Geography of Germany#Extreme points

Germany is in Central Europe, bordering Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the east, Austria and Switzerland in the south, France and Luxembourg in the south-west, and Belgium and the Netherlands in the north-west. It lies mostly between latitudes 47° and 55° N (the tip of Sylt is just north of 55°), and longitudes 5° and 16° E. The territory covers {{convert|357600|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, consisting of {{convert|349250|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} of land and {{convert|8350|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} of water. It is the seventh largest country by area in Europe and the 63rd largest in the world.

File:Zugspitze Westansicht.JPG is the highest elevation in Germany.]]

• Northernmost point: List, Sylt, Schleswig-Holstein {{coord|55|03|N|8|24|E|region:DE-SH_type:landmark_source:frwiki|name=List on Sylt (Northernmost point)}}
• Northernmost point in mainland Germany: Rodenäs, Schleswig-Holstein {{coord|54|54|N|8|49|E|region:DE-SH_type:landmark_source:frwiki|name=Aventoft (northernmost on continent)}}
• Southernmost point: Haldenwanger Eck, Oberstdorf, Bavaria {{coord|47|16|12.39|N|10|10|41.95|E|region:DE-BY_type:landmark_source:dewiki|name=Haldenwanger Eck at Oberstdorf (Southernmost point)}}
• Westernmost point: Isenbruch, Selfkant, North Rhine-Westphalia {{coord|51|3|N|5|52|E|region:DE-NW_type:landmark_source:frwiki|name=Isenbruch near Millen (Westernmost point)}}
• Easternmost point: Deschka, Neißeaue, Saxony {{coord|51|16|N|15|2|E|type:landmark_region:DE-SN_source:frwiki|name=Deschka (Easternmost point)}}
• Lowest point (human-made): Tagebau Hambach {{Convert|293|m|ft|abbr=on}} below sea level, Niederzier, North Rhine-Westphalia, {{Coord|50|54|39|N|6|30|10|E|region:DE_type:landmark|name=Tagebau Hambach (lowest)}}
• Lowest point (natural): Neuendorf-Sachsenbande, Wilstermarsch, Schleswig-Holstein {{Convert|3.54|m|ft|abbr=on}} below sea level{{cite journal

| title =Geografie

| journal =Statistische Jahrbuch Schleswig-Holstein

| volume =2019/2020

| pages =307

| publisher =Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein

| location =Hamburg

| date =2020

| language =de

| url =https://www.statistik-nord.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Jahrb%C3%BCcher/Schleswig-Holstein/JB19SH_Gesamt.pdf

| issn =0487-6423

| access-date =2020-09-08

}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{coord|53|57|48|N|9|19|5|E|region:DE_type:landmark|name=Wilstermarsch (lowest)}}

• Highest point: Zugspitze, in the Bavarian Alps, {{Convert|2,962|m|ft|abbr=on}}, Garmisch-Partenkirchen / Grainau, Bavaria {{coord|47|25|N|10|59|E|region:DE-BY_type:mountain|name=Zugspitze (highest)}}
• Highest settlement: Feldberg, Baden-Württemberg, in the Black Forest, {{Convert|1,277|m|ft|abbr=on}}

• Continental shelf: {{Convert|200|m|ft|abbr=on}} depth or to the depth of exploitation.
• Exclusive economic zone: {{convert|57,485|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} with {{convert|200|nmi|km mi|1|abbr=on|lk=in}}. The exact EEZ is due to conventions with neighbouring states.
• Territorial sea: {{convert|12|nmi|km mi|1|abbr=on}}

File:Deutschland topo.jpg

The northern third of the country lies in the North European Plain, with flat terrain crossed by northward-flowing watercourses (Elbe, Ems, Weser, Oder). Wetlands and marshy conditions are found close to the Dutch border and along the Frisian coast. Sandy Mecklenburg in the northeast has many glacier-formed lakes dating to the last glacial period.

Moving south, central Germany features rough and somewhat patternless hilly and mountainous countryside, some of it formed by ancient volcanic activity. The Rhine valley cuts through the western part of this region. The central uplands continue east and north as far as the Saale and merge with the Ore Mountains on the border with the Czech Republic. Upland regions include the Eifel, Hunsrück and Palatine Forest west of the Rhine, the Taunus hills north of Frankfurt, the Vogelsberg massif, the Rhön, and the Thuringian Forest. South of Berlin, the east-central part of the country is more like the low northern areas, with sandy soil and river wetlands such as the Spreewald region.

Southern Germany's landforms are defined by various linear hill and mountain ranges like the two adjacent ranges of the Swabian and Franconian Alb (reaching approximately from the source of the Danube in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg, south of Stuttgart, across Swabia into Central Franconia and to the valley of the river Main) and the Bavarian Forest along the border between Bavaria and the Czech Republic. The Alps on the southern border are the highest mountains, but relatively little Alpine terrain lies within Germany (in southeastern Swabia and Upper Bavaria) compared to Switzerland and Austria. The Black Forest, on the southwestern border with France, separates the Rhine from the headwaters of the Danube on its eastern slopes.

{{multiple image

| align = right

| image1 = Sylt Rotes Kliff.jpg

| width1 = 175

| caption1 = Summer coastal climate on the island of Sylt in Schleswig-Holstein

| alt1 = Coastal dunes

| image2 = Thüringerwald.JPG

| width2 = 209

| caption2 = Thuringian Forests in winter

| alt2 = Thuringian Forest

}}

The north–south difference in Germany, between 55°03"N (at List on Sylt) and 47°16"N (around Oberstdorf, Bavaria) equals almost eight degrees of latitude (or 889 km), which can be seen especially during summer in the differences between the average temperatures. Besides that, there is a strong west–east cline in temperature. This is explained by the northwestern Germany's flat and open landscapes and its proximity to the sea, and South's higher terrain, larger distance from the sea, and the Alps. These mountains prevent much of the usually warmer Mediterranean air blowing into southern Germany. To the north of the Alps and the Carpathians, the local climate becomes colder, even at the same latitude and altitude. This is caused by some areas being further away from the Atlantic Ocean's Gulf Stream, known for having a warm current for its latitude, in addition to being closer to Russia's and Siberia's extremely cold winter winds. Even if Siberian winter winds are not dominating, when they do hit Germany, temperatures can in extreme cases fall to -20 C in the mountains and below during the nights, and this has an effect on the average temperatures of November to March. Although rare, when such cold air reaches Germany, the North-Eastern parts become mainly affected, while the Southwest receives few cold days in general. The Gulf Stream results in the coast having the mildest nights in the winter, almost never freezing.

