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Fregat#Freget-M/Freget-MT

{{Short description|Russian upper rocket stage}}

{{for|the Dutch warship|Fregat (ship)}}

{{Use British English|date=June 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}

{{Infobox rocket stage

|name = Fregat

|image = MAKS Airshow 2013 (Ramenskoye Airport, Russia) (525-13).jpg

|caption = Model of Fregat at MAKS Airshow, 2013

|manufacturer = NPO Lavochkin

|country = Russia

|rockets = Current: {{nowrap|Soyuz-2}}
Retired: {{nowrap|Soyuz-FG}}, {{nowrap|Soyuz-ST}}, {{nowrap|Soyuz-U}}, {{nowrap|Zenit-3F}}

|status = Active

|launches = 114

|success = 111

|fail = 2

|other_outcome = 1 (partial failure)

|first = 2 February 2000

{{Infobox rocket/stage

|name = General characteristics{{Cite web |title=Multipurpose Fregat |url=https://www.laspace.ru/en/activities/products/sredstva-vyvedeniya/razgonnye-bloki-fregat-/ |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=Lavochkin Association |language=ru}}

|length = Fregat: {{cvt|1.875|m}}
Fregat-MT: {{cvt|1.945|m}}
Fregat-SB: {{cvt|2.435|m}}

|diameter = Fregat: {{cvt|3.44|m}}
Fregat-MT: {{cvt|3.8|m}}
Fregat-SB: {{cvt|3.875|m}}

|empty = Fregat: {{cvt|945|kg}}
Fregat-MT: {{cvt|1035|kg}}
Fregat-SB: {{cvt|1080|kg}}

|gross = Fregat: {{cvt|6235|kg}}
Fregat-MT: {{cvt|7640|kg}}
Fregat-SB: {{cvt|11680|kg}}

|propmass = Fregat: {{cvt|5307|kg}}
Fregat-MT: {{cvt|6650|kg}}
Fregat-SB: {{cvt|10330|kg}}

|engines = 1 × S5.92

|thrust = {{cvt|19.85|kN}} (high)
{{cvt|13.93|kN}} (low)

|SI = {{cvt|333.2|isp}} (high)
{{cvt|320|isp}} (low)

|burntime = Up to 1,350 seconds (up to 7 starts)

|fuel = N2O4/UDMH

}}

}}

Fregat ({{Langx|ru|Фрегат|lit=frigate}}) is an upper stage developed by NPO Lavochkin for universal compatibility with a wide range of medium- and heavy-lift launch vehicles. Fregat has been used primarily with Soyuz and Zenit rockets, and entered operational service in February 2000.

Fregat uses a liquid-propellant engine burning unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) fuel and dinitrogen tetroxide ({{Chem2|N2O4}}) oxidizer, a pair of hypergolic propellants that ignite on contact. With a success rate of 97.3%, including two failures and one partial failure, Fregat is among the most reliable upper stages in operation. It has deployed more than 300 payloads into a variety of orbits and is capable of placing three or more spacecraft into distinct orbits during a single mission, owing to its ability to restart up to seven times and operate for a total burn duration of up to 1,350 seconds.

Description

The Fregat upper stage is a versatile and autonomous vehicle designed to inject large payloads into a range of orbits, including low, medium, and geosynchronous. Additionally, it serves as an escape stage for sending space probes on interplanetary missions, such as the Venus Express and Mars Express.

Developed by NPO Lavochkin in the 1990s, the Fregat features six spherical tanks—four for propellants and two for avionics—arranged in a circle. Its main engine is centrally positioned, allowing for a compact design with a diameter larger than its height. Structural support is provided by eight struts passing through the tanks, which also transfer thrust loads to the launcher. Fregat operates independently from the lower stages of its launch vehicle, with its own guidance, navigation, attitude control, tracking, and telemetry systems.{{cite web |date=April 2001 |title=Soyuz User's Manual |url=http://www.starsem.com/services/images/soyuz_users_manual_190401.pdf |access-date=28 November 2024 |publisher=Starsem |page=26}}

The Fregat’s design was largely based on the spacecraft bus used in the Soviet Phobos program of the late 1980s, itself based on the architecture used for the Soviet lunar probes developed at NPO Lavochkin in the 1960s. Fregat also integrated several flight-proven subsystems and components from previous spacecraft and rockets. This approach ensured high reliability and accelerated development. Fregat was flight-qualified in February 2000 and successfully completed four missions that same year.{{cite web |date=9 February 2000 |title=Cluster II on track after maiden flight of Fregat upper stage |url=http://spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=781}}

