theresa, Marchioness of Londonderry|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/mount-stewart/features/theresa-marchioness-of-londonderry|access-date=2021-09-12|publisher=National Trust|language=en}} affirmed that indeed they were, the Kaiser warmed to his theme. The management of gardens is very like that of states. But Britain had done little to cultivate the unity of its empire, so that when he had asked his grandmother, Queen Victoria, leave to visit Ireland she had refused him. "Perhaps she thought I would steal the little place." When after the general laughter he persisted with questions on Ulster, Carson adroitly changed the subject. Through the gardens of Mount Stewart the Kaiser had been probing intelligence that in the event of a European war conflict in Ireland might stay Britain's hand.{{Cite book|last=A.T.Q.|first=Stewart|title=The Ulster Crisis|publisher=Faber and Faber|year=1967|location=London|pages=226–267}}

In 1921, Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry, (1878–1949) accepted office as Minister of Education in the unexpected fruit of unionist agitation, the new home-rule Parliament of Northern Ireland. In 1935, his larger ambitions in London were dashed when he was forced to resign as Air Minister. Despite having preserved the core of the Royal Air Force when it was under attack from the Treasury, critics believed he was one of an aristocratic circle of "appeasers".{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Neil |date=2013 |title='The Londonderry Herr': Lord Londonderry and the appeasement of Nazi Germany |url=https://www.historyireland.com/the-londonderry-herr-lord-londonderry-and-the-appeasement-of-nazi-germany/ |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=History Ireland}}Martin Pugh, "Hurrah For the Blackshirts!" Fascists and Fascism in Britain Between the War, Pimlico, 2006, p. 270Griffins, Richard T., Fellow Travellers of the Right: British enthusiasts for Nazi Germany, 1933-9, Constable, 1980, p. 1 At Mount Stewart it was a suspicion Londonderry appeared to confirm when, following on a visit to Hitler in Berlin, in May 1936 he entertained the German Ambassador to London, Joachim von Ribbentrop. Ribbentrop is reported to have landed in Newtownards with a "noisy gang of SS men" and the four-day visit became a national newspaper story.{{Cite news|last=Little|first=Ivan|date=20 July 2015|title=Ulster aristocrat who welcomed Hitler's Nazi henchman to Co Down|language=en-GB|work=belfasttelegraph|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/ulster-aristocrat-who-welcomed-hitlers-nazi-henchman-to-co-down-31391148.html|access-date=2021-09-09|issn=0307-1235}}

The house retains a memento of this private diplomacy: an Allach porcelain figurine of an SS Fahnenträger (SS flag bearer),{{Cite web|title=SS Fahnenträger 1220314|url=https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/1220314|access-date=2021-09-09|website=National Trust Collections.org.uk|language=en }} A gift from Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring, after the outbreak of war it was neither destroyed nor removed.{{Cite web|title=The Avalon Project : Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Vol. 13|url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/proc/05-15-46.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912064818/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/proc/05-15-46.htm|archive-date=2006-09-12|access-date=2006-06-09}}{{Cite web|title=Art Unlocked: National Trust at Mount Stewart {{!}} Art UK|url=https://artuk.org/discover/curations/art-unlocked-national-trust-at-mount-stewart|access-date=2021-09-09|website=artuk.org|language=en}} With talk of his internment, Londonderry retreated to Mount Stewart where, following a series of debilitating strokes, he died in 1949.{{Cite news|last=Aldous|first=Richard|date=13 November 2004|title=A swastika over Ulster|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-swastika-over-ulster-1.1166338|access-date=2021-09-09|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en}}Kershaw, Ian (2004), Making Friends with Hitler: Lord Londonderry and Britain's Road to War. London: Penguin/Allen Lane. {{ISBN|0-14-101423-7}} Flanked by statues of four Irish saints, he is buried in the estate's family graveyard.

The ancestral home of the 7th Marchioness of Londonderry, Edith Halen Chaplin, was Dunrobin Castle in Scotland and it was that house's gardens which inspired her reworking of those at Mount Stewart with themed plantings (the Italian, Spanish, and Mairi gardens) and the Dodo Terrace with its whimsical statuary{{Cite web|last=Porteous|first=Neil|title=Garden of the imagination: Lady Londonderry's Mount Stewart|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/features/garden-of-the-imagination-lady-londonderrys-mount-stewart-|access-date=2021-09-09|publisher=National Trust|language=en}} (Ribbentrop described the effect as "paradise"). Rather than enter her gardens through a house door she would dive in and out of a sash window, followed by her dogs – of which there were 14 at one time, ranging from deerhound to pekinese.{{Cite news|last=Wilson|first=Matthew|date=21 September 2018|title=A garden where Londonderry flair meets the suffragette movement|work=Financial Times|location=London|url=https://www.ft.com/content/ae3ba28c-b687-11e8-a1d8-15c2dd1280ff|access-date=12 September 2021}} Lady Edith also redesigned and redecorated much of the interior, for example, the huge drawing room, the Castlereagh Room, the smoking room (whose mantelpiece displayed the Fahnenträger) and many of the guest bedrooms. She named the latter after European cities including Rome and Moscow.{{Cite web|title=VIPA Mount Stewart House|url=http://vipauk.org/enter/muse/ni/i19.html|access-date=2021-09-12|website=vipauk.org}}