The warmest area in Germany is the area bordering France, west of the Schwarzwald hills, roughly between Mannheim to the north and the Swiss border to the south. The coldest area (except for mountain peaks) is found in the southeastern parts of eastern Germany around Dresden and Görlitz up to Berlin.

Germany's climate is temperate and marine in the west and humid continental in the east. It has cool winters in the west and cold winters in the east. It has moderate rainfall year-round and is mostly overcast from November to February. Summers are warm, more so in the south. The north and centre of Germany lies fully in the temperate climatic zone in which humid westerly winds predominate. In the northwest and the north, the climate is oceanic. Winters there are cool and summers warm. In the east, the climate shows clear continental features; winters are cold and summers warm. Dry periods are often recorded.

In the centre and the south, there is a transitional climate between oceanic or continental. Winters are cool and summers warm, though maximum temperatures can exceed {{convert|30|°C|°F}} for several days in a row during heat waves.

The warmest regions of Germany are in the southwest (see Rhine Rift Valley, German Wine Route and Palatinate). Summers are hot with many days up to {{convert|40|°C|°F}}. Sometimes, minimum temperatures do not drop below {{convert|20|°C|°F|}}, which is relatively rare in other regions, except the North Sea coast and western city climates.[http://www.handbuch-deutschland.de/book/en/002_001_001.html German Climate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070422214736/http://www.handbuch-deutschland.de/book/en/002_001_001.html |date=2007-04-22 }} Handbuch Deutschland. Retrieved November 30, 2006.{{Cite web | url=http://www.wordtravels.com/Travelguide/Countries/Germany/Climate/ | title=German Climate and Weather | publisher = Globe Media Ltd. | website=World Travels | access-date=November 30, 2006 | date=2014}}

The recorded extremes are a maximum of {{convert|41.2|°C|°F}} (July 2019, Duisburg-Bearl & Tönisvorst),{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} and a minimum of {{convert|-37.8|°C|°F}} (February 1929, in Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm).{{cite web |title=Wetterrekorde Deutschland |url=https://www.wetterdienst.de/Klima/Wetterrekorde/Deutschland/Temperatur/Max/ |publisher=wetterdienst.de |access-date=8 May 2018}}

{{Weather box

|width = auto

|location = Berlin (Schönefeld), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1957–present

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|collapsed = Yes

|Jan record high C = 15.1

|Feb record high C = 18.0

|Mar record high C = 25.8

|Apr record high C = 30.8

|May record high C = 32.7

|Jun record high C = 35.4

|Jul record high C = 37.3

|Aug record high C = 38.0

|Sep record high C = 32.3

|Oct record high C = 27.7

|Nov record high C = 20.4

|Dec record high C = 15.6

|year record high C = 38.0

|Jan high C = 2.8

|Feb high C = 4.3

|Mar high C = 8.7

|Apr high C = 14.3

|May high C = 19.4

|Jun high C = 22.0

|Jul high C = 24.6

|Aug high C = 24.2

|Sep high C = 19.3

|Oct high C = 13.8

|Nov high C = 7.3

|Dec high C = 3.3

|year high C = 13.7

|Jan mean C = 0.1

|Feb mean C = 0.9

|Mar mean C = 4.3

|Apr mean C = 9.0

|May mean C = 14.0

|Jun mean C = 16.8

|Jul mean C = 19.1

|Aug mean C = 18.5

|Sep mean C = 14.2

|Oct mean C = 9.4

|Nov mean C = 4.4

|Dec mean C = 1.0

|year mean C = 9.3

|Jan low C = -2.8

|Feb low C = -2.4

|Mar low C = 0.4

|Apr low C = 3.5

|May low C = 8.2

|Jun low C = 11.2

|Jul low C = 13.5

|Aug low C = 13.0

|Sep low C = 9.6

|Oct low C = 5.4

|Nov low C = 1.4

|Dec low C = -1.6

|year low C = 5.0

|Jan record low C = -25.3

|Feb record low C = -22.0

|Mar record low C = -16.0

|Apr record low C = -7.4

|May record low C = -2.8

|Jun record low C = 1.3

|Jul record low C = 4.9

|Aug record low C = 4.6

|Sep record low C = -0.9

|Oct record low C = -7.7

|Nov record low C = -12.0

|Dec record low C = -24.0

|year record low C = -25.3

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 37.2

|Feb precipitation mm = 30.1

|Mar precipitation mm = 39.3

|Apr precipitation mm = 33.7

|May precipitation mm = 52.6

|Jun precipitation mm = 60.2

|Jul precipitation mm = 52.5

|Aug precipitation mm = 53.0

|Sep precipitation mm = 39.5

|Oct precipitation mm = 32.2

|Nov precipitation mm = 37.8

|Dec precipitation mm = 46.1

|year precipitation mm = 515.2

|Jan sun = 57.6

|Feb sun = 71.5

|Mar sun = 119.4

|Apr sun = 191.2

|May sun = 229.6

|Jun sun = 230.0

|Jul sun = 232.4

|Aug sun = 217.3

|Sep sun = 162.3

|Oct sun = 114.7

|Nov sun = 54.9

|Dec sun = 46.9

|year sun = 1727.6

| Jan uv =1

| Feb uv =1

| Mar uv =2

| Apr uv =4

| May uv =5

| Jun uv =6

| Jul uv =6

| Aug uv =5

| Sep uv =4

| Oct uv =2

| Nov uv =1

| Dec uv =0

|source 1 = DWD{{cite web

|url = https://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland&T82002gsbDocumentPath=Navigation%2FOeffentlichkeit%2FKlima__Umwelt%2FKlimadaten%2Fkldaten__kostenfrei%2Fausgabe__monatswerte__node.html%3F__nnn%3Dtrue

|title = Ausgabe der Klimadaten: Monatswerte

|access-date = 2019-06-12

|archive-date = 12 June 2014

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140612043121/https://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland&T82002gsbDocumentPath=Navigation%2FOeffentlichkeit%2FKlima__Umwelt%2FKlimadaten%2Fkldaten__kostenfrei%2Fausgabe__monatswerte__node.html%3F__nnn%3Dtrue

|url-status = live

}} and Weather Atlas{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/germany/berlin-climate|title=Berlin, Germany - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|publisher=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=2019-07-02|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125121717/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/germany/berlin-climate|url-status=live}}