Currently used as the fourth stage on Soyuz launch vehicles, the Fregat’s S5.92 engine is capable of up to 25 ignitions,{{cite web |title=Fregat space tug |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/fregat.html |access-date=26 July 2014 |website=RussianSpaceWeb}} with seven demonstrated during flight. This allows it to execute complex mission profiles that would be impossible for the launch vehicle alone.{{cite web |date= |title=Универсальный разгонный блок "Фрегат" |url=https://www.laspace.ru/company/products/launch-vehicles/fregat/index.php |accessdate=2022-02-17 |publisher=Laspace.ru}} The stage provides both three-axis and spin stabilization for spacecraft payloads.{{cite web |title=Soyuz |url=http://www.arianespace.com/vehicle/soyuz/}} Fregat uses storable, hypergolic propellants—unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) as fuel and dinitrogen tetroxide ({{Chem2|N2O4}}, also called NTO or amyl) as the oxidizer, which ignite spontaneously upon contact. To date, Fregat has successfully deployed over 300 payloads into various orbits and remains the only upper stage capable of placing payloads into three or more distinct orbits in a single launch.{{cite web |title=Photo-Report from Lavochkin Scientific and Production Association, One Day at Fregat Upper Stage Manufacturing Facility |url=http://gklaunch.ru/en/news/photo-report-from-lavochkin-scientific-and-production-association-one-day-at-fregat-upper-stage-manufacturing-facility/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911193459/http://gklaunch.ru/en/news/photo-report-from-lavochkin-scientific-and-production-association-one-day-at-fregat-upper-stage-manufacturing-facility/ |archive-date=11 September 2021 |access-date=11 March 2020}}

{{As of|2018}}, adding a Fregat upper stage to a Soyuz-2 launch costs about {{US$|13.5 million|link=yes}}.{{cite web|title=Russian launch service provider reveals cost of Soyuz-2.1 rocket launch|url=https://www.ruaviation.com/news/2018/10/3/12074/?h|website=Russian Aviation|access-date=24 May 2020}}{{cite web|title=The Soyuz-2 rocket series |url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/soyuz2_lv.html|publisher=Russian Space Web|access-date=24 May 2020}}

Fregat upper stage launch statistics

class=wikitable
№

! Date

! Number

! Modification

! Mission

! Launch vehicle

! Payload

!Result

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 1

| 2000/02/09

| 1001

| Fregat

| ST07

| Soyuz-U

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Full-size satellite layout,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Inflatable Braking Device

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 2

| 2000/03/20

| 1002

| Fregat

| ST08

| Soyuz-U

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Dumsat

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 3

| 2000/07/16

| 1003

| Fregat

| ST09

| Soyuz-U

| {{Flagicon|European Union}} Cluster FM6,
{{Flagicon|European Union}} Cluster FM7

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 4

| 2000/08/09

| 1004

| Fregat

| ST10

| Soyuz-U

|{{Flagicon|European Union}} Cluster FM5,
{{Flagicon|European Union}} Cluster FM8

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 5

| 2003/06/02

| 1005

| Fregat

| ST11

| Soyuz-FG

| {{Flagicon|European Union}} Mars Express,
{{Flagicon|European Union}} Beagle 2

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 6

| 2003/12/27

| 1006

| Fregat

| ST12

| Soyuz-FG

|{{Flagicon|Israel}} AMOS-2

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 7

| 2005/08/13

| 1007

| Fregat

| ST13

| Soyuz-FG

| {{Flagicon|USA}} Galaxy 14

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 8

| 2005/11/09

| 1010

| Fregat

| ST14

| Soyuz-FG

|{{Flagicon|European Union}} Venus Express

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 9

| 2005/12/28

| 1009

| Fregat

| ST15

| Soyuz-FG

| {{Flagicon|European Union}} GIOVE-A

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 10

| 2006/10/19

| 1011

| Fregat

| ST16

| Soyuz-2.1a

|{{Flagicon|European Union}} MetOp-A

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 11

| 2006/12/24

| 1012

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Meridian № 11L

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 12

| 2006/12/27

| 1013

| Fregat

| ST17

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|European Union}} CoRoT

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 13

| 2007/05/29

| 1016

| Fregat

| ST18

| Soyuz-FG

| {{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M065,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M069,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M071,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M072

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 14

| 2007/10/20

| 1015

| Fregat

| ST19

| Soyuz-FG

|{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M066,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M067,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M068,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M070

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 15

| 2007/12/14

| 1015-2

| Fregat

| ST20

| Soyuz-FG

| {{Flagicon|Canada}} RADARSAT-2

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 16

| 2008/04/26

| 1008

| Fregat

| ST21

| Soyuz-FG

|{{Flagicon|European Union}} GIOVE-B

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 17

| 2009/05/21

| 1018

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Meridian № 12L

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 18

| 2009/09/17

| 1014

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Meteor-M № 1,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Sterkh,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Universitetsky-Tatyana-2,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} UGATUSAT,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} BLITS,
{{Flagicon|India}} IRIS,
{{Flagicon|South Africa}} Sumbandila

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 19

| 2010/10/19

| 1023

| Fregat-M

| ST22

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M073,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M074,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M075,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M076,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M077,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M079

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 20

| 2010/11/02

| 1022

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1a

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Meridian № 13L

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 21

| 2011/01/20

| 2001

| Fregat-SB

| –

| Zenith-3SLBF

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Elektro-L No.1

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 22

| 2011/02/26

| 1035

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-K № 11L

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 23

| 2011/07/13

| 1024

| Fregat-M

| ST23

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M081,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M083,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M085,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M088,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M089,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M091