The last châtelaine of the house (and the last surviving child of the 7th Marquess), Lady Mairi Bury (née Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Viscountess Bury), gave the house, and most of its contents to the National Trust in 1977, together with a capital endowment partly funded by the sale in 1977, by Lady Mairi, of Giovanni Bellini's painting The Madonna and Child with a male Donor, a landscape beyond which had hung over the altar in the chapel at Mount Stewart (having formerly been at Londonderry House, London). Lady Mairi, born in the house, was the last Londonderry family member to live full time at Mount Stewart, and the last member of this Anglo-Irish family to live full time in Ireland. She died at Mount Stewart on 18 November 2009, at the age of 88, in the same four poster bed, hung with red silk damask, that she had been born in.[http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/obituaries/Lady-Mairi-Bury-of-.5847291.jp Death of Lady Mairi Bury], scotsman.com; accessed 20 December 2015.{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lady-mairi-bury-chatelaine-of-mount-stewart-who-met-hitler-and-von-ribbentrop-1828369.html|location=London, UK|work=The Independent|title=Lady Mairi Bury: Chatelaine of Mount Stewart who met Hitler and von Ribbentrop|date=27 November 2009}}{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/6983261/Lady-Mairi-Bury.html|location=London, UK|work=The Daily Telegraph|title=Lady Mairi Bury|date=13 January 2010}}

On Lady Bury's death, her daughter Lady Rose Lauritzen, wife of art historian Peter Lauritzen, became the live-in family member.{{cite news |title=Lady Rose of Mount Stewart shares memories of a magical childhood growing up on her family's estate, its famous visitors and her life now, split between Strangford Lough and Venice |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/features/lady-rose-of-mount-stewart-shares-memories-of-a-magical-childhood-growing-up-on-her-familys-estate-its-famous-visitors-and-her-life-now-split-between-strangford-lough-and-venice-37290208.html |newspaper=Belfasttelegraph}}

The National Trust has operated the 50-acre property it acquired in 1977 under the name "Mount Stewart House, Garden & Temple of the Winds". In 1999, the gardens were added to the United Kingdom "Tentative List" of sites for potential nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1327|title=Mount Stewart Gardens|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=20 December 2015}}

In 2015, the National Trust completed an extensive restoration of the house and its contents and purchased an additional 900 acres (360 hectares) of land that had previously been part of the wider estate.{{cite news |title=Mount Stewart House restored in £8m refurbishment |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-32336987 |publisher=BBC News |date=17 April 2015}} At the end of January 2025, the enlarged property lost more than 10,000 trees to the hurricane-force winds of Storm Eowyn. The losses included "mature trees with veteran qualities and significant histories".{{Cite web |last=Franklin |first=Lauren |date=2025-01-29 |title=10,000 trees toppled: dramatic photos reveal aftermath of hurricane-force gales |url=https://www.countryfile.com/environment/10000-trees-toppled-dramatic-photos-reveal-aftermath-of-hurricane-force-gales |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Countryfile.com |language=en}}

Image:Mount Stewart.jpgThe present house is largely a legacy of the 3rd Marquess, who beginning in the 1830s refurbished and extended the original 18th century structure along neo-classical lines. The main entrance was shifted to the centre of the new north façade, with a large Ionic columned porte-cochère. Two domes were introduced, one placed in the centre of the roof to light the new full height main hall, and another to light a full height room to the immediate south of this.{{Cite web |title=Mount Stewart House – MNA153327|url=https://heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk/HBSMR/MonRecord.aspx?uid=MNA153327 |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=National Trust Heritage Records |language=en }}

Portions of what are now Lady Londonderry's sitting room, the music room, the Castlereagh room and the staircase were left untouched, but a new suite of rooms was added. Of these the principal is the Drawing Room, which looks out onto the main gardens and, before the building along the shore of the A20, would have had a view of Strangford Lough. The house's private chapel, with stained glass windows and Italian murals, was added after the death of 3rd Marquess in 1854, and in his memory.

The National Trust refurbishment, completed in 2015, sought to restore the interiors to how they appeared in the 1950s when the house belonged to Lady Edith, the seventh Marchioness. An exception is the Ionic-columned octagonal main hall, where the chequered stone floor laid by the 3rd Marquess has been uncovered and restored.{{Cite news |date=12 April 2017 |title=Goodbye to chequered past as Mount Stewart fully restored |newspaper=News Letter |url=https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/goodbye-to-chequered-past-as-mount-stewart-fully-restored-1133388}}

Image:Mount Stewart lake.jpg

After further alterations to house's interior, the 7th Marchioness, redesigned the gardens a lavish style that took advantage of the sub-tropical local climate. As Lady Edith discovered, Mount Stewart under the general influence of the North Atlantic Drift, on the Ards Peninsula Mount Stewart enjoys mild and humid island conditions, allowing tropical plants to thrive.{{Cite news|last=Battersby|first=Eileen|date=13 September 2008|title=Paradise on the peninsula|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/paradise-on-the-peninsula-1.938417|access-date=2021-09-12|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en}}

