George Eastham#Newcastle United
{{Short description|English footballer (1936–2024)}}
{{For|George Eastham Jr.'s father|George Eastham Sr.}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = George Eastham
OBE
| image = George Eastham1.jpg
| caption = Eastham with Hellenic in 1973
| full_name = George Edward Eastham
| birth_date = {{birth date|1936|9|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = Blackpool, Lancashire, England
| death_date = {{death date and age|2024|12|20|1936|9|23|df=y}}
| death_place =
| position = Midfielder, inside forward
| years1 = 1953–1956
| clubs1 = Ards
| caps1 = 51
| goals1 = 13
| years2 = 1956–1960
| clubs2 = Newcastle United
| caps2 = 124
| goals2 = 29
| years3 = 1960–1966
| clubs3 = Arsenal
| caps3 = 207
| goals3 = 41
| years4 = 1966–1973
| clubs4 = Stoke City
| caps4 = 194
| goals4 = 4
| years5 = 1967
| clubs5 = → Cleveland Stokers (loan)
| caps5 = 11
| goals5 = 1
| years6 = 1970
| clubs6 = → Cape Town City (loan)
| caps6 = 17
| goals6 = 1
| years7 = 1971
| clubs7 = → Hellenic (loan)
| caps7 = 26
| goals7 = 2
| years8 = 1972
| clubs8 = → Hellenic (loan)
| caps8 =
| goals8 =
| years9 = 1975
| clubs9 = East London United
| caps9 =
| goals9 =
| totalcaps = 536
| totalgoals = 75
| nationalyears1 = 1959–1960
| nationalteam1 = England U23
| nationalcaps1 = 6
| nationalgoals1 = 3
| nationalyears2 = 1963–1966
| nationalteam2 = England
| nationalcaps2 = 19
| nationalgoals2 = 2
| manageryears1 = 1977–1978
| managerclubs1 = Stoke City
| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Sport|Men's football}}
{{Medal|Country|{{fb|ENG}}}}
{{Medal|Comp|FIFA World Cup}}
{{Medal|W|1966 England|}}
}}
File:Newcastle United F.C. 1960.jpg in 1960 with this players – from the left, standing: James "Jimmy" Scoular, Richard Matthewson "Dick" Keith, Bryan Harvey (goalkeeper), Bob Stokoe, Alf McMichael and George Eastham; seated: "Terry" W. L. Marshall, Ivor J. Allchurch, Leonard Roy "Len" White, John McGuigan and Liam Tuohy.]]
George Edward Eastham, OBE (23 September 1936 – 20 December 2024) was an English footballer who played as a midfielder or inside forward for Newcastle United, Arsenal and Stoke City, as well as being a member of England's 1966 World Cup-winning squad. He is also notable for his involvement in a 1963 court case which proved a landmark in improving players' freedom to move between clubs.{{cite book|last=Matthews|first=Tony|title=The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City|year=1994|publisher=Lion Press|isbn=0-9524151-0-0}}
Eastham began his career with Northern Irish side Ards before moving back to England to play for Newcastle United in 1956. He became an inside forward for them but then demanded a move away which Newcastle rejected. Eastham went to court and won his case before moving to Arsenal. Eastham spent six seasons at Highbury, making 223 appearances scoring 41 goals before joining Stoke City in 1966. His experience helped Stoke enjoy a successful spell in the early 1970s and Eastham scored the winning goal in the 1972 League Cup Final.
Eastham also spent time coaching in South Africa, playing for Hellenic before returning to Stoke to become assistant manager to Tony Waddington. When Waddington resigned in March 1977 Eastham was appointed manager but was unable to prevent Stoke being relegated in 1976–77. After failing to mount a promotion challenge the following season Eastham was sacked in January 1978. He then returned to coach in South Africa.