}}

{{Weather box

| location = Hamburg-Fuhlsbuttel (Hamburg Airport), elevation: 15 m, 1981-2010 normals

| metric first = Yes

| single line = yes

|collapsed = Yes

| width = auto

| Jan record high C = 14.4

| Feb record high C = 17.2

| Mar record high C = 23.0

| Apr record high C = 29.7

| May record high C = 33.5

| Jun record high C = 34.6

| Jul record high C = 36.9

| Aug record high C = 37.3

| Sep record high C = 32.3

| Oct record high C = 26.1

| Nov record high C = 20.2

| Dec record high C = 15.7

| year record high C =

| Jan high C = 3.5

| Feb high C = 4.4

| Mar high C = 8.0

| Apr high C = 12.3

| May high C = 17.5

| Jun high C = 19.9

| Jul high C = 22.1

| Aug high C = 22.2

| Sep high C = 17.9

| Oct high C = 13.0

| Nov high C = 7.5

| Dec high C = 4.6

| year high C = 13.2

| Jan mean C = 1.0

| Feb mean C = 1.6

| Mar mean C = 4.6

| Apr mean C = 7.8

| May mean C = 12.5

| Jun mean C = 15.2

| Jul mean C = 17.4

| Aug mean C = 17.4

| Sep mean C = 13.7

| Oct mean C = 9.5

| Nov mean C = 4.9

| Dec mean C = 2.3

| year mean C = 9.0

| Jan low C = −1.4

| Feb low C = −1.2

| Mar low C = 1.1

| Apr low C = 3.3

| May low C = 7.4

| Jun low C = 10.5

| Jul low C = 12.7

| Aug low C = 12.5

| Sep low C = 9.6

| Oct low C = 6.0

| Nov low C = 2.4

| Dec low C = 0.0

| year low C = 6.2

| Jan record low C = -22.8

| Feb record low C = -29.1

| Mar record low C = -15.3

| Apr record low C = -7.1

| May record low C = -5.0

| Jun record low C = 0.6

| Jul record low C = 3.4

| Aug record low C = 1.8

| Sep record low C = -1.2

| Oct record low C = -7.1

| Nov record low C = -15.4

| Dec record low C = -18.5

| year record low C = -29.1

| rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm = 67.8

| Feb rain mm = 49.9

| Mar rain mm = 67.7

| Apr rain mm = 43.0

| May rain mm = 57.4

| Jun rain mm = 78.6

| Jul rain mm = 76.7

| Aug rain mm = 78.9

| Sep rain mm = 67.4

| Oct rain mm = 67.0

| Nov rain mm = 69.2

| Dec rain mm = 68.9

| year rain mm = 792.6

| unit rain days = 1.0 mm

| Jan rain days = 12.1

| Feb rain days = 9.2

| Mar rain days = 11.3

| Apr rain days = 8.9

| May rain days = 9.6

| Jun rain days = 11.3

| Jul rain days = 11.4

| Aug rain days = 10.2

| Sep rain days = 10.8

| Oct rain days = 10.5

| Nov rain days = 11.7

| Dec rain days = 12.4

| Jan sun = 46.9

| Feb sun = 69.0

| Mar sun = 108.8

| Apr sun = 171.6

| May sun = 223.4

| Jun sun = 198.7

| Jul sun = 217.5

| Aug sun = 203.1

| Sep sun = 144.6

| Oct sun = 107.9

| Nov sun = 53.0

| Dec sun = 37.4

| Jan uv =0

| Feb uv =1

| Mar uv =2

| Apr uv =4

| May uv =5

| Jun uv =6

| Jul uv =6

| Aug uv =5

| Sep uv =4

| Oct uv =2

| Nov uv =1

| Dec uv =0

| source = WMO (UN),{{cite web |url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/016/c00055.htm

| title = World Weather Information Service – Hamburg

| access-date = 6 April 2012

| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst

}} DWD{{cite web

| url = http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland&T82002gsbDocumentPath=Navigation%2FOeffentlichkeit%2FKlima__Umwelt%2FKlimadaten%2Fkldaten__kostenfrei%2Fausgabe__monatswerte__node.html%3F__nnn%3Dtrue

| title = Ausgabe der Klimadaten: Monatswerte

| url-status = dead

| access-date = 24 June 2014

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140612043121/http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland&T82002gsbDocumentPath=Navigation%2FOeffentlichkeit%2FKlima__Umwelt%2FKlimadaten%2Fkldaten__kostenfrei%2Fausgabe__monatswerte__node.html%3F__nnn%3Dtrue

| archive-date = 12 June 2014

}} and Weather Atlas{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/germany/hamburg-climate|title=Hamburg, Germany - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|publisher=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=2 July 2019}}