Prior to her husband's succession to the Marquessate in 1915 the gardens had been plain lawns with large decorative pots. She added the Shamrock Garden, the Sunken Garden, increased the size of the lake, added a Spanish Garden with a small hut, the Italian Garden, the Dodo Terrace with its 'menagerie' of cement animals, the Fountain Pool and laid out walks in the Lily Wood and rest of the estate.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/features/garden-of-the-imagination-lady-londonderrys-mount-stewart-|title = Garden of the imagination: Lady Londonderry's Mount Stewart}} It was she who first realised the benefits of the sub-tropical local climate. The area is frost-free and, as Lady Edith discovered, Mount Stewart enjoys island conditions, the atmosphere is humid and, in hot weather, there are heavy dews at night. Tender tropical plants thrive here and many greenhouse varieties have been planted outside with impressive results. In 1957, she gave the gardens to the National Trust.[https://www.qub.ac.uk/sites/uas/UASfilestore/CoDown/Filetoupload,687678,en.pdf Queen's University Belfast website, Ulster Archaeological Society section, Survey Report Number 30: Mount Stewart Demesne, page 10 (2016)]

Image:Mount Stewart08.jpg

The Temple of the Winds, overlooking Strangford Lough, is an octagonal building designed architect James 'Athenian' Stuart in 1782–83.{{Cite web |date=2013-07-01 |title=Temple of the Winds |url=https://theirishaesthete.com/tag/temple-of-the-winds/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=The Irish Aesthete |language=en-US}} It was inspired by his study of the Tower of the Winds (the astronomical Horologium of Andronikos Kyrrhestes) in the Roman Agora in Athens which has a frieze depicting the eight wind deities (anemoi) of Greek mythology.{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Georgina |title=Mount Stewart House & Gardens {{!}} Newtownards Review Georgina Campbell Guides |url=https://www.ireland-guide.com:443/gardens/mount-stewart-house-and-gardens-.7144.html |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Ireland-Guide.com |language=English}}

Many country houses in the UK had adaptations of the 'temples' their owners had seen on their tours of the Mediterranean.

The temple is similar to structures at Shugborough and West Wycombe Park, both National Trust properties.{{Cite web |url=https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/101065768-temple-of-the-winds-at-shugborough-hall-to-north-east-of-the-house-colwich#.XjGLx4hzzq8 |title=Temple of the Winds at Shugborough Hall}}{{NHLE |num=1160544 |desc=Temple of the Four Winds |access-date=29 January 2020}}

In 2014, the house was used as a location for the third series of the BBC children's TV series The Sparticle Mystery.{{cite web |url=https://www.northernirelandscreen.co.uk/production-catalogue/television-other/the-sparticle-mystery-series-3/ |title=The Sparticle Mystery series 3 |website=Northern Ireland Screen|date=10 January 2017 |access-date= 12 March 2022}} The property was rated in 2024 as among the 10 most popular filming locations in Northern Ireland.{{Cite web |date=2024-05-08 |title=Popular Game of Thrones locations, The Dark Hedges, Dunluce Castle and Mussenden Temple also ranked in the top |url=https://www.newsletter.co.uk/business/northern-irelands-most-famous-filming-locations-revealed-4620554 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Belfast News Letter |language=en}}

• Dunduff Castle, South Ayrshire, property of the ancestors of the Stewarts of Mount Stewart

Other residences of the Marquesses of Londonderry:

• Londonderry House in London
• Plas Machynlleth in Wales
• Seaham Hall in County Durham
• Wynyard Park in County Durham
• Loring Hall in Kent

{{reflist}}

• Murdoch, Tessa (ed.) (2022). Great Irish Households: Inventories from the Long Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: John Adamson, pp. 325–48 {{ISBN|978-1-898565-17-8}} {{OCLC|1233305993}}
• Tinniswood, Adrian (2018). Mount Stewart, County Down: A Souvenir Guide. Swindon: National Trust {{ISBN|978-1-84359-306-5}} {{OCLC|1048756779}}

• [https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/mount-stewart Mount Stewart House, Garden & Temple of the Winds information at the National Trust]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717215134/http://www.virtualvisit-northernireland.com/gallery.aspx?dataid=52564&title=Houses_and_Heritage Virtual Tour of Mount Stewart House & Gardens Northern Ireland] – Virtual Visit Northern Ireland
• [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_sum_of_all_paintings/Collection/Mount_Stewart Wikidata List of Paintings at Mount Stewart]

{{Commons category|Mount Stewart}}

{{Museums and galleries in Northern Ireland}}

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Category:Gardens in Northern Ireland

Category:Buildings and structures in County Down

Category:Houses in Northern Ireland

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Category:Historic house museums in Northern Ireland

Category:Museums in County Down

Category:Register of Parks, Gardens and Demesnes of Special Historic Interest

Category:Vane-Tempest-Stewart family

Category:Civil parish of Greyabbey

Category:Grade A listed buildings