George Wolf

{{Short description|American politician, 7th Governor of Pennsylvania (1777–1840)}}

{{For|those of a similar name|George Woolf|George Wolfe (disambiguation){{!}}George Wolfe|George Wolff (disambiguation){{!}}George Wolff}}

{{Infobox officeholder

|name = George Wolf

|honorific-suffix =

|image = George Wolf.jpg

|caption = Portrait of Wolf now housed at the Library of Congress

|alt =

|order1 =

|office1 = 7th Governor of Pennsylvania

|term_start1 = December 15, 1829

|term_end1 = December 15, 1835

|lieutenant1 =

|predecessor1 = John Andrew Shulze

|successor1 = Joseph Ritner

|state2 = Pennsylvania

|district2 = 8th

|term_start2 = December 9, 1824

|term_end2 = 1829

|predecessor2 = Thomas J. Rogers,
Samuel D. Ingham

|successor2 = Peter Ihrie, Jr.,
Samuel A. Smith

|office3 = Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives

|term3 = 1814

|birth_date = {{Birth date|1777|8|12}}

|birth_place = Allen Township, Pennsylvania, U.S.

|death_date = {{Death date and age|1840|3|11|1777|8|12}}

|death_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.

|restingplace = Harrisburg Cemetery, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.

|restingplacecoordinates =

|spouse = Mary Erb (1798–1833; her death)

|birthname =

|party = Democratic

|signature = Signature of George Wolf (1777–1840).png

}}

George Wolf (August 12, 1777{{spaced ndash}}March 11, 1840) was the seventh governor of Pennsylvania from 1829 to 1835."[https://www.newspapers.com/image/325157119/?terms=%22David%20Rittenhouse%20Porter%22&match=1 The Governors of Pennsylvania]." Mount Union, Pennsylvania: The Mount Union Times, January 27, 1911, p. 1 (subscription required). On June 29, 1888, he was recognized as the "father of the public-school system" in Pennsylvania by the erection of a memorial gateway at Easton.{{Appletons'|wstitle=Wolf, George|year=1889|inline=1}}

Early life and education

Wolf was born in Allen Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, in present-day Northampton County, Pennsylvania, to George and Mary Wolf, who immigrated to the United States from Alsace, then part of France, in 1751. Wolf was educated at a classical school, taught for some time, and then studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1799 and commenced practice in Easton, Pennsylvania.

Career

=Pennsylvania state politics=

Wolf became a member of the Democratic Republican Party at the beginning of Thomas Jefferson's administration, and was appointed postmaster of Easton, where he served n 1802 and 1803. He was a clerk of the orphans' court of Northampton County, Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1809, and a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1814.

=U.S. House of Representatives=

Wolf was elected without opposition to the United States House of Representatives in 1824 to the Eighteenth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Thomas J. Rogers. He was reelected to the Nineteenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-first Congresses. He took the protectionist side in debates on the tariff. during his second term he chaired the Committee on Revolutionary Claims.{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Kyle |date=2022-03-26 |title=Portrait of Governor George Wolf |url=https://www.kylelmiller.com/post/portrait-of-governor-george-wolf |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=Research & Design |language=en}}

=Governor of Pennsylvania=

As member of the Jacksonian Democratic Party, Wolf defeated Joseph Ritner in both 1829 and 1832 to become the Governor of Pennsylvania. A large crowd attended his inaugural ceremonies on December 15, 1829.Sheridan, Leo W. "[https://www.newspapers.com/image/5674855/?terms=%22David%20Rittenhouse%20Porter%22&match=1 Great Crowds Attended Ceremonies of Inaugurals As Capitol Was Filled]." Lock Haven, Pennsylvania: The Express, November 30, 1934, p. 4 (subscription required). Wolf was in office during the 1834 Philadelphia race riot.

He lost the governor's seat to the Anti-Mason candidate Ritner in 1835, owing to the defection of a part of the Democrats, who voted for Henry A. Muhlenberg.

As governor, Wolf persuaded the legislature to construct canals and impose new taxes for the liquidation of debts that had already been incurred on account of internal improvements. Wolf advocated the establishment of a general system of common schools, and by strenuous efforts accomplished this reform where former governors had failed. In the wake of the hanging of Charles Getter in Easton, which was viewed by up to 20,000 people, Wolf signed a law on April 10, 1834, banning public executions.{{cite web|title=See a bird's-eye view of Getter's Island, now for sale in Easton|date=July 19, 2018 |url=https://www.lehighvalleylive.com/easton/2018/07/own_your_own_easton_island_get.html|publisher=The Express-Times|accessdate=October 30, 2021}}

=Lafayette College=

From 1827 to 1840, Wolf was a trustee of Lafayette College in Easton, Pennsylvania.{{cite book|last1=Skillman|first1=David Bishop|title=The Biography of a College: Being the History of the First Century of the Life of Lafayette College|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001451998|date=1932|publisher=Lafayette College|location=Easton, Pennsylvania|access-date=4 March 2018}}

=Final years=

In 1836, Andrew Jackson appointed him as First Comptroller of the Treasury. Two years later, President Martin Van Buren appointed him as Collector of Customs for the District of Philadelphia in a job swap with James Nelson Barker. He held this office until his death.{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77238174/george-wolf-esq/ |title=George Wolf Esq. |newspaper=Raleigh Register |page=5 |date=1840-03-13 |access-date=2021-05-07 |via=Newspapers.com}}

Personal life

Wolf married Mary Erb (1781–1833) of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, on June 5, 1798. The couple had eight sons and one daughter.{{cite news|first=Miles|last=Richards|title=Exploring History: Pennsylvania's 1st Governor Wolf |url=http://triblive.com/neighborhoods/yourscottdale/7501714-74/wolf-pennsylvania-office#axzz3bBV1ZDHu |work=Pittsburgh Tribune Review |date=2015-01-14 |access-date=2015-05-25}}

Legacy

Buildings, schools, and streets named for Wolf include:

Governor Wolf Building, built in 1893 as the first Easton High School in Easton, Pennsylvania
George Wolf Elementary School in Bath, Pennsylvania
Governor Wolf Elementary School in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Governor Wolf Historical Society and Wolf Academy, where Wolf received a classical education, in Bath, Pennsylvania
Wolf Hall at Pennsylvania State University. Wolf's name is also inscribed on the Burrowes Building the university
Wolf Street in Philadelphia
Wolf Township in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania