Gaf

A non-standard letter to the Arabic alphabet; Gāf ({{lang|ar|گ}}) has been traditionally used in Iraq and parts of the Levant for {{IPAslink|g}}. In Morocco, a similar letter ({{script/Arabic|ݣ}}) is used. while in other Arabic-speaking countries other letters are used, such as {{script/Arabic|ڨ}} in Tunisia and Algeria, and any of the standard letters {{script/Arabic|ج}}, {{script/Arabic|غ}}, or {{script/Arabic|ق}} in the other countries.

The most common form of gāf ({{script/Arabic|گ}}) is based on kāf with an additional line. It is rarely used in Standard Arabic itself but is used to represent the sound {{IPAslink|ɡ}} when writing other languages.

{{Arabic alphabet Naskh and Nastaliq shapes|گ}}

When representing this sound in transliteration of Persian into Hebrew, it is written as כ׳ kaph and a geresh.

It is frequently used in Persian, Pashto, Uyghur, Urdu and Kurdish, and is one of four Perso-Arabic letters not found in Arabic. It is also commonly used in Mesopotamian Arabic.Alkalesi, Yasin M. (2001) "Modern iraqi arabic: A textbook". Georgetown University Press. {{ISBN|978-0878407880}}

In Pashto, this letter is used for {{IPAslink|ɡ}}.

{{Arabic alphabet Naskh and Nastaliq shapes|ګ}}

This gāf ({{script/Arabic|ݢ}}) is derived from a variant form of kāf ({{script/Arabic|ک}}), with the addition of a dot. It is not used in the Arabic language itself, but is used in the Jawi script to represent {{IPAslink|ɡ}}.

{{Arabic alphabet shapes|ݢ}}

Unicode includes two forms on this letter: one based on the standard Arabic kāf ({{script/Arabic|ك}}), and one based on the variant form ({{script/Arabic|ک}}). The latter is the preferred form.{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03176-gafs.pdf|author=Jonatha Kew|title=Proposal to encode Jawi and Moroccan Arabic GAF characters|date=2003}}

{{Charmap

|06AC|name1=Arabic Letter Kaf with Dot Above

|0762|name2=Arabic Letter Keheh with Dot Above

}}

This letter ({{script/Arabic|ڮ}}) is derived from a form of kāf ({{script/Arabic|ك}}), with the addition of three dots below.

{{Arabic alphabet shapes|ڮ}}

In Chechen, Kabardian, and Adyghe, the Arabic character {{script/Arabic|ࢰ}} is used to spell {{IPAslink|kʼ}} or {{IPAslink|t͡ʃʼ}}. In Chechen, ⟨{{script/Arabic|گ}}⟩ is alternatively used as well.

{{Arabic alphabet shapes|ࢰ}}

This letter ({{script/Arabic|ࢴ}}) is derived from a form of kāf ({{script/Arabic|ك}}), with the addition of three a dot below. It is not used in the Arabic language itself, but is used in the Arwi alphabet for the Tamil language and the Pegon script for Indonesian languages to represent {{IPAslink|ɡ}}.{{cite web |author=Pournader |first=Roozbeh |date=June 24, 2013 |title=Proposal to encode three Arabic characters for Arwi |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2013/13130-arwi.pdf}}{{cite web |author=Nasrullah |first=Febri Muhammad |date=2022-09-11 |title=On ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT BELOW |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22221-arabic-kaf-with-dot-below.pdf |website=UTC Document Register for 2022}}

{{Arabic alphabet shapes|ࢴ}}

{{See also|Ng (Arabic letter)}}

File:Top Floors Cafe Argana in 2006 (Cropped).png features a prominent gaf with three dots.]]

File:کتاب الابنیه عن حقایق الادویه، برگی از دستنویس محفوظ در کتابخانه مجلس در تهران.jpg with letter gāf written as (ڭـ).]]

The letter {{script/Arabic|ڭ}} is used in Berber and Moroccan Arabic to represent {{IPAslink|ɡ}}.{{cite web |date=8 November 2009 |title=Learn Moroccan Arabic |url=http://www.31best-riad-marrakesh.com/learn-moroccan-arabic/ |work=Best Riad Marakkesh |script-quote=ar:واش كتهدر بالإنݣليزية}} Examples of its use include city names (e.g., Agadir: {{script/Arabic|أݣادير}}) and family names (e.g., El Guerrouj: {{script/Arabic|الݣروج}}). The preferred form is {{script/Arabic|ڭ}}.

{{Arabic alphabet shapes|ڭ}}It was also used in Ottoman Turkish for {{IPAslink|ŋ}}. Both forms are based on variant forms of kāf ({{script/Arabic|ك}}/{{script/Arabic|ک}}), with the addition of three dots. The preferred form is {{script/Arabic|ݣ}}.

{{Arabic alphabet shapes|ݣ}}

{{charmap

|06AB|name1=Arabic Letter Kaf with Ring

|06AC|name2=Arabic Letter Kaf with Dot Above

|06AE|name3=Arabic Letter Kaf with Three Dots Below

|06AF|name4=Arabic Letter Gaf

|08B0|name5=Arabic Letter Gaf with Inverted Stroke

}}

{{charmap

|0762|name1=Arabic Letter Keheh with
Dot Above

|0763|name2=Arabic Letter Keheh with
Three Dots Above

|06AD|name3=ARABIC LETTER NG

|08B4|name4=Arabic Letter Kaf with
Dot Below

}}

• {{big|{{script/Arabic|ڨ}}}}, a letter derived from {{Transliteration|ar|ALA-LC|qāf}} and used for {{IPAslink|ɡ}} in Tunisia and Algeria
• Ng (Arabic letter)
• Gueh
• Ayin
• Ghayn

{{Reflist}}

• [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/render_download.php?site_id=nrsi&format=file&media_id=arabicletterusagenotes&filename=ArabicLetterUsageNotes.pdf Notes on some Unicode Arabic characters: recommendations for usage] (PDF)

Gaf

Gaf