Playing career
=Newcastle United=
Eastham was part of a footballing family – his father, George Eastham Sr., was an England international who played for Bolton Wanderers and Blackpool, while his uncle Harry Eastham played for Liverpool and Accrington Stanley. In his youth he was a useful cricketer, playing in the same Blackpool CC team as his future fellow international, Jimmy Armfield.{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackpoolcricket.co.uk/club-history|title=Club History|website=Blackpool Cricket Club}}
Eastham junior first played for Northern Irish club Ards, where his father was player-manager, and the two played together on the pitch. A skilful midfielder/inside forward, he was signed by Newcastle United in 1956, and made his debut against Luton Town on 6 October 1956, in a match which finished 2–2. He spent four seasons with the Magpies and during his time there he won caps for the Football League and the England U23 side. He played 125 games for Newcastle, scoring 34 goals, their best finish during this time being eighth in 1959–60.
However, during his time at Newcastle United Eastham fell out with the club, with Eastham disputing whether the house the club had supplied him was habitable, the unsatisfactory secondary job that the club had arranged (as maximum wage rules at the time forbade clubs from paying the market rate) and their attempts to stop him playing for the England U23 team.{{cite book |author=Spurling, Jon |title=Rebels for the Cause: The Alternative History of Arsenal Football Club | publisher=Mainstream | year=2004 |isbn=978-1-84018-900-1 |page=83}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/eng-u23-intres-det.html|title=England - U-23 International Results - Details|website=RSSSF|access-date=25 January 2018}} With his contract due to expire soon, in 1959, Eastham refused to sign a new one and requested a transfer. However, Newcastle refused to let Eastham go. At the time, clubs operated a system known as retain-and-transfer, which meant that teams could keep a player's registration (thus preventing them from moving) while refusing to pay them if they had requested a transfer.{{cite journal| author=McArdle, David| title=One Hundred Years of Servitude: Contractual Conflict in English Professional Football before Bosman| url=http://webjcli.ncl.ac.uk/2000/issue2/mcardle2.html#Heading8| journal=Current Legal Issues| year=2000| access-date=23 December 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301021524/http://webjcli.ncl.ac.uk/2000/issue2/mcardle2.html#Heading8| archive-date=1 March 2010| url-status=dead}} As Eastham later recounted:Quoted in {{cite book | author=Spurling | title=Rebels for the Cause | year=2004 | page=81 | publisher=Mainstream Publishing Company, Limited | isbn=1-84018-900-2 }}
{{cquote|Our contract could bind us to a club for life. Most people called it the "slavery contract". We had virtually no rights at all. It was often the case that the guy on the terrace not only earned more than us – though there's nothing wrong with that – he had more freedom of movement than us. People in business or teaching were able to hand in their notice and move on. We weren't. That was wrong.}}
Unable to leave, Eastham went on strike at the end of the 1959–60 season, moving south to work for an old family friend, Ernie Clay (who later became chairman of Fulham), selling cork in Guildford, Surrey, a venture which earned him more money than his Newcastle contract paid.{{cite web |title=Football's Retain and Transfer System Explained |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faqcoueAjb4 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/faqcoueAjb4 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|website=YouTube | date=21 May 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020}}{{cbignore}} Finally in October 1960 Newcastle relented and sold Eastham to Arsenal for £47,500. However, Eastham considered the point worth fighting for, and backed by the Professional Footballers' Association (who provided £15,000 to pay for Eastham's legal fees), he took the club to the High Court in 1963.{{cn|date=December 2024}}
In the case, Eastham v. Newcastle United
=Arsenal=
Eastham made his Arsenal debut against Bolton Wanderers on 10 December 1960, and scored twice as Arsenal won 5–1.{{cite book |last=Harris|first=Jeff|editor-last=Hogg|editor-first=Tony |title=Arsenal Who's Who |publisher=Independent UK Sports |year=1995 | isbn=1-899429-03-4 | pages=162–163 }} Later on that same season, he scored the equaliser against his former club Newcastle United at St James' Park, in a 3–3 draw, during which he was called "Judas" and pelted with apples.{{cite book | author=Spurling | title=Rebels for the Cause | year=2004 | page=85 | publisher=Mainstream Publishing Company, Limited | isbn=1-84018-900-2 }} Throughout his six seasons at Arsenal, he was a regular for the side; though not a prolific goalscorer, Eastham was one of the most talented players of what was an average Arsenal side at the time; under George Swindin and Billy Wright, Arsenal never finished higher than 7th during his time there.{{cn|date=December 2024}}
