Fundoshi

File:Samurai putting on Fundoshi (loincloth).png wood block print of a samurai putting on a {{Transliteration|ja|fundoshi}}]]

The fundoshi is first mentioned in the classic Japanese history text, the {{Transliteration|ja|Nihon Shoki}}. They are also depicted on clay figurines, {{Transliteration|ja|haniwa}}. The fundoshi was the underwear of choice for all adults regardless of sex, wealth, or social status. This changed after the Second World War, when Americanization popularized elasticized undergarments.{{Cite web |title=Loincloths are making a comeback this summer in Japan |url=https://sg.style.yahoo.com/loincloths-making-comeback-summer-japan-034947880.html |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=sg.style.yahoo.com |date=22 June 2017 |language=en-US}} There are several types of fundoshi, including {{Transliteration|ja|rokushaku}}, {{Transliteration|ja|kuroneko}}, {{Transliteration|ja|mokko}} and {{Transliteration|ja|etchū}}.

Fundoshi are worn in several basic styles depending upon how they are wrapped around the body. The most relaxed type consists of a strip of cloth, wound around the hips, secured at the small of the back by knotting or twisting, with the excess brought forward between the legs, and tucked through the cloth belt in front to hang as an apron.

The {{Transliteration|ja|rokushaku fundoshi}} (Japanese: 六尺ふんどし／六尺褌) is traditionally favored as activewear. Its name is derived from its traditional measurements of a cloth that is six ("roku") {{Transliteration|ja|shaku}} ({{cvt|1.818|m}}) long and one shaku ({{cvt|30.3|cm}}) wide. It is formed by winding the cloth around the hips, then bringing the excess length back between the legs to twist around the belt cloth at the back. The fundoshi is often twisted to create a thong effect at the back. This was worn as the standard male bathing suit. Male children were often told to wear this kind of fundoshi because a boy in trouble could be easily lifted out of the water by the back cloth of his fundoshi.

The third style, called {{Transliteration|ja|Etchū fundoshi}} (Japanese:越中褌), which originated in the vicinity of Toyama Prefecture, is a long rectangle of cloth with tapes at one narrow end. {{Transliteration|ja|Etchū fundoshi}} is a length of cloth; however, it has a strip of material at the waist to form a fastening or string. The dimensions are {{convert|14|in}} width by about {{convert|40|in}} length, and it is tied with the material strip in front of the body. One ties the tapes around the hips, with the cloth at the small of the back, and then pulls the cloth between the legs and through the belt, letting the remainder hang as an apron. Such {{Transliteration|ja|fundoshi}} was issued to Japanese troops in World War II, and often were the sole garb of Allied POWs in tropic areas.

The best material for this is white linen or white cotton. Silk crepe may be used according to one's taste, but plain silk is not suitable. In winter it may be lined with similar material, but in other seasons it is always single. Both ends (or front and back) are hemmed to put cords through. One of the cords forms a loop to suspend the front end from the neck, and the other secures the back end by being tied in the front.

File:Hadaka Matsuri small.JPG in Okayama.]]

There are many other varieties of {{Transliteration|ja|fundoshi}} as there are many variations on the principle of a loincloth. For example, the {{Transliteration|ja|mokko-fundoshi}} (literally "earth-basket loincloth" because it looks like the traditional baskets used in construction), is made like the {{Transliteration|ja|Etchū-fundoshi}} but without a front apron; the cloth is secured to the belt to make a bikini effect. The {{Transliteration|ja|kuro-neko fundoshi}} (literally "black cat {{Transliteration|ja|fundoshi}}") is like the {{Transliteration|ja|mokko-fundoshi}} except that the portion that passes from front to back is tailored to create a thong effect.{{Cite web |last=Cheapo |first=Tokyo |title=Fundoshi: All About the Traditional Japanese Loincloth and Where to Buy {{!}} Tokyo Cheapo |url=https://tokyocheapo.com/lifestyle/fundoshi-japanese-loincloth/ |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=Tokyo Cheapo |language=en-US}} {{Transliteration|ja|Fundoshi}} are not typically worn as everyday clothing. {{Transliteration|ja|Fundoshi}} is mainly worn on specific, traditional occasions, particularly when participating in {{Transliteration|ja|Hadaka Matsuri}}. During February, nearly 10,000 men will gather at Saidaiji Temple in Okayama wearing only {{Transliteration|ja|fundoshi}} to participate in the festival in hopes of gaining luck for the entire year.