View climate chart 1986-2016 or 1960-1990

}}

{{Weather box

|width = auto

|location = Freiburg 1991–2020, sunshine 1991-2020, extremes 1949–present

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|Jan record high C= 20.8

|Feb record high C= 21.9

|Mar record high C= 25.7

|Apr record high C= 30.0

|May record high C= 33.7

|Jun record high C= 36.5

|Jul record high C= 38.3

|Aug record high C= 40.2

|Sep record high C= 33.9

|Oct record high C= 30.8

|Nov record high C= 24.2

|Dec record high C= 21.7

|year record high C= 40.2

|Jan high C = 7.5

|Feb high C = 10.1

|Mar high C = 13.0

|Apr high C = 19.2

|May high C = 21.9

|Jun high C = 25.4

|Jul high C = 28.5

|Aug high C = 29.0

|Sep high C = 23.2

|Oct high C = 18.0

|Nov high C = 11.3

|Dec high C = 9.1

|year high C = 17.5

|Jan mean C = 3.5

|Feb mean C = 5.1

|Mar mean C = 7.2

|Apr mean C = 11.3

|May mean C = 15.4

|Jun mean C = 19.0

|Jul mean C = 21.6

|Aug mean C = 21.4

|Sep mean C = 17.2

|Oct mean C = 12.5

|Nov mean C = 7.7

|Dec mean C = 6.8

|year mean C = 12.4

|Jan low C = 1.5

|Feb low C = 2.0

|Mar low C = 4.2

|Apr low C = 7.6

|May low C = 11.2

|Jun low C = 15.5

|Jul low C = 17.3

|Aug low C = 17.8

|Sep low C = 12.5

|Oct low C = 10.0

|Nov low C = 4.7

|Dec low C = 1.8

|year low C = 7.6

|Jan record low C= −16.7

|Feb record low C= −14

|Mar record low C= −5.7

|Apr record low C= 0.1

|May record low C= 2.4

|Jun record low C= 6.9

|Jul record low C= 8.8

|Aug record low C= 7.2

|Sep record low C= 4.7

|Oct record low C= −1.8

|Nov record low C= −6.1

|Dec record low C= −15.5

|year record low C= −16.7

|Jan precipitation mm = 54.5

|Feb precipitation mm = 42.9

|Mar precipitation mm = 36.7

|Apr precipitation mm = 26.6

|May precipitation mm = 96.2

|Jun precipitation mm = 53.0

|Jul precipitation mm = 24.8

|Aug precipitation mm = 33.4

|Sep precipitation mm = 45.4

|Oct precipitation mm = 49.0

|Nov precipitation mm = 66.2

|Dec precipitation mm = 65.9

|precipitation colour = green

|year precipitation mm = 582.5

|Jan snow inch = 0.4

|Feb snow inch = 0.2

|Mar snow inch = 0.0

|Apr snow inch = 0.0

|May snow inch = 0.0

|Jun snow inch = 0.0

|Jul snow inch = 0.0

|Aug snow inch = 0.0

|Sep snow inch = 0.0

|Oct snow inch = 0.0

|Nov snow inch = 0.1

|Dec snow inch = 0.3

|year snow inch = 0.5

|unit rain days = 0.1 mm

|Jan rain days = 19.7

|Feb rain days = 11.9

|Mar rain days = 11.4

|Apr rain days = 9.6

|May rain days = 11.0

|Jun rain days = 9.4

|Jul rain days = 6.6

|Aug rain days = 8.5

|Sep rain days = 9.6

|Oct rain days = 9.8

|Nov rain days = 13.9

|Dec rain days = 13.5

|year rain days = 126,9

|Jan sun = 62

|Feb sun = 115

|Mar sun = 161

|Apr sun = 207

|May sun = 239

|Jun sun = 265

|Jul sun = 300

|Aug sun = 261

|Sep sun = 214

|Oct sun = 123

|Nov sun = 80

|Dec sun = 71

|year sun =

| Jand sun = 1.7

| Febd sun = 3.4

| Mard sun = 4.9

| Aprd sun = 6.2

| Mayd sun = 6.6

| Jund sun = 8.2

| Juld sun = 10.1

| Augd sun = 9.0

| Sepd sun = 7.1

| Octd sun = 4.2

| Novd sun = 2.1

| Decd sun = 2.4

| yeard sun = 5.7

| Jan uv = 1

| Feb uv = 2

| Mar uv = 3

| Apr uv = 5

| May uv = 6

| Jun uv = 8

| Jul uv = 8

| Aug uv = 7

| Sep uv = 6

| Oct uv = 5

| Nov uv = 3

| Dec uv = 1

| year uv = 5

|source = Weatheronline.de,{{cite web |url=http://www.weatheronline.de/weather/maps/city?LANG=de&WMO=10803&PAG=0&CONT=dldl&UP=0&R=160&LEVEL=162®ION=0001&LAND=DL&MOD=tab&ART=TMX&NOREGION=0 |title=Freiburg/Breisgau historic weather averages |access-date= 22 June 2014 |publisher=weatheronline.de |language=de}} Meteociel.fr,{{cite web |url=http://www.meteociel.fr/climatologie/villes.php?code=10803 |title=Freiburg/Breisgau historic extremes |access-date= 6 November 2015 |publisher=Meteociel.fr |language=fr}} weather-atlas,{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/germany/freiburg-climate |title=Freiburg/Breisgau uv index |access-date= 18 January 2020 |publisher=weather-atlas |language=en}} and wetterdienst {{cite web |title=Freiburg/Breisgau sunshine hours |publisher=wetterdienst.de |language=de |url=https://www.wetterdienst.de/Deutschlandwetter/Freiburg_im_Breisgau/Klima/}}

}}

{{Weather box

|width=auto

|location=Munich (Dreimühlenviertel), elevation: 515 m and 535 m, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1954–present{{efn|Two meteorological stations are responsible for the climatological data so that they are interpolated.[ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_germany/climate/annual/kl/historical/jahreswerte_KL_03379_19550101_20171231_hist.zip Stationsgeschichte der Messgeräte]{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, DWD. Retrieved 12 February 2019.}}