Eastham's time at Arsenal was often turbulent; as well as the court case against Newcastle United, he fell out with Arsenal after asking for a pay rise following the maximum wage's abolition in 1961 (but eventually Arsenal relented and met his demands),{{cite book | author=Spurling | title=Rebels for the Cause | year=2004 | page=86 | publisher=Mainstream Publishing Company, Limited | isbn=1-84018-900-2 }} and he asked for a transfer after being replaced by Joe Baker up front at the start of the 1962–63 season.{{cite book | author=Spurling | title=Rebels for the Cause | year=2004 | page=87 | publisher=Mainstream Publishing Company, Limited | isbn=1-84018-900-2 }} However, Billy Wright sought a compromise and eventually restored Eastham to the side, behind Baker; Eastham's form returned, he came off the transfer list and in both 1963–64 and 1964–65 he scored ten goals, the most per season during his Arsenal career, which included two in a 4–4 draw in a memorable North London derby match against Tottenham Hotspur at Highbury in October 1963.{{cn|date=December 2024}}
Eastham continued to be a regular and served as Arsenal captain between 1963 and 1966,{{cite web |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/george-eastham-1936-2024 |title=George Eastham 1936–2024 |date=21 Dec 2024 |website=Arsenal FC |access-date=21 Dec 2024}} but Arsenal's declining form – finishing 14th in 1965–66 — led to Wright's dismissal in the summer of 1966. By now Eastham was nearly 30, and the new Arsenal management sought to dismantle Wright's side in favour of younger players. He joined Stoke City in August 1966, having scored 41 goals in 223 matches for the Gunners.
=Stoke City=
File:Frank Lord & George Eastham1.jpg
Eastham was purchased by Stoke City manager, Tony Waddington, for a fee of £35,000, prior to the start of the 1966–67 season. Eastham spent the next eight seasons at Stoke City, during which the club maintained their status in the First Division. He played in a side which combined home grown talent – such as the likes of Denis Smith, Alan Bloor and Mike Pejic — alongside the experience of veterans like Eastham and Peter Dobing. Stoke won the League Cup in 1971–72, with Eastham scoring the winning goal in the final against Chelsea, which finished 2–1. At the age of 35 years 161 days, he became the oldest player to receive a winner's medal. He was also a beaten FA Cup semi-finalist in successive seasons (1970–71 and 1971–72) — both times in replays and both times by his former club Arsenal. Eastham also represented Stoke at European level, playing in the 1972–73 UEFA Cup; the first time the club had competed at European level in its history. In the first round, Stoke played Kaiserslautern of Germany but lost 5–3 on aggregate over two legs and were knocked out of the competition in the process.{{cite book |last=Matthews |first=Tony |title=A-Z of Stoke City |year=1997 |publisher=The Breedon Books Publishing Company Limited |isbn=1-85983-100-1 | pages =234|chapter=UEFA Cup }}
In February 1971, at the age of 34, Eastham took a break from playing to develop his coaching ability, with the view of going into management. He embarked on a trip to South Africa, playing on loan with Cape Town City before having a spell as player-manager of Hellenic, who had previously been managed by his father.{{Cite web |url=https://www.11v11.com/players/george-eastham-24817/ |title=EASTHAM George Richard |website=11v11.co.uk |access-date=28 December 2007}} Eastham returned to Stoke in October 1971, to continue his playing career.{{cite book |last=Matthews |first=Tony |title=A-Z of Stoke City | pages =78–79|chapter=Eastham, George Edward, OBE }}
Eastham made 194 league appearances for Stoke City in total, ten of them as a substitute, scoring four goals. Eastham retired from playing in 1974, having been appointed an OBE for services to football the previous year.{{cite web |url=https://news.sky.com/story/england-1966-world-cup-footballer-george-eastham-dies-13277575 |title=England 1966 World Cup footballer George Eastham dies |publisher=Sky News |date=21 December 2024 }}
International career
Eastham joined the England squad for the 1962 FIFA World Cup as an uncapped player, but did not play in the tournament; his England debut finally came on 8 May 1963, against Brazil. His final game for England came in a warmup game for the 1966 FIFA World Cup, against Denmark in Copenhagen on 3 July 1966, scoring in a 2–0 win. Eastham was also part of the squad for that tournament, but did not play a single minute of England's win in the tournament.