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 24

| 2011/07/18

| 2002

| Fregat-SB

| –

| Zenith-3SLBF

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Spektr-R

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 25

| 2011/10/02

| 1045

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-M № 742

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 26

| 2011/10/21

| 1030

| Fregat-MT

| VS01

| Soyuz-ST-B

|{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 1,
{{Flag|European Union}} Galileo 2

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 27

| 2011/11/28

| 1046

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-M № 746

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 28

| 2011/12/17

| 1021

| Fregat

| VS02

| Soyuz-ST-A

| {{Flagicon|France}} Pleiades-1A,
{{Flagicon|France}} ELISA W11,
{{Flagicon|France}} ELISA E12,
{{Flagicon|France}} ELISA W23,
{{Flagicon|France}} ELISA E24,
{{Flagicon|Chile}} SSOT

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 29

| 2011/12/23

| 1042

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Meridian № 15L

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 30

| 2011/12/28

| 1027

| Fregat-M

| ST24

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M080,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M082,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M084,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M086,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M090,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M092

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 31

| 2012/07/22

| 1019

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-FG

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Kanopus-V № 1,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Zond-PP,
{{Flagicon|Belarus}} BKA,
{{Flagicon|Canada}} exactView-1,
{{Flagicon|Germany}} TET-1

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 32

| 2012/09/17

| 1037

| Fregat-M

| ST25

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|European Union}} MetOp-B

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 33

| 2012/10/12

| 1031

| Fregat-MT

| VS03

| Soyuz-ST-B

|{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 3,
{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 4

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 34

| 2012/11/14

| 1034

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Meridian № 16L

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 35

| 2012/12/02

| 1020

| Fregat

| VS04

| Soyuz-ST-A

|{{Flagicon|France}} Pléiades-1B

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 36

| 2013/02/06

| 1029

| Fregat-M

| ST26

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M078,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M093,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M094,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M095,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M096,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Globalstar M097

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 37

| 2013/04/26

| 1047

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-K № 747

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 38

| 2013/06/25

| 1041

| Fregat-MT

| VS05

| Soyuz-ST-B

| {{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM1,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM2,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM4,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM5

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 39

| 2013/12/19

| 1040

| Fregat-MT

| VS06

| Soyuz-ST-B

| {{Flagicon|European Union}} Gaia

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 40

| 2014/03/23

| 112-01

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-M № 754

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 41

| 2014/04/03

| 1038

| Fregat-M

| VS07

| Soyuz-ST-A

|{{Flagicon|European Union}} Sentinel-1A

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 42

| 2014/06/14

| 112-02

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-M № 755

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 43

| 2014/07/08

| 1025

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Meteor-M №2,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Vernov,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} {{ill|DX1 (satellite)|lt=DX1|ru|DX1}},
{{Flagicon|UK}} UKube-1,
{{Flagicon|UK}} TechDemoSat-1,
{{Flagicon|USA}} SkySat-2,
{{Flagicon|Norway}} AISSat-2

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 44

| 2014/07/10

| 1032

| Fregat-MT

| VS08

| Soyuz-ST-B

| {{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM3,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM6,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM7,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM8

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 45

| 2014/08/22

| 1039

| Fregat-MT

| VS09

| Soyuz-ST-B

| {{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 5,
{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 6

|{{Failure}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 46

| 2014/10/30

| 1026

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Meridian № 17L

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 47

| 2014/11/30

| 1044

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-K № 12L

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 48

| 2014/12/18

| 133-01

| Fregat-MT

| VS10

| Soyuz-ST-B

| {{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM9,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM10,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM11,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM12

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 49

| 2015/03/27

| 133-02

| Fregat-MT

| VS11

| Soyuz-ST-B

|{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 7,
{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 8

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 50

| 2015/09/11

| 133-03

| Fregat-MT

| VS12

| Soyuz-ST-B

| {{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 9,
{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 10

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 51

| 2015/11/17

| 1033

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} EKS № 1

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 52

| 2015/12/11

| 2004

| Fregat-SB

| –

| Zenith-3SLBF

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Elektro-L No.2 № 2

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 53

| 2015/12/17

| 133-04

| Fregat-MT

| VS13

| Soyuz-ST-B

|{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 11,
{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 12

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 54

| 2016/02/07

| 112-03

| Fregat-MT

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-M № 751

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 55

| 2016/04/25

| 133-08

| Fregat-M

| VS14

| Soyuz-ST-A

|{{Flagicon|European Union}} Sentinel-1B

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 56

| 2016/05/24

| 133-05

| Fregat-MT

| VS15

| Soyuz-ST-B

| {{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 13,
{{Flagicon|European Union}} Galileo 14