|metric first=yes

|single line=yes

|collapsed = Yes

|Jan record high C=18.9

|Feb record high C=21.4

|Mar record high C=24.0

|Apr record high C=32.2

|May record high C=31.8

|Jun record high C=35.2

|Jul record high C=37.5

|Aug record high C=37.0

|Sep record high C=31.8

|Oct record high C=28.2

|Nov record high C=24.2

|Dec record high C=21.7

|Jan high C=3.5

|Feb high C=5.0

|Mar high C=9.5

|Apr high C=14.2

|May high C=19.1

|Jun high C=21.9

|Jul high C=24.4

|Aug high C=23.9

|Sep high C=19.4

|Oct high C=14.3

|Nov high C=7.7

|Dec high C=4.2

|year high C=13.9

|Jan mean C=0.3

|Feb mean C=1.4

|Mar mean C=5.3

|Apr mean C=9.4

|May mean C=14.3

|Jun mean C=17.2

|Jul mean C=19.4

|Aug mean C=18.9

|Sep mean C=14.7

|Oct mean C=10.1

|Nov mean C=4.4

|Dec mean C=1.3

|year mean C=9.7

|Jan low C=-2.5

|Feb low C=-1.9

|Mar low C=1.6

|Apr low C=4.9

|May low C=9.4

|Jun low C=12.5

|Jul low C=14.5

|Aug low C=14.2

|Sep low C=10.5

|Oct low C=6.6

|Nov low C=1.7

|Dec low C=-1.2

|year low C=5.9

|Jan record low C=-22.2

|Feb record low C=-25.4

|Mar record low C=-16.0

|Apr record low C=-6.0

|May record low C=-2.3

|Jun record low C=1.0

|Jul record low C=6.5

|Aug record low C=4.8

|Sep record low C=0.6

|Oct record low C=-4.5

|Nov record low C=-11.0

|Dec record low C=-20.7

|precipitation colour=green

|Jan precipitation mm=48

|Feb precipitation mm=46

|Mar precipitation mm=65

|Apr precipitation mm=65

|May precipitation mm=101

|Jun precipitation mm=118

|Jul precipitation mm=122

|Aug precipitation mm=115

|Sep precipitation mm=75

|Oct precipitation mm=65

|Nov precipitation mm=61

|Dec precipitation mm=65

|year precipitation mm=944

|Jan sun=79

|Feb sun=96

|Mar sun=133

|Apr sun=170

|May sun=209

|Jun sun=210

|Jul sun=238

|Aug sun=220

|Sep sun=163

|Oct sun=125

|Nov sun=75

|Dec sun=59

|source 1=DWD{{cite web |url=http://www.dwd.de/DE/klimaumwelt/cdc/cdc_node.html;jsessionid=AB2FD90DB16A31B55E20AD406ED1D066.live21063 |title=CDC (Climate Data Center) |publisher=DWD |access-date=2 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114025310/http://www.dwd.de/DE/klimaumwelt/cdc/cdc_node.html;jsessionid=AB2FD90DB16A31B55E20AD406ED1D066.live21063 |archive-date=14 January 2017 |url-status=live}}

|source 2=SKlima.de{{cite web |url=http://sklima.de/datenbank_auswertung.php?tab=2 |title=Monatsauswertung |website=sklima.de |publisher=SKlima |language=de |access-date=2 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607181253/http://sklima.de/datenbank_auswertung.php?tab=2 |archive-date=7 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}

|date=May 2016

}}

{{Weather box

| location = Cologne/Bonn Airport 1991–2020, extremes 1957–present

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|collapsed = Yes

|width = auto

|Jan record high C = 16.2

|Feb record high C = 21.0

|Mar record high C = 25.3

|Apr record high C = 30.8

|May record high C = 34.4

|Jun record high C = 36.8

|Jul record high C = 40.3

|Aug record high C = 38.8

|Sep record high C = 33.1

|Oct record high C = 27.6

|Nov record high C = 20.2

|Dec record high C = 16.7

|year record high C =

| Jan avg record high C = 13.1

| Feb avg record high C = 14.5

| Mar avg record high C = 19.7

| Apr avg record high C = 24.7

| May avg record high C = 28.2

| Jun avg record high C = 31.7

| Jul avg record high C = 33.2

| Aug avg record high C = 32.7

| Sep avg record high C = 27.4

| Oct avg record high C = 22.3

| Nov avg record high C = 16.8

| Dec avg record high C = 13.2

| year avg record high C = 35.4

|Jan high C = 5.9

|Feb high C = 7.2

|Mar high C = 11.4

|Apr high C = 16.1

|May high C = 19.7

|Jun high C = 22.7

|Jul high C = 24.9

|Aug high C = 24.5

|Sep high C = 20.4

|Oct high C = 15.2

|Nov high C = 9.8

|Dec high C = 6.5

|year high C =

|Jan mean C = 3.0

|Feb mean C = 3.6

|Mar mean C = 6.7

|Apr mean C = 10.4

|May mean C = 14.1

|Jun mean C = 17.1

|Jul mean C = 19.0

|Aug mean C = 18.5

|Sep mean C = 14.8

|Oct mean C = 10.8

|Nov mean C = 6.7

|Dec mean C = 3.8

|year mean C =

|Jan low C = 0.0

|Feb low C = 0.1

|Mar low C = 2.0

|Apr low C = 4.5

|May low C = 8.1

|Jun low C = 11.2

|Jul low C = 13.3

|Aug low C = 12.8

|Sep low C = 9.7

|Oct low C = 6.8

|Nov low C = 3.5

|Dec low C = 1.0

|year low C =

|Jan avg record low C= -9.1

|Feb avg record low C= -8.0

|Mar avg record low C= -5.3

|Apr avg record low C= -3.1

|May avg record low C= 0.9

|Jun avg record low C= 5.2

|Jul avg record low C= 7.7

|Aug avg record low C= 6.9

|Sep avg record low C= 3.7

|Oct avg record low C= -0.8

|Nov avg record low C= -3.8

|Dec avg record low C= -7.1

|year avg record low C= -11.8

|Jan record low C = -23.4

|Feb record low C = -19.2

|Mar record low C = -13.4

|Apr record low C = -8.8

|May record low C = -2.9

|Jun record low C = -0.5

|Jul record low C = 2.9

|Aug record low C = 1.9

|Sep record low C = -1.3

|Oct record low C = -6.0

|Nov record low C = -10.4

|Dec record low C = -18.0

|year record low C =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 61.7

|Feb precipitation mm = 53.8

|Mar precipitation mm = 55.0

|Apr precipitation mm = 48.2

|May precipitation mm = 62.1

|Jun precipitation mm = 86.3

|Jul precipitation mm = 87.4

|Aug precipitation mm = 83.3

|Sep precipitation mm = 66.9

|Oct precipitation mm = 64.7

|Nov precipitation mm = 63.5

|Dec precipitation mm = 69.2

|year precipitation mm =

|Jan sun = 54.3

|Feb sun = 78.8

|Mar sun = 124.8

|Apr sun = 172.6

|May sun = 198.7

|Jun sun = 201.3

|Jul sun = 207.2

|Aug sun = 196.5

|Sep sun = 149.4

|Oct sun = 104.5

|Nov sun = 58.9

|Dec sun = 45.2

|year sun =

|source 1 = Data derived from Deutscher Wetterdienst{{Cite web|url=https://www.dwd.de/DE/klimaumwelt/cdc/cdc_node.html|title=Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - CDC (Climate Data Center)|website=www.dwd.de}}

|date=20 January 2021

}}

{{Weather box

|location = Frankfurt Airport 1981–2010, extremes 1949–present (sunshine duration and precipitation rounded)