In the 1966 World Cup final only the 11 players on the pitch at the end of the 4–2 win over West Germany received medals. Following a Football Association led campaign to persuade FIFA to award medals to all the winners' squad members, Eastham was presented with his medal by Gordon Brown at a ceremony at 10 Downing Street on 10 June 2009.{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8093891.stm |title=World Cup 1966 winners honoured |publisher=BBC News |date=10 June 2009 }}
Managerial career
Eastham became Tony Waddington's assistant at Stoke, and succeeded Waddington as Stoke manager after the latter resigned in March 1977, becoming only the club's fourth manager since 1935. He took over a side depleted of their best players who had been sold off to pay for repair work at the Victoria Ground and in trouble, and their relegation from the First Division was confirmed while he was in charge, finishing 21st out of 22 in 1976–77 after a run of just one win in 13 games. Eastham lasted only ten months, leaving the club in January 1978, after failing to sustain a push for promotion from the Second Division.
Later life and death
After leaving the Stoke job, Eastham quit professional football completely and emigrated to South Africa in 1978. He set up his own sportswear business as well as being a football coach for local black children (being a noted opponent of apartheid). He was also chairman of the South African Arsenal Supporters' Club.
Eastham died on 20 December 2024, at the age of 88.{{cite web|url=https://www.stokecityfc.com/news/2024/december/20/george-eastham-obe-1936-2024/|title=George Eastham OBE (1936-2024)|publisher=Stoke City FC|accessdate=20 December 2024|date=20 December 2024}}{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/world-cup-winning-england-international-eastham-dies-aged-88-2024-12-21/ |title=World Cup-winning England international Eastham dies aged 88 |publisher=Reuters |date=21 December 2024 }}
Since his death, only three members of the 1966 World Cup Winning squad of England, Geoff Hurst, Terry Paine and Ian Callaghan, are still alive.{{cite web |title=And then there were three: The disappearing squad of '66 |url=https://gameofthepeople.com/2024/12/21/and-then-there-were-three-the-disappearing-squad-of-66/ |website=Game of the People |access-date=23 December 2024 |date=21 December 2024}}
Career statistics
=Club=
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition |
rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season !colspan="3"|League !colspan="2"|FA Cup !colspan="2"|League Cup !colspan="2"|Other{{ref label|Other|A |
---|
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan="5"|Newcastle United
|18||2||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||18||2
|-
|First Division
|29||3||2||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||31||5
|-
|First Division
|35||6||1||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||36||7
|-
|First Division
|42||18||2||2||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||44||20
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!124!!29!!5!!5!!colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||129!!34
|-
|rowspan="7"|Arsenal
|First Division
|19||5||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||20||5
|-
|First Division
|38||6||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||40||6
|-
|First Division
|33||4||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||36||4
|-
|First Division
|38||10||4||0||0||0||3{{efn|Appearances in Inter-Cities Fairs Cup}}||0||45||10
|-
|First Division
|42||10||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||44||10
|-
|First Division
|37||6||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||38||6
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!207!!41!!13!!0!!0!!0!!3!!0!!223!!41
|-
|rowspan="9"|Stoke City
|First Division
|41||1||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||43||1
|-
|First Division
|39||1||1||0||5||0||colspan="2"|—||45||1
|-
|First Division
|27||1||4||0||2||0||colspan="2"|—||33||1
|-
|First Division
|34||1||2||0||1||0||colspan="2"|—||37||1
|-
|First Division
|19||0||6||0||2||0||1{{efn|name=TC|Appearances in Texaco Cup}}||0||28||0
|-
|First Division
|14||0||8||0||8||1||1{{efn|name=TC}}||0||31||1
