Garmsar

Garmsar has a Tat and Persian majority. Persian and Tati are the main languages in Garmsar County. Other languages such as Azeri and Kurdish are still spoken by older people from different ethnicities like Osanlu(azari) and Pazuki, Gharachorloo and Shadloo (kurdish) in the nearby villages.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} Younger generation speaks Persian along with their native language.

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 38,891 in 10,951 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Semnan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/20.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920095232/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/20.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}} The following census in 2011 counted 40,985 people in 12,539 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Semnan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Semnan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120141324/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Semnan.xls|archive-date=20 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}} The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 48,672 people in 16,075 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Semnan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_20.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117022823/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_20.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=17 November 2020}}

Garmsar has a hot desert climate (BWh) in Köppen climate classification and (BW) in Trewartha climate classification.

{{Weather box |metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= Garmsār, Semnan Province, Altitude: 899.9 M from: 1986-2010

|Jan record high C = 20.8

|Feb record high C = 24.6

|Mar record high C = 32.2

|Apr record high C = 36.6

|May record high C = 40.8

|Jun record high C = 45.0

|Jul record high C = 47.0

|Aug record high C = 46.0

|Sep record high C = 41.0

|Oct record high C = 36.4

|Nov record high C = 28.4

|Dec record high C = 22.2

|Jan high C = 10.2

|Feb high C = 13.5

|Mar high C = 18.8

|Apr high C = 25.7

|May high C = 31.6

|Jun high C = 37.7

|Jul high C = 40.0

|Aug high C = 39.1

|Sep high C = 34.8

|Oct high C = 27.7

|Nov high C = 18.9

|Dec high C = 12.1

|Jan mean C = 4.7

|Feb mean C = 7.4

|Mar mean C = 12.4

|Apr mean C = 18.6

|May mean C = 24.0

|Jun mean C = 29.7

|Jul mean C = 32.4

|Aug mean C = 31.1

|Sep mean C = 26.4

|Oct mean C = 20.0

|Nov mean C = 12.2

|Dec mean C = 6.5

|Jan low C = -0.9

|Feb low C = 1.3

|Mar low C = 6.0

|Apr low C = 11.5

|May low C = 16.4

|Jun low C = 21.6

|Jul low C = 24.7

|Aug low C = 23.2

|Sep low C = 18.1

|Oct low C = 12.3

|Nov low C = 5.6

|Dec low C = 0.9

|precipitation colour=green

|Jan precipitation mm = 15.0

|Feb precipitation mm = 14.5

|Mar precipitation mm = 26.9

|Apr precipitation mm = 19.8

|May precipitation mm = 10.8

|Jun precipitation mm = 1.0

|Jul precipitation mm = 2.7

|Aug precipitation mm = 1.0

|Sep precipitation mm = 0.4

|Oct precipitation mm = 3.8

|Nov precipitation mm = 11.1

|Dec precipitation mm = 14.1

|Jan humidity = 64

|Feb humidity = 55

|Mar humidity = 47

|Apr humidity = 39

|May humidity = 32

|Jun humidity = 23

|Jul humidity = 25

|Aug humidity = 25

|Sep humidity = 28

|Oct humidity = 36

|Nov humidity = 50

|Dec humidity = 64

|source 1 = [http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/iranarchive.asp I.R. OF IRAN SHAHREKORD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (IN PERSIAN)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829024954/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/iranarchive.asp |date=2017-08-29 }}. 1986–2010

|date=1986-2010

}}

File:GarmsarFan.png of Garmsar seen from space]]

File:GarmsarMap.JPG

The Hablehrood river originating from Dalichai-Firouzkooh flows to the plateau of Garmsar. Its water is extensively used for agriculture. Since salt water mixes with Hablehrood before its arrival to the city, the water is not fit for drinking. Hablehrood is the only permanent river in Semnan province. Thanks to the water provided by Hablehrood, people in Garmsar grow wheat, barley, cotton and yellow melon. Garmsar is known across Iran for its sweet and crispy yellow melons.{{Cite web |url=http://www.garmsarnews.com/ashpazi/ashpazi00.htm |title=آشپزي روز |access-date=2013-02-15 |archive-date=2013-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309002521/http://www.garmsarnews.com/ashpazi/ashpazi00.htm |url-status=dead }}

The many river branches and the irrigated fields provide recharge to the aquifer. Since ancient times, groundwater in the Garmsar area has been exploited by ghanats (qanats, karezes) and shallow wells, mainly for irrigation of agricultural land, but also for household purposes. In the last decades, the number of deep-wells has increased sharply and the ghanats have fallen dry.{{cite web|work=International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement |year=2000|title=Irrigation in the alluvial fan of Garmsar, Iran|url=https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/garmsar.pdf}}

Yet, at the fringes of the fan, problems of waterlogging occur owing to irrigation losses higher up that are transported through the aquifer to the lower lying areas causing shallow watertables, while the evaporation from the shallow watertable brings salts into the rootzone which henceforth is salinizing. As a result, the agriculture in the fringes suffers low yields or is impossible.

The traditional cuisine of the city is called Tahchin. It differs from the classic Tahchin common in other cities. Tahchin is a tasty and fragrant rice-based food where marinated raw meat is slowly cooked inside the rice over a low flame for several hours.

==Education==

• Adiban Institute of Higher Education
• Alla ed Dolle Haji Abad, Garmsar
• Amirkabir University of Technology - Garmsar Branch
• Elmi Kaar Bordi, Garmsar
• Islamic Azad University of Garmsar{{Cite web |url=http://www.iau-garmsar.ac.ir/ |title=دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد گرمسار |access-date=2006-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016035426/http://iau-garmsar.ac.ir/ |archive-date=2019-10-16 |url-status=dead }}
• Payame Noor University
• University of Garmasar{{cite web |url=http://www.ugsr.ir/ |title=Home |website=ugsr.ir}}

==Notable people==

• Amir Arsalan Motahari
• Jalil Zandi
• Ali Sorena
• Mahmoud Ahmadi Nejad

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{{Semnan Province|state=collapsed}}

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Category:Populated places in Garmsar County

Category:Cities in Semnan province