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|collapsed = Yes

|width = auto

|Jan record high C = 15.9

|Feb record high C = 19.1

|Mar record high C = 24.7

|Apr record high C = 30.3

|May record high C = 33.2

|Jun record high C = 39.3

|Jul record high C = 40.2

|Aug record high C = 38.7

|Sep record high C = 32.8

|Oct record high C = 28.0

|Nov record high C = 19.1

|Dec record high C = 16.3

|year record high C =

|Jan high C = 4.2

|Feb high C = 5.9

|Mar high C = 10.7

|Apr high C = 15.4

|May high C = 20.0

|Jun high C = 23.1

|Jul high C = 25.5

|Aug high C = 25.1

|Sep high C = 20.3

|Oct high C = 14.6

|Nov high C = 8.4

|Dec high C = 4.9

|year high C = 14.8

|Jan mean C = 1.6

|Feb mean C = 2.4

|Mar mean C = 6.4

|Apr mean C = 10.3

|May mean C = 14.7

|Jun mean C = 17.8

|Jul mean C = 20.0

|Aug mean C = 19.5

|Sep mean C = 15.2

|Oct mean C = 10.4

|Nov mean C = 5.6

|Dec mean C = 2.5

|year mean C = 10.6

|Jan low C = -1.1

|Feb low C = -1.1

|Mar low C = 2.1

|Apr low C = 4.9

|May low C = 9.1

|Jun low C = 12.3

|Jul low C = 14.4

|Aug low C = 14.0

|Sep low C = 10.5

|Oct low C = 6.6

|Nov low C = 2.8

|Dec low C = -0.1

|year low C = 6.2

|Jan record low C = -21.6

|Feb record low C = -19.6

|Mar record low C = -13.0

|Apr record low C = -7.1

|May record low C = -2.8

|Jun record low C = 0.1

|Jul record low C = 2.8

|Aug record low C = 2.5

|Sep record low C = -0.3

|Oct record low C = -6.3

|Nov record low C = -11.5

|Dec record low C = -17.0

|year record low C =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 45

|Feb precipitation mm = 41

|Mar precipitation mm = 48

|Apr precipitation mm = 42

|May precipitation mm = 63

|Jun precipitation mm = 58

|Jul precipitation mm = 65

|Aug precipitation mm = 57

|Sep precipitation mm = 53

|Oct precipitation mm = 55

|Nov precipitation mm = 49

|Dec precipitation mm = 54

|year precipitation mm = 629

|Jan rain days = 16

|Feb rain days = 13

|Mar rain days = 14

|Apr rain days = 14

|May rain days = 15

|Jun rain days = 15

|Jul rain days = 14

|Aug rain days = 14

|Sep rain days = 12

|Oct rain days = 12

|Nov rain days = 14

|Dec rain days = 16

|Jan sun = 50

|Feb sun = 80

|Mar sun = 121

|Apr sun = 178

|May sun = 211

|Jun sun = 219

|Jul sun = 233

|Aug sun = 219

|Sep sun = 156

|Oct sun = 103

|Nov sun = 51

|Dec sun = 41

|year sun = 1662

|Jan percentsun = 18

|Feb percentsun = 29

|Mar percentsun = 33

|Apr percentsun = 42

|May percentsun = 45

|Jun percentsun = 46

|Jul percentsun = 47

|Aug percentsun = 51

|Sep percentsun = 40

|Oct percentsun = 30

|Nov percentsun = 19

|Dec percentsun = 16

|source 1 = DWD{{cite web|url=https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/vielj_mittelwerte.html?nn=540998&lsbId=343278 |title=Vieljährige Mittelwerte |trans-title= |website=Deutscher Wetterdienst |language=de |access-date=18 January 2021}}

|source 2 = Weather Atlas (sunshine data){{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/germany/frankfurt-climate |title=Frankfurt, Germany – Climate data |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=15 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415202640/http://www.weather-atlas.com/en/germany/frankfurt-climate |archive-date=15 April 2017 |url-status=live}}

}}

File:Hintersee.jpg scenery in Bavaria]]

Germany covers a total of {{Convert|357,600|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, of which {{Convert|5,157|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} is irrigated land and {{Convert|8,350|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} is covered by water, the largest lakes being Lake Constance (total area of {{Convert|536|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, with 62% of the shore being German; international borders are not defined on the lake itself), Müritz ({{Convert|117|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}) and Chiemsee ({{Convert|80|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|disp=or}}). The majority of Germany is covered by either arable land (33.95%); permanent crops cover 0.57% of the land.

Germany has a total of {{Convert|2,389|km|mi|abbr=on}} of coastline and borders totaling {{Convert|3,714|km|mi|abbr=on}} (clockwise from north: Denmark {{Convert|140|km|mi|abbr=on}}, Poland {{Convert|467|km|mi|abbr=on}}, Czech Republic {{Convert|704|km|mi|abbr=on}},{{cite web | url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/germany/ | title = CIA – The World Factbook – Germany | work = The World Factbook | publisher = Central Intelligence Agency | date = April 26, 2015 | access-date = 2015-04-26 }} Austria {{Convert|801|km|mi|abbr=on}}, Switzerland {{Convert|348|km|mi|abbr=on}}, France {{Convert|418|km|mi|abbr=on}}, Luxembourg {{Convert|128|km|mi|abbr=on}}, Belgium {{Convert|133|km|mi|abbr=on}}, Netherlands {{Convert|575|km|mi|abbr=on}}). The German-Austrian border crosses itself near Jungholz. The border with Belgium includes five German exclaves due to the Vennbahn railway line. The border with Switzerland includes the German exclave village of Büsingen am Hochrhein which is separated from the rest of Germany by a strip of Swiss territory 680 metres wide at its narrowest point.

