John Andrew Shulze

{{Infobox officeholder

|name = John Andrew Shulze

|image = Shulze.jpg

|office = 6th Governor of Pennsylvania

|term_start = December 16, 1823

|term_end = December 15, 1829

|predecessor = Joseph Hiester

|successor = George Wolf

|state_senate2= Pennsylvania

|district2 = 8th

|term_start2 = 1821

|term_end2 = 1823

|predecessor2 = Henry Winter

|successor2 = John Harrison

|birth_date = {{birth date|1775|7|19}}

|birth_place = Tulpehocken Township, Province of Pennsylvania, British America

|death_date = {{death date and age|1852|11|18|1775|7|19}}

|death_place = Lancaster, Pennsylvania, U.S.

|party = Democratic-Republican
Jacksonian

|spouse = {{marriage|Susan Kimmell||1852|}}

|children = 5

|signature = Signature of John Andrew Shulze (1775–1852).png

}}

John Andrew Shulze (July 19, 1775 – November 18, 1852) was a Pennsylvania political leader and the sixth governor of Pennsylvania."[https://www.newspapers.com/image/325157119/?terms=%22David%20Rittenhouse%20Porter%22&match=1 The Governors of Pennsylvania]." Mount Union, Pennsylvania: The Mount Union Times, January 27, 1911, p. 1 (subscription required). He was a member of the Muhlenberg family political dynasty.

Early life and education

Shulze was born in Tulpehocken Township in the Province of Pennsylvania.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U11DAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA286 |title=The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography |volume=II |publisher=James T. White & Company |page=286 |year=1921 |access-date=2021-05-07 |via=Google Books}} He was the son of Eve Elizabeth ({{nee}} Muhlenberg) and the Rev. Christopher Emmanuel Shulze. Shulze was the grandson of Henry Muhlenberg and the nephew of brothers Peter Muhlenberg and Frederick Muhlenberg, who were leading politicians. Shulze grew up in the Pennsylvania Dutch community speaking their German dialect, and for his entire life would speak English with a noticeable accent.

Shulze studied at Franklin College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and was ordained a minister in the Lutheran church in 1796. He left the ministry due to poor health in 1802 and became a merchant in Myerstown, Pennsylvania. Shulze married Susan Kimmell and they had five children together.{{cite web |title=Governor John Andrew Shulze |url=http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/governors/1790-1876/john-shulze.html |website=phmc.state.pa.us |access-date=March 9, 2019}}

Political career

Shulze was elected to the Pennsylvania General Assembly in 1806 and served three terms. From 1813 to 1821, he served in several low offices in Lebanon County. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania Senate for the 8th district from 1821 to 1823.{{cite web |title=Pennsylvania State Senate - John Andrew Shulze Biography |url=https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/BiosHistory/MemBio.cfm?ID=5467&body=S |website=www.legis.state.pa.us |access-date=9 March 2019}}

In 1823, he was elected Governor of Pennsylvania defeating former U.S. Senator Andrew Gregg. A large crowd attended his inaugural ceremonies on December 16, 1823.Sheridan, Leo W. "[https://www.newspapers.com/image/5674855/?terms=%22David%20Rittenhouse%20Porter%22&match=1 Great Crowds Attended Ceremonies of Inaugurals As Capitol Was Filled]." Lock Haven, Pennsylvania: The Express, November 30, 1934, p. 4 (subscription required). He was reelected in 1826 over John Sergeant in one of the most lopsided victories in Pennsylvania political history.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

Together with Mayor Joseph Watson of Philadelphia, in the mid-1820s Schulze worked to recover young free blacks of a group of about 20 who had been kidnapped from Philadelphia in 1825 and sold into slavery in Mississippi, as well as to prosecute members of the Cannon-Johnson gang of Maryland/Delaware for the crimes. In 1826 he issued extradition notices related to them to the states of Virginia, Alabama and Mississippi. None of the white members were convicted. John Purnell, a mulatto member of the gang, was tried in Philadelphia County Court in 1826, convicted of two counts of kidnapping and sentenced to a fine and 42 years in prison. He died five years later in prison. Patty Cannon, considered the leader of the gang, evaded capture. She was indicted on four counts of murder in 1829 after the remains of four blacks were found buried on her land, but she died in jail before being tried, likely a suicide.[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20093801?seq=3#page_scan_tab_contents John Henderson, Joseph Watson, Job Brown, Thomas Bradford Junr., R. L. Kennon, Joshua Boucher, H. V. Somerville and Eric Ledell Smith, "Rescuing African American Kidnapping Victims in Philadelphia as Documented in the Joseph Watson Papers"], Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 129 (2008), pp. 326–328, accessed April 16, 2015 {{subscription required|via JSTOR}}

Shulze pushed to establish free compulsory education in Pennsylvania. Although it failed to pass during his administration, he laid the groundwork for its adoption and funding under his successor, George Wolf. He also oversaw major canal and road building projects in the state.{{cn|date=June 2024}}

Later life and legacy

Shulze declined to run for a third term and retired to Montoursville, Pennsylvania. He returned to public life briefly to become a delegate to the first national convention of the Whig Party in 1839. In 1840, he served as President of Pennsylvania's Electoral College which elected William Henry Harrison as the ninth President of the United States.

He died in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, November 18, 1852, and was buried in Woodward Hill Cemetery. His widow and former First Lady of Pennsylvania, Susan Kimmell Shulze, died on October 4, 1860. She is also buried in