|-
|First Division
|18||0||1||0||0||0||0||0||19||0
|-
|First Division
|2||0||0||0||0||0||2{{efn|One appearance in Texaco Cup and one appearance in Watney Cup}}||0||4||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!194!!4!!23!!0!!19!!1!!4!!0!!240!!5
|-
|Cleveland Stokers (loan)
|1967{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasljerseys.com/Players/E/Eastham.George.htm|title=NASL Soccer North American Soccer League Players, Photos, and Statistics|website=www.nasljerseys.com|access-date=24 January 2018}}
|11||1||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||11||1
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!536!!75!!41!!5!!19!!1!!7!!0!!603!!81
|}
{{Notelist}}
=International=
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by national team and year{{NFT player|19789|name=Eastham, George}} | |||
National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
---|---|---|---|
rowspan="4"|England
|1963 | 5 | 0 | |
1964 | 7 | 1 | |
1965 | 4 | 0 | |
1966 | 2 | 1 | |
colspan="2"|Total | 18 | 2 |
Managerial statistics
class=wikitable style="text-align: center"
|+ Managerial record by team and tenure | ||||
rowspan=2|Team
!rowspan=2|From !rowspan=2|To !colspan=5|Record | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
{{abbr|P|Matches played}} | {{abbr|W|Matches won}} | {{abbr|D|Matches drawn}} | {{abbr|L|Matches lost}} | {{abbr|Win %|Win percentage}} |
align=left|Stoke City
|align=left|22 March 1977 |align=left|9 January 1978 {{WDL|37|9|12|16|decimals=1}} | ||||
colspan="3"|Total
{{WDLtot|37|9|12|16|decimals=1}} |
Honours
Ards FC
Stoke City
- Football League Cup: 1971–72{{Cite web|url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=2258|title=George Eastham {{!}} Football Stats {{!}} No Club {{!}} Age 81 {{!}} 1971–1972 {{!}} Soccer Base|website=www.soccerbase.com|access-date=24 January 2018}}
England
Individual
- United Soccer Association All-Star Team: 1967{{Cite web|url=http://homepages.sover.net/~spectrum/nasl/naslallstar.html|title=NASL All-Star Teams, all-time|website=homepages.sover.net|access-date=24 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413194036/http://homepages.sover.net/~spectrum/nasl/naslallstar.html|archive-date=13 April 2018|url-status=dead}}
- PFA Merit Award 1976{{cite web |url=http://www.givemefootball.com/pfa-awards/pfa-merit-award/pfa-merit-award-roll-of-honour |title=Archived copy |access-date=3 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327052646/http://www.givemefootball.com/pfa-awards/pfa-merit-award/pfa-merit-award-roll-of-honour |archive-date=27 March 2009}}
- Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE): 1973{{London Gazette |issue=45984 |date=22 May 1973 |page=6482 |supp=y}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- {{IMDb name| 6446913}}
{{Navboxes colour
| title = England squads
| bg = white
| fg = #0B0B3F
| bordercolor = #0B0B3F
| list1 =
{{England squad 1962 FIFA World Cup}}
{{England squad 1966 FIFA World Cup}}
}}
{{Stoke City F.C. managers}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eastham, George}}
Category:Footballers from Blackpool
Category:English men's footballers
Category:England men's international footballers
Category:England men's under-23 international footballers
Category:Men's association football midfielders
Category:Newcastle United F.C. players
Category:Stoke City F.C. players
Category:Cleveland Stokers players
Category:Cape Town City F.C. (1960) players
Category:Hellenic F.C. players
Category:English Football League players
Category:English Football League representative players
Category:1962 FIFA World Cup players
Category:1966 FIFA World Cup players
Category:FIFA World Cup–winning players
Category:English football managers
Category:Stoke City F.C. managers
Category:English Football League managers
Category:United Soccer Association players
Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Category:People educated at Arnold School
Category:English expatriate men's footballers
Category:Expatriate men's soccer players in South Africa
Category:English expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Category:Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Category:National Football League (South Africa) players