File:Germanymap2.png

{{Main list|List of rivers of Germany}}

The main rivers in Germany are:

• The Rhine (Rhein in German) with a German section extending {{Convert|865|km|mi|abbr=on}} (main tributaries including the Neckar, the Main and the Moselle (Mosel));
• The Elbe with a German section of {{Convert|727|km|mi|abbr=on}} (also drains into the North Sea); and
• The Danube (Donau) with a German length of {{Convert|687|km|mi|abbr=on}}.

Further important rivers include the Saale and the Main in central Germany, the Neckar in the southwest, the Weser in the North and the Oder at the eastern border.

File:Schauhöhlen in Deutschland.png

Throughout the Karst rocks many caves were formed especially in the valley of the Hönne. The biggest culture cave of Europe is located in Balve.

A recent global remote sensing analysis suggested that there were 2,783 km² of tidal flats in Germany, making it the 11th ranked country in terms of how much tidal flat occurs there.{{cite journal |last1=Murray |first1=N.J. |last2=Phinn |first2=S.R. |last3=DeWitt |first3=M. |last4=Ferrari |first4=R. |last5=Johnston |first5=R. |last6=Lyons |first6=M.B. |last7=Clinton |first7=N. |last8=Thau |first8=D. |last9=Fuller |first9=R.A. |title=The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats |journal=Nature |date=2019 |volume=565 |issue=7738 |pages=222–225 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8 |pmid=30568300 |s2cid=56481043 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0805-8|url-access=subscription }}

• Iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, petroleum, natural gas, salt, nickel, and water.

{{Further|Air pollution in Germany|Climate change in Germany}}

{{multiple image

| align = right

| width2 = 200

| image2 = Aquila chrysaetos Flickr.jpg

| caption2 = The golden eagle is a protected bird of prey.

| alt2 = Golden eagle

| width1 = 178

| image1 = HeideblueteTiefental.JPG

| caption1 = The Lüneburg Heath Nature Reserve in Lower Saxony

| alt1 = Lüneburg Heath

}}

;Current issues

• Emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries contribute to air pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulphur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests in Germany; pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany; hazardous waste disposal; government (under Chancellor Schröder, SPD) announced intent to end the use of nuclear power for producing electricity; government working to meet EU commitment to identify nature preservation areas in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, and Habitat directive. Germany's last glacier is disappearing.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

;International agreements

• Party to treaties related to: air pollution, nitrogen oxides, persistent organic air pollutants, sulphur 85, sulphur 94, volatile organic compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, biodiversity, climate change, climate change-Kyoto Protocol, desertification, endangered species, environmental modification, hazardous wastes, law of the sea, marine dumping, nuclear test ban, ozone layer protection, ship pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, wetlands, whaling
• Signed, but not ratified: none

;Natural hazards

• Flooding through rivers after heavy rainfall, such as during the 2002 European floods, or storm surge, such as the North Sea flood of 1962 and the historic floods of 1362 and 1634 that changed the coastline of what is now the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein.

{{multiple image

| align = right

| width2 = 180

| image8 = Seehunde auf Duene.jpg

| caption2 = Seals in Schleswig-Holstein

| alt2 = Alpine terrain

| width1 = 199

| image1 = Cervus elaphus 11.jpg

| caption1 = Deer are widespread

| alt1 = Red deer

}}

Phytogeographically, Germany is shared between the Atlantic European and Central European provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal kingdom. The territory of Germany can be subdivided into two ecoregions: European-Mediterranean montane mixed forests and Northeast-Atlantic shelf marine.[http://www.panda.org/about_our_earth/ecoregions/ecoregion_list/ List of Ecoregions: Terrestrial Ecoregions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413043055/http://www.panda.org/about_our_earth/ecoregions/ecoregion_list/ |date=2009-04-13 }} WWF. Retrieved 21 November 2000. The majority of Germany is covered by either arable land (33%) or forestry and woodland (31%). Only 15% is covered by permanent pastures.

The plants and animals of Germany are those generally common to central Europe. Beeches, oaks, and other deciduous trees constitute one-third of the forests; conifers are increasing as a result of reforestation. Spruce and fir trees predominate in the upper mountains, while pine and larch are found in sandy soil. There are many species of ferns, flowers, fungi, and mosses. Fish abound in the rivers and the North Sea. Wild animals include deer, wild boar, mouflon, fox, badger, hare, Eurasian lynx, and small numbers of beaver. Extinct/endangered animals include gray wolf, brown bear, and European bison. Various migratory birds cross Germany in the spring and autumn.

The national parks in Germany include the Wadden Sea National Parks, the Jasmund National Park, the Vorpommern Lagoon Area National Park, the Müritz National Park, the Lower Oder Valley National Park, the Harz National Park, the Saxon Switzerland National Park and the Bavarian Forest National Park.

Germany is known for its many zoological gardens, wildlife parks, aquaria, and bird parks.[http://www.eupedia.com/europe/zoological_gardens_europe.shtml List of famous Zoological gardens in European countries] www.eupedia.com. Retrieved 17 October 2008. More than 400 registered zoos and animal parks operate in Germany, which is believed to be the largest number in any single country of the world.[https://web.archive.org/web/20031007010357/http://www.americanzoos.info/Zoofacts.html Some interesting zoo facts] www.americanzoos.info/. Retrieved 17 October 2008. Berlin Zoo is the oldest zoo in Germany and presents the most comprehensive collection of species in the world.{{in lang|de}}[http://www.zoo-berlin.de/en/understand/zahlen-fakten.html Tierstatistik 2008], Zoo Berlin. Retrieved 19 November 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609204353/http://www.zoo-berlin.de/en/understand/zahlen-fakten.html |date=June 9, 2010 }}

In the warm regions of the south, subtropical plants and trees like the cactus and palm trees have been planted and multiplied naturally later, while typical middle European trees do also occur. This is only the case though in the Main, Rhine and Neckar valleys and the Lake Constance. In German, people refer to them as German Tuscany or German Riviera.

