GAZ-13
{{short description|Russian automobile}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = GAZ-13 Chaika
| image = Tschaika (7911936676).jpg
| caption =
| manufacturer = GAZ
| production = 1959–1981 (first prototype made in 1955 or 1956)
| assembly = Soviet Union: Gorky
| predecessor = GAZ-12 ZIM
| successor = GAZ-14
| class = Full-size luxury car
| layout = FR layout
| engine = 5.5L ZMZ-13 V8
| related =
| transmission = 3-speed automatic
| wheelbase = {{convert|3250|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|5600|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|2000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1580|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|2050-2190|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
}}
The GAZ-13 Chaika (Seagull)Автомобиль Чайка. Руководство по эксплуатации. Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod. 16. edition, Gorki 1975. was an automobile manufactured by the Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (GAZ, Gorky Automobile Plant) from 1959 to 1981 as a generation of its Chaika marque. It is famously noted for its styling which resembled 1950s Packard automobiles.{{cite web |title=1959 GAZ M13 CHAIKA |url=https://www.haynesmuseum.org/vehicles/1959-gaz-m13-chaika |website=Haynes Museum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206235657/https://www.haynesmuseum.org/vehicles/1959-gaz-m13-chaika |access-date=1 December 2022 |archive-date=2021-12-06 |quote=It was very much inspired by the big American Packard of its day with its equally powerful V8 engine and automatic gearbox.}}{{cite web |title=Soviet Cars Were Weird: GAZ Chaika 13 |url=https://www.motor1.com/news/60924/soviet-cars-were-weird-gaz-chaika-13/ |access-date=1 December 2022 |quote=Many say the GAZ Chaika 13 was heavily inspired by the Packard Patrician in terms of design and similarities are obvious.}}{{cite web |title=Cohort Classic: GAZ 13 Chaika – Imitation Is The Sincerest Form Of Flattery |url=https://www.curbsideclassic.com/blog/cohort-classic-gaz-m13-chaika-imitation-is-the-sincerest-form-of-flattery/ |website=Curbside Classic |date=19 June 2018 |publisher=Paul Niedermeyer |access-date=1 December 2022 |quote=Its successor, the ZIL-111 drew its inspiration from the same 1955 Packard as does this Chaika, a “smaller” limo for the less well connected party bosses.}}
History
The GAZ-13 Chaika debuted in 1958.Thompson, Andy. Cars of the Soviet Union (Haynes Publishing, Somerset, UK, 2008), p.69. It was produced from 1959 to 1981, with 3,179 built in all.Thompson, p.70. The GAZ-13 was powered by a 195-hp SAE gross 5.5 L V8 with a 4 barrel carburetor called the ZMZ-13 engine, and driven through a push-button automatic transmission of a similar design to the Chrysler PowerFlite unit. The engine was a relatively modern and reliable design for its time, and a modified version of it with a reduced compression ratio and smaller 2 barrel carburetor would be used on the GAZ-53 truck, alongside the BRDM-2 military vehicle.[https://gaz24.info/wp/dvygately-v8-zmz-konstrukcyja-harakterystyky-ystoryja-razrabotky/ Двигатели V8 ЗМЗ конструкция, характеристики, история разработки]{{cite web |title=Советские V8. ГАЗовские ЗМЗ -13, -53, -14, -505, -500 серий |url=https://www.drive2.ru/b/288230376151833339/ |website=Drive2 |access-date=9 June 2024}} It was offered as a saloon (GAZ-13), limousine (GAZ-13A), and four-door cabriolet (GAZ-13B) with an electrohydraulic top.Thompson, p.70. The cabriolet was made in 1961 and 1962 for official parades.Thompson, p.70.
RAF in Riga produced the GAZ-13A Universal, an estate, in the 1960s in Riga; this was also built as the GAZ-13S ambulance, as well as a hearse.Thompson, p.70. Produced for a few years in the 1960s, it is the lowest-volume Chaika variant. Small numbers were also built for Mosfilm.Thompson, p.70. As a limousine-class car, Chaikas were available only to the Soviet government, and could not be purchased by average citizens{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}. However, citizens were allowed to rent Chaikas for weddings. Chaikas were used by Soviet ambassadors and Communist Party First Secretaries in East Germany, North Korea, Bulgaria, Hungary, Mongolia, China, and Finland, among others; Jiang Qing and Fidel Castro were given one each by General Secretary Nikita Khrushchev, who himself preferred the Chaika to his ZIL,Thompson, p.70. and kept one at his summer dacha. He also presented one limousine version each to both King Sisavang Vatthana of Laos and Prime Minister, Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia on their visits to the Soviet Union.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=799&dat=19680115&id=2tUOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MUgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1800,646733&hl=en|title=Red Aircraft, Troops Hit Laos|work=The Bryan Times|date=January 15, 1968}} For their larger size and more powerful V8, Chaikas were also ordered in some quantity by the KGB. Top speed was {{convert|99|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}}
Most Chaikas were saloons. The convertible GAZ-13B was built in limited numbers for only two years, 1961 and 1962. The GAZ-13 was discontinued in 1981, subsequent to the 1977 debut of the succeeding GAZ-14 which continued to be built until the demise of the Chaika in 1988.Thompson, p.70.
Pyotr Masherov, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Byelorussia, was killed in 1980 when the Chaika he was travelling in collided with a GAZ-53 truck carrying potatoes.
| class="wikitable" | |||
| Engine | Power | Transmission | suspension |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8-cylinder | 220 hp SAE gross{{cite book|title=World Cars 1978|date=1978 |publisher=Herald Books|isbn=0-910714-10-X}} | 3-speed | Front: independent with coil springs |
File:Tschaika (7906329546).jpg|Front view
File:GAZ-13 Chaika during the Oldtimer Show 2008.jpg|Rear view. Notice the tailpipe integrated in the rear bumper as well as the late-1950s American-style tailfins.
File:GAZ-13 Chaika during the Oldtimer Expo 2008.jpg|Sedan version
File:GAZ 13B Chaika (1968) 1X7A8082.jpg|Cabriolet
File:Flickr - Hugo90 - GAZ Chaika.jpg|GAZ logo
File:Chaika car interior.JPG|GAZ-13 interior
{{Clear}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{GAZ timeline 1960-present}}
Category:Cars introduced in 1959