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 57

| 2016/05/29

| 112-04

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-M № 753

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 58

| 2017/01/28

| 133-07

| Fregat-MT

| VS16

| Soyuz-ST-B

| {{Flagicon|Spain}} Hispasat 36W-1

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 59

| 2017/05/18

| 133-09

| Fregat-M

| VS17

| Soyuz-ST-A

|{{Flagicon|Luxembourg}} SES-15

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 60

| 2017/05/25

| 111–301

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Tundra № 2

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 61

| 2017/07/14

| 122-02

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Kanopus-V-IK,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} MKA-N № 1,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} MKA-N № 2,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Mayak,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Iskra-MAI-85,
{{Flagicon|Ecuador}} Ecuador UTE-YUZGU»,
{{Flagicon|Germany}} Flying Laptop,
{{Flagicon|Germany}} TechnoSat,
{{Flagicon|Japan}} WNISAT-1R,
{{Flagicon|Norway}} NorSat-1,
{{Flagicon|Norway}} NorSat-2,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Flock-2k 1...48,
{{Flagicon|USA}} CICERO 1...3,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Corvus-BC 1...2,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Lemur-2 42...49,
{{Flagicon|USA

}} NanoACE

|{{Partial_failure}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 62

| 2017/09/22

| 112-05

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-M № 752

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 63

| 2017/11/28

|

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Meteor-M №2,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Baumanets-2,
{{Flagicon|Canada}} LEO Vantage 2,
{{Flagicon|Canada}} Helios-Wire BIU,
{{Flagicon|Japan}} IDEA-OSG 1,
{{Flagicon|Norway}} AISSat-3,
{{Flagicon|Germany}} D-Star One,
{{Flagicon|Sweden}} SEAM,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Corvus-BC 3,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Lemur-2 58...67

|{{Failure}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 64

| 2017/12/26

| 2006

| Fregat-SB

| –

| Zenith-3SLBF

|{{Flagicon|Angola}} Angosat-1

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 65

| 2018/02/01

| 122-03

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Kanopus-V № 3,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Kanopus-V № 4,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Lemur-2 74,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Lemur-2 75,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Lemur-2 76,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Lemur-2 77,
{{Flagicon|Germany}} S-Net A,
{{Flagicon|Germany}} S-Net B,
{{Flagicon|Germany}} S-Net C,
{{Flagicon|Germany}} S-Net D,
{{Flagicon|Germany}} D-Star One

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 66

| 2018/03/09

| 133-06

| Fregat-MT

| VS18

| Soyuz-ST-B

| {{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM13,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM14,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM15,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM16

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 67

| 2018/06/16

| 112-06

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-M № 756

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 68

| 2018/11/03

| 112-08

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-M № 757

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 69

| 2018/11/07

| 133-14

| Fregat-M

| VS19

| Soyuz-ST-B

|{{Flagicon|Europe}} MetOp-C

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 70

| 2018/12/19

| 133-10

| Fregat-M

| VS20

| Soyuz-ST-B

| {{Flagicon|France}} Composante Spatiale Optique

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 71

| 2018/12/27

| 122-06

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1a

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Kanopus-V № 5,
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Kanopus-V № 6,
{{Flagicon|Japan}} GRUS-1,
{{Flagicon|South Africa}} ZACube-2,
{{Flagicon|Spain}} Lume-1,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Flock-3k 1...12,
{{Flagicon|USA}} Lemur-2 88...95,
{{Flagicon|Germany}} D-Star One iSat,
{{Flagicon|Germany}} D-Star One Sparrow,
{{Flagicon|Germany}} UWE-4,
{{Flagicon|Finland}} ICEYE-Dummy,
{{Flagicon|Israel}} SAMSON-Dummy 1...3

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 72

| 2019/02/21

| 112-07

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|Egypt}} EgyptSat-A

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 73

| 2019/02/27

| 133-15

| Fregat-M

| VS21

|Soyuz-ST-B

|{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb-0006,
{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb-0007,
{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb-0008,
{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb-0010,
{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb-0011,
{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb-0012

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 74

| 2019/04/04

| 133-17

| Fregat-MT

| VS22

| Soyuz-ST-B

| {{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM17,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM18,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM19,
{{Flagicon|UK}} O3b FM20

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 75

| 2019/05/27

| 112-09

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-M № 758

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 76

| 2019/07/05

| 122-04

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Meteor-M No.2
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Sokrat
{{Flagicon|Russia}} VDNH-80
{{Flagicon|Russia}} AmurSat
{{Flagicon|Sweden}} SEAM-2.0
{{Flagicon|France}} MTCube
{{Flagicon|Germany}} SONATE
{{Flagicon|Germany}} Beesat 9...13
{{Flagicon|Germany}} MOVE-IIb
{{Flagicon|Estonia}} TTU-101
{{Flagicon|Ecuador}} Ecuador-UTE
{{Flagicon|USA}} El Camino Real
{{Flagicon|USA}}Lemur-2 100...107
{{Flagicon|Israel}} NSLSat-1
{{Flagicon|Thailand}} JAISAT-1
{{Flagicon|Germany}} EXOCONNECT
{{Flagicon|Germany}} LightSat
{{Flagicon|Czech Republic}} Lucky-7
{{Flagicon|Finland}} ICEYE X4
{{Flagicon|Finland}} ICEYE X5
{{Flagicon|Germany}} CarboNIX
{{Flagicon|UK}} DoT 1

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 77

| 2019/07/30

|

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1a

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Meridian № 18L

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 78

| 2019/09/26

|

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Tundra № 3

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 79

| 2019/12/11

| 112-10

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-M № 759

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 80

| 2019/12/18

|

| Fregat-M

| VS23

| Soyuz-ST-A

| {{Flagicon|Italy}} COSMO-SkyMed
{{Flagicon|European Union}} CHEOPS
{{Flagicon|France}} EyeSat
{{Flagicon|France}} ANGELS
{{Flagicon|European Union}} OPS-SAT

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 81

| 2020/02/07

|

| Fregat-M

| ST27

| Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb (34 units)

|{{Success}}

style="vertical-align:top; height:21px"

| style="text-align:right;"| 82

| 2020/02/20

|

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} Meridian № 19L

|{{Success}}

83

|2020/03/17

|

|Fregat-M

| –

|Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Glonass-M №760

|{{Success}}

84

|2020/03/21

|

|Fregat-M

|ST28

|Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb (34 units)

|{{Success}}

85

|2020/12/29

|

|Fregat

|VS24

|Soyuz ST-A

| {{Flagicon|UAE}} Falcon Eye 2

|{{Success}}

86

|2021/02/28

|122-07

|Fregat-M

| –

|Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|Russia}} Arktika-M №1

|{{Success}}

87

|2021/03/22

|122-05

|Fregat-M

| –

|Soyuz-2.1a

|{{Flagicon|South Korea}} CAS500-1
{{Flagicon|Japan}} ELSA-d Target, Chaser
{{Flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} DMSAT-1
{{Flagicon|Japan}} Fukui Prefectural Satellite
{{Flagicon|Japan}} GRUS-1 × 3
{{Flagicon|Israel}} ADELIS-SAMSON x 3
{{Flagicon|Germany}} BeeSat × 4
{{Flagicon|Tunisia}} Challenge One
{{Flagicon|Russia}} CubeSX-HSE
{{Flagicon|Russia}} CubeSX-Sirius-HSE
{{Flagicon|Slovakia}} GRBAlpha
{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} Hiber-3
{{Flagicon|Canada}} Kepler-6,7
{{Flagicon|South Korea}} KMSL
{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} KSU_Cubesat
{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} LacunaSat-2b
{{Flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} Shaheen Sat 17
{{Flagicon|Brazil}} NANOSATC-BR2
{{Flagicon|Russia}} OrbiCraft-Zorkiy
{{Flagicon|South Korea}} Pumbaa, Timon
{{Flagicon|Italy}}{{Flagicon|Kenya}} WildTrackCube-SIMBA
{{Flagicon|Spain}} 3B5GSAT
{{Flagicon|Italy}} UNISAT-7
{{Flagicon|Thailand}} BCCSAT-1
{{Flagicon|Italy}} FEES
{{Flagicon|Argentina}} DIY
{{Flagicon|Hungary}}SMOG-1
{{Flagicon|Italy}} STECCO

|{{Success}}

88

|2021/03/25

|123-05

|Fregat

|ST30

|Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb (36 units)

|{{Success}}

89

|2021/04/25

|123-11

|Fregat

|ST31

|Soyuz-2.1b

|{{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb (36 units)

|{{Success}}

90

| 2021/05/28

| 123-10

| Fregat

| ST32

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb (36 units)

| {{Success}}

91

| 2021/07/01

| 112-15

| Fregat

| ST33

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb (36 units)

| {{Success}}

92

| 2021/08/21

| 123-03

| Fregat

| ST34

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb (34 units)

| {{Success}}

93

| 2021/09/14

| 123-05

| Fregat

| ST35

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb (34 units)

| {{Success}}

94

| 2021/10/14

| 123-14

| Fregat

| ST36

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb (36 units)

| {{Success}}

95

| 2021/11/25

| 111–305

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|Russia}} EKS-5

| {{Success}}

96

| 2021/12/05

| 133-13

| Fregat-MT

| VS26

| Soyuz ST-B

| {{Flagicon|EU}} Galileo FOC FM23
{{Flagicon|EU}} Galileo FOC FM24

| {{Success}}

97

| 2021/12/27

| 123-04

| Fregat

| ST37

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb (36 units)

| {{Success}}

98

| 2022/02/05

| 111–401

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} Neitron №1

| {{Success}}

99

| 2022/02/10

| 133-19

| Fregat-MT

| VS27

| Soyuz ST-B

| {{Flagicon|UK}} OneWeb (34 units)

| {{Success}}

100

| 2022/03/22

| 111-?

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} Meridian-M 10 (20L)

| {{Success}}

101

| 2022/07/07

| 112-13

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} GLONASS-K 16

| {{Success}}

102

| 2022/08/09

| 123-06

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|Iran}} Khayyam
{{Flagicon|Russia}} CubeXS-HSE-2
{{Flagicon|Russia}} CYCLOPS
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Geoscan-Edelweiss
{{Flagicon|Russia}} ISOI
{{Flagicon|Russia}} KAI-1
{{Flagicon|Russia}} KODIZ
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Kuzbass-300
{{Flagicon|Russia}} MIET-AIS
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Polytech Universe-1, 2
{{Flagicon|Russia}} ReshUCube-1
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Siren
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Skoltech B1, B2
{{Flagicon|Russia}} UTMN
{{Flagicon|Russia}} VIZARD-SS1

| {{Success}}

103

| 2022/10/10

| 112-16

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} GLONASS-K 17

| {{Success}}

104

| 2022/10/22

| 142-503

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} Gonets-M 23, 24, 25
{{Flagicon|Russia}} Skif-D

| {{Success}}

105

| 2022/11/02

| 111-306

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} EKS-6

| {{Success}}

106

| 2022/11/28

| 112-??