The samurai wore {{Transliteration|ja|fundoshi}} as underwear with armor, combined with a {{Transliteration|ja|shitagi}} shirt. Sumo wrestlers also wear a form of this garment, the {{Transliteration|ja|mawashi}}.{{Cite web |last=MATCHA |title=Fundoshi: The History and Recent Trends in Japanese Traditional Underwear |url=https://matcha-jp.com/en/3167 |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=MATCHA - JAPAN TRAVEL WEB MAGAZINE |date=24 February 2022 |language=en}} {{Transliteration|ja|Fundoshi}} are often worn with a {{Transliteration|ja|hanten}} or {{Transliteration|ja|happi}} (a short cotton jacket with straight sleeves) during summer festivals by men and women who carry {{Transliteration|ja|mikoshi}} (portable shrines) in Shinto processions. Outside Japan it is perhaps best known from the drumming groups Ondekoza and Kodo, who appear dressed in only a white {{Transliteration|ja|fundoshi}} and a headband. {{Transliteration|ja|Fundoshi}} is sometimes used as traditional swimsuits. In some high schools, boys swim wearing {{Transliteration|ja|fundoshi}}. Incumbent Emperor of Japan Naruhito also swam in {{Transliteration|ja|fundoshi}} in his childhood. In the pools and beaches of Japan, {{Transliteration|ja|fundoshi}}-wearing swimmers occasionally can be seen, as in the case with {{Transliteration|ja|ama}} divers in the past.

In late 2008, the Japanese firm Wacoal began marketing {{Transliteration|ja|fundoshi}} for women and have had greater than expected sales. The loincloths for women come in seven different colors and two designs—plain and chequered.{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-loincloths-idUSTRE52T5GR20090330 |title=Lingerie firm offers women 'liberating' loincloths |last1=Maeda |first1=Toshi |editor=Miral Fahmy |date=30 March 2009 |website=Reuters |access-date=6 August 2012}}

The Japanese idiom {{transliteration|ja|"fundoshi o shimete kakaru"}} ('tighten your loincloth') means the same as the English phrase "roll up your sleeves" or even more accurately "gird up your loins"—in other words, get ready for some hard work. The Japanese idiom {{transliteration|ja|"tanin no fundoshi"}} (literally, 'anyone else's {{transliteration|ja|fundoshi}}') is often used in a cautionary context about borrowing or using tools or materials belonging to someone else, the meaning extended to that of profiting at another's expense or taking risks with someone else's money.

{{Portal|Japan|Fashion}}

• {{Nihongo3|naked festival|裸祭り|Hadaka Matsuri}}
• Kaupina
• Kodō
• List of Japanese clothing
• Loincloth
• {{Transliteration|ja|Mawashi}}, loincloth worn in sumo wrestling
• {{Transliteration|ja|Ondekoza}}

{{reflist}}

{{Sister project links|v=no|n=no|q=no|s=no|b=no}}

• [http://www.ikanlundu.com/literary/borneo_loincloth.html "The Loincloth of Borneo"] by Otto Steinmayer – A scholarly article on the wearing of loincloths, with brief mentions of fundoshi. Includes social and cultural connotations, modesty issues, etc.
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20041011233251/http://plaza18.mbn.or.jp/~yoshiki/akaba/index23.htm Fundoshi – Japanese Loincloth] – the three basic types of fundoshi (via the Wayback Machine)
• [http://www.shop-japan.co.jp/english-boku/fundoshi.html Fundoshi (loincloth)] – brief history and types
• Tying fundoshi:
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090903054940/http://geocities.com/sg_tiger.geo/fundoshi.html How to tie a Fundoshi] – via the Wayback Machine
• [http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_G_cH_9Z9tmA/RhxrbJDd-TI/AAAAAAAAApM/CYvvvYBXQYY/s1600-h/rokusyakudiagramgf4.jpg Knotting the Rokusyaku Fundoshi] – diagram
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090201060102/http://japansugoi.com/wordpress/how-to-put-on-a-fundoshi-%E8%A4%8C-japanese-loin-cloth-video/ How to put on a Fundoshi 褌 Japanese loin cloth video] – via the Wayback Machine

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{{Men's undergarments}}

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Category:Japanese lower-body garments

Category:Samurai clothing

Category:Shinto religious clothing

Category:Undergarments

Category:Japanese words and phrases