File:Population density of Germany 2019.svg

{{Main|Demographics of Germany}}

With an estimated 83.2 million inhabitants in December 2020, Germany is the most populous country in the European Union and ranks as the 19th largest country in the world in terms of population. Its population density stands at {{Convert|233|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.

The United Nations Population Fund lists Germany as host to the second-highest number of international migrants worldwide,{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/undesa_pd_2020_ims_stock_by_sex_and_destination.xlsx |title=International Migrant Stock 2020 |publisher =UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs |access-date=15 July 2021}} around 23% of Germany's population do not hold a German passport or are direct descendants of immigrants. The number of third and subsequent generations of immigrants are not statistically recorded.

Germany comprises sixteen states that are collectively referred to as Länder.The individual denomination is either Land [state], Freistaat [free state] or Freie (und) Hansestadt [free (and) Hanseatic city].
{{cite web |url= http://www.bundesrat.de/nn_11006/EN/organisation-en/laender-en/laender-en-node.html?__nnn=true|title= The Federal States|publisher=Bundesrat of Germany|work = www.bundesrat.de|access-date=17 July 2011}}
{{cite web|url = http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/Infoservice/Terminologie/Bundeslaender/Uebersicht_node.html|title = Amtliche Bezeichnung der Bundesländer|work = www.auswaertiges-amt.de|publisher = Federal Foreign Office|language = de|trans-title=Official denomination of federated states|format = PDF; download file „Englisch“|access-date = 22 October 2011}}

Each state has its own state constitution{{cite web|url=http://www.landtag.nrw.de/portal/WWW/GB_I/I.7/Europa/Wissenswertes/English_information/North_Rhine_Westphalia_Constitution_revised.jsp |title=Example for state constitution: "Constitution of the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia" |publisher=Landtag (state assembly) of North Rhine-Westphalia |access-date=17 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117011619/http://www.landtag.nrw.de/portal/WWW/GB_I/I.7/Europa/Wissenswertes/English_information/North_Rhine_Westphalia_Constitution_revised.jsp |archive-date=17 January 2013 }} and is largely autonomous in regard to its internal organisation. Due to differences in size and population the subdivision of these states varies, especially between city states (Stadtstaaten) and states with larger territories (Flächenländer). For regional administrative purposes five states, namely Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse, North Rhine-Westphalia and Saxony, consist of a total of 22 Government Districts (Regierungsbezirke). As of July 2021 Germany is divided into 400 districts (Kreise) on municipal level, these consist of 294 rural districts and 106 urban districts.{{cite web |url=https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/europawahlen/2019/kreise.html |title=Kreise und kreisfreie Städte zur Europawahl 2019 |date=May 2019 |publisher=Federal Returning Officer Deutschland |language=de |access-date=15 July 2021}}{{cite web |url=https://www.eisenach.de/rathaus/fusion-der-stadt-eisenach |title=Fusion der Stadt Eisenach mit dem Wartburgkreis 01.07.2021 |date=1 July 2021 |publisher=City Eisenach |language=de |access-date=15 July 2021}}

{{German Federal States|options=float:left; font-size:90%; border:3px; max-width:480px; width:50%;}}

|}

{{Main|List of cities in Germany|List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants|Metropolitan regions in Germany}}

Germany has a number of large cities; the most populous are: Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, and Stuttgart. The largest conurbation is the Rhine-Ruhr region (12 million), including Düsseldorf (the capital of North Rhine-Westphalia), Cologne, Essen, Dortmund, Duisburg, and Bochum.

File:Wattenmeer-Nordfriesland.jpg|Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park

File:Bremm und Calmont 0016.jpg|View over the Moselle and past the village of Dorf Bremm to the Calmont in the Eifel

Lilienstein Saxon Switzerland.jpg|Lilienstein at Saxon Switzerland

File:Die Alpen, gesehen vom Lusen.JPG|View from Mount Lusen in the Bavarian Forest over the Alpine Foreland

File:Putgarten, Kap Arkona (2011-05-21) 3.JPG|Cape Arkona on the island of Rügen

File:Rhein stromabwärts bei Erbach im Rheingau mit Insel Mariannenau Hessen Landesgrenze Rheinland-Pfalz links - Foto Wolfgang Pehlemann Wiesbaden Photo IMG 0274.jpg|Rhine at Eltville and Bingen

File:Zollernalb MichaD.jpg|Swabian Jura

File:Pano oberwiesenthal.jpg|View from the Fichtelberg mountain in the Ore Mountains

File:Blick vom Hohfelsen.jpg|Black Forest near Seebach

File:Blick vom Kehlsteinhaus MQ.jpg|View of the Berchtesgaden Alps

{{Portal|Germany|European Union}}

• Forest in Germany
• History
• Culture
• Natural regions of Germany
• Saxony
• Schleswig-Holstein
• Prealps / Hügelland / Mittelgebirge
• Natural Reserves
• Biosphere Reserves
• List of national parks of Germany
• List of nature parks in Germany

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120613055542/http://www.bkg.bund.de/goto/deutschland/ Kostenlose Deutschland-Karten]
• Geoberg.de: [http://www.geoberg.de/fotoarchiv/ Geologie Deutschlands] – Fotografien geologischer Objekte aus Deutschland
• [http://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/Mineralienportrait/Silber/Harz mineralienatlas.de: Reiches Erz aus dem Harz]
• [http://www.deutscher-klimaatlas.de/ Deutscher Klimaatlas]
• [http://mytravelphoto.org/europe/262-germany.html Geography of Germany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317075404/http://mytravelphoto.org/europe/262-germany.html |date=2018-03-17 }} – Encyclopedia of World Geography

{{Germany topics}}

{{Geography of Europe}}

{{Europe topic|Climate of}}

{{Danube}}