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} GLONASS-M 761

| {{Success}}

107

| 2023/05/26

| 142-01

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1a

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} Kondor-FKA №1

| {{Success}}

108

| 2023/06/27

| 142-02

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} Meteor-M №2-3
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Ahmat-1
{{Flagicon|RUS}} ArcCube-01
{{Flagicon|MYS}} A-SEANSAT-PG1
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Avion
{{Flagicon|BLR}} BSUSat-2
{{Flagicon|RUS}} CSTP-1.1, 1.2
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Cube-SX-HSE-3
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Impuls-1
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Khors-1, 2
{{Flagicon|RUS}} KuzGTU-1
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Monitor-2, 3, 4
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Nanosond-1
{{Flagicon|RUS}} NORBI 2
{{Flagicon|UAE}} PHI-Demo
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Polytech Universe-3
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Rassvet-1 × 3
{{Flagicon|RUS}} ReshUCube-2
{{Flagicon|RUS}} SamSat-ION
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Saturn
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Sirius-SINP-3U
{{Flagicon|RUS}} SITRO-AIS × 8
{{Flagicon|RUS}} StratoSat TK-1
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Svyatobor-1
{{Flagicon|RUS}} UmKa-1
{{Flagicon|RUS}} UTMN-2
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Vizard-meteo
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Yarilo-3, 4
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Zorkiy-2M

| {{Success}}

109

| 2023/08/07

| 112-23

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} GLONASS-K2 13L

| {{Success}}

110

| 2023/08/10

| 122-10

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} Luna 25

| {{Success}}

111

| 2023/12/16

| 122-11

| Fregat

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} Arktika-M No. 2

| {{Success}}

112

| 2024/02/29

| 142-03

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} Meteor-M No.2-4
{{Flagicon|RUS}} MARAFON-D-GVM
{{flagicon|Iran}} Pars 1
{{flagicon|RUS}} SITRO-AIS × 16
{{flagicon|RUS}} Zorkiy-2M-2

| {{Success}}

113

| 2024/05/16

| ?

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} Nivelir-L №4 (Kosmos 2576)
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Rassvet-2 × 3
{{flagicon|RUS}} SITRO-AIS × 4
{{flagicon|RUS}} Zorkiy-2M-4
{{flagicon|RUS}} Zorkiy-2M-6

| {{Success}}

114

| 2024/11/04

| 142-601

| Fregat-M

| –

| Soyuz-2.1b

| {{Flagicon|RUS}} Ionosfera-M №1
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Ionosfera-M №2
{{Flagicon|RUS}} Altair
{{flagicon|RUS}} ArcticSat-1
{{flagicon|RUS}}{{flagicon|CHN}} ASRTU-2
{{flagicon|RUS}} CSTP-2.1, 2.11, 2.2
{{flagicon|RUS}} Gorizont
{{flagicon|Iran}} Hod-Hod 1A
{{flagicon|RUS}} HyperView-1G
{{flagicon|RUS}} Khors 3, 4
{{flagicon|RUS}} Kolibri-S
{{flagicon|Iran}} Kowsar
{{flagicon|RUS}} Mordovia-IoT
{{flagicon|RUS}} MTUCI-1
{{flagicon|RUS}} Nokhcho
{{flagicon|RUS}} Norbi-3
{{flagicon|RUS}} Polytech Universe-4, 5
{{flagicon|RUS}} RTU MIREA 1
{{flagicon|RUS}} Ruzaevka-390
{{flagicon|RUS}} SamSat-ION 2
{{flagicon|RUS}} SIT-2086
{{flagicon|RUS}} SIT-HSE
{{flagicon|RUS}} SITRO-AIS × 24
{{flagicon|RUS}} TUSUR-GO
{{flagicon|RUS}} Vizard-ion
{{flagicon|RUS}} Vladivostok-1
{{flagicon|RUS}} YUZGU-60
{{flagicon|ZIM}} ZimSat-2

| {{Success}}

Failures

= August 2014 failure =

{{Main|Soyuz flight VS09}}

The Arianespace-operated flight of a Fregat MT ended in failure on 22 August 2014 after the vehicle deposited two EU/ESA Galileo navigation satellites into the wrong orbit. The lift off at 12:27:11 UTC from the Sinnamary launch site near Kourou, French Guiana, appeared to go well. However, a failure was only apparent later when, after the second firing of the Fregat MT upper stage had taken place, the satellites were detected as being in the wrong orbit.{{cite web |url=http://seradata.com/SSI/2014/08/soyuz-fregat-launch-failure-dooms-two-galileo-satellites-to-useless-orbit/|title=Soyuz Fregat launch failure dooms two Galileo satellites to useless orbit in embarrassing case of premature congratulation | Hyperbola|access-date=2014-10-08|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013082833/http://seradata.com/SSI/2014/08/soyuz-fregat-launch-failure-dooms-two-galileo-satellites-to-useless-orbit/|archive-date=2014-10-13}}

The Independent Inquiry Board formed to analyze the causes of the "anomaly" announced its definitive conclusions on 7 October 2014 following a meeting at Arianespace headquarters in Évry, near Paris.{{Cite press release|url=http://www.arianespace.com/press-release/soyuz-flight-vs09-independent-inquiry-board-announces-definitive-conclusions-concerning-the-fregat-upper-stage-anomaly/|title=Soyuz Flight VS09: Independent Inquiry Board announces definitive conclusions concerning the Fregat upper stage anomaly|publisher=Arianespace|place=Evry|date=8 October 2014|access-date=10 April 2016}} The failure occurred during the flight of the Fregat fourth stage. It occurred about 35 minutes after liftoff, at the beginning of the ballistic phase preceding the second ignition of this stage. The scenario that led to an error in the orbital injection of the satellites was precisely reconstructed, as follows:

  • The orbital error resulted from an error in the thrust orientation of the main engine on the Fregat stage during its second powered phase.
  • This orientation error was the result of the loss of inertial reference for the stage.
  • This loss occurred when the stage's inertial system operated outside its authorized operating envelope, an excursion that was caused by the failure of two of Fregat's attitude control thrusters during the preceding ballistic phase.
  • This failure was due to a temporary interruption of the joint hydrazine propellant supply to these thrusters.
  • The interruption in the flow was caused by freezing of the hydrazine.
  • The freezing resulted from the proximity of hydrazine and cold helium feed lines, these lines being connected by the same support structure, which acted as a thermal bridge.
  • Ambiguities in the design documents allowed the installation of this type of thermal "bridge" between the two lines. In fact, such bridges have also been seen on other Fregat stages now under production at NPO Lavochkin.
  • The design ambiguity is the result of not taking into account the relevant thermal transfers during the thermal analyses of the stage system design.

The root cause of the failure of flight VS09 is therefore a shortcoming in the system thermal analysis performed during stage design, and not an operator error during stage assembly.{{cite web|url=https://www.arianespace.com/press-release/soyuz-flight-vs09-independent-inquiry-board-announces-definitive-conclusions-concerning-the-fregat-upper-stage-anomaly/|title=Soyuz Flight VS09: Independent Inquiry Board announces definitive conclusions concerning the Fregat upper stage anomaly|publisher=Arianespace|date=8 October 2014|access-date=11 June 2021}}

Since 22 August 2014, Soyuz ST-B launch vehicles with Fregat-MT upper stages have performed three successful launches, six Galileo navigation satellites have been inserted into their target orbits in frame of Soyuz at the Guiana Space Centre ongoing ESA programme.{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Navigation/The_future_-_Galileo/Launching_Galileo/Two_new_satellites_join_the_Galileo_constellation|title=Two new satellites join the Galileo constellation / Launching Galileo / The future - Galileo / Navigation / Our Activities / ESA|access-date=2016-01-14|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127131919/http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Navigation/The_future_-_Galileo/Launching_Galileo/Two_new_satellites_join_the_Galileo_constellation |archive-date=2016-01-27 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Navigation/The_future_-_Galileo/Launching_Galileo/Galileo_taking_flight_ten_satellites_now_in_orbit|title=Galileo taking flight: Ten satellites now in orbit / Launching Galileo / The future - Galileo / Navigation / Our Activities / ESA|access-date=2016-01-14|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235413/http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Navigation/The_future_-_Galileo/Launching_Galileo/Galileo_taking_flight_ten_satellites_now_in_orbit|archive-date=2016-03-03}}{{cite web |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Navigation/The_future_-_Galileo/Launching_Galileo/Galileo_s_dozen_12_satellites_now_in_orbit |title=Galileo's dozen: 12 satellites now in orbit / Launching Galileo / The future - Galileo / Navigation / Our Activities / ESA |website=www.esa.int |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218172638/http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Navigation/The_future_-_Galileo/Launching_Galileo/Galileo_s_dozen_12_satellites_now_in_orbit |archive-date=2015-12-18}}

= July 2017 partial failure =

In July 2017, a Russian-operated rideshare flight of a Fregat upper stage ended with 9 of 72 small satellites dead-on-orbit.{{cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/insurance-firm-paid-astro-digitals-claim-for-lost-cubesats-sources-said/|title=Insurance firm paid Astro Digital's claim for lost cubesats, sources said|website=spacenews.com|date=10 March 2018|access-date=19 May 2021}}

= November 2017 failure =

The Russian-operated flight of a Fregat upper stage ended in failure after the vehicle deposited the upper stage, a Meteor MS-1 weather satellite, and 18 secondary cubesats back into Earth's atmosphere due to the first Fregat burn being ignited with the stage in the wrong orientation.{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/11/28/russian-weather-satellite-and-18-secondary-payloads-feared-lost/|title=Russian weather satellite and 18 secondary payloads lost after rocket failure|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=28 November 2017|access-date=11 June 2021}} The guidance computer on the Soyuz rocket's Fregat upper stage was mis-programmed, causing it to begin an unnecessary turn that left it in the wrong orientation for a critical engine burn required to enter orbit.{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/12/30/russian-official-blames-nov-28-launch-failure-on-botched-software-programming/|title=Russian official blames November 28 launch failure on botched software programming|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=30 December 2017|access-date=11 June 2021}}

Debris

The Fregats did not have enough impulse capability to de-orbit themselves after placing their payload into orbit and so several have remained in orbit as space debris.

The Fregat-SB upper stage rocket used to launch the Russian Spektr-R satellite into orbit in 2011, broke into multiple pieces on May 8, 2020 creating even more debris than normal.{{cite web |last1=Gill |first1=Prabhjote |title=A Russian rocket broke up in space above the Indian Ocean — leaving dangerous debris in its wake |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/a-russian-rocket-broke-up-in-space-above-the-indian-ocean-leaving-dangerous-debris-in-its-wake/articleshow/75667093.cms |access-date=5 December 2022}}

Versions

= Fregat-M/Fregat-MT =

Fregat-M/Fregat-MT tanks have ball-shaped additions on the tops of the tanks. These additions increase the load capability of the propellant from {{convert|5350|kg|lb}} to {{convert|6640|kg|lb}}, without causing any other changes to the physical dimensions of the vehicle.{{cite web|title=Fregat space tug|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/fregat.html|website=RussianSpaceWeb|access-date=26 July 2014}}

= Fregat-SB =

A version called Fregat-SB can be used with Zenit-2SB launch vehicle. This version is a variation of Fregat-M with a block of drop-off tanks ("SBB" or Сбрасываемый Блок Баков in Russian) which makes increased payload capability possible. The torus-shaped SBB weighs {{cvt|360|kg}} and contains up to {{cvt|3050|kg}} of propellant. The total dry weight of the Fregat-SB (including SBB) is {{cvt|1410|kg}} and the maximum propellant carrying capacity is {{cvt|10150|kg}}.{{cite web|url=http://www.kosmonavtika.com/lanceurs/fregat/tech/fregat-sb/fregat-sb.html|title=L'étage supérieur Fregat-SB : descriptif technique (in French)|publisher=Kosmonavtika.com|date=2012-12-12}}

Fregat-SB was launched for the first time on 20 January 2011, when it lifted the Elektro-L weather satellite into geosynchronous orbit.{{cite web|url=http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=15877644|title=Russia meteo satellite Electro-L successfully orbited|publisher=ITAR-TASS|date=2011-01-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110122203013/http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=15877644&PageNum=0|archive-date=2011-01-22}}

= All versions data =

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+ Fregat Upper Stage Family{{cite web|url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/East_Europe_1/Soyuz-2/Gallery/Fregat.htm|title=NPO Lavochkin's Fregat upper stage, Gallery|access-date=2015-08-05|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181450/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/East_Europe_1/Soyuz-2/Gallery/Fregat.htm|url-status=dead}}

Stage

! Fregat

! Fregat-M

! Fregat-MT

! Fregat-SB

! Fregat-SBU

! Fregat-2

Engine

| S5.92 || colspan="5" | S5.92 LN (Long Nozzle)

Total Launches

| 44 || 49 || 17 || 4 || – || –

Thrust (Low)

| {{cvt|13.73|kN}} || colspan="5" | {{cvt|13.96|kN}}

Thrust (High)

| {{cvt|19.61|kN}} || colspan="5" | {{cvt|20.01|kN}}

Specific Impulse (Low)

| 3,168 N*s/kg || colspan="5" | 3,222 N*s/kg

Specific Impulse (High)

| 3,207 N*s/kg || colspan="5" | 3,268 N*s/kg

Propellant (Max)

| {{cvt|5350|kg}} || {{cvt|6640|kg}} || {{cvt|7100|kg}} || {{cvt|10000|kg}} || {{cvt|10710|kg}} || {{cvt|12240|kg}}

Burn Time

| 1235...874 seconds || 1535...1085 seconds || 1640...1160 seconds || 2310...1635 seconds || 2475...1750 seconds || 2830...2000 seconds

Flow Rate

| colspan="6" | 4.3...6.1 kg/s

Total Impulse

| 16.9...17.2 MN*s || 21.4...21.7 MN*s || 22.9...23.2 MN*s || 32.2...32.7 MN*s || 34.5...35.0 MN*s || 39.4...40.0 MN*s

References

{{Portal|Spaceflight}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20150403051048/http://www.laspace.ru/rus/fregat.php Fregat page on the manufacturer site]
  • [https://www.laspace.ru/ru/press/vestnik/archive/01-2014/ Vestnik NPO Im. S.A.Lavochkina, issue 1, 2014] - special issue dedicated to Fregat

{{Upper stages}}

{{Lavochkin aircraft}}

Category:Rocket stages

Category:Space tugs

Category:Spacecraft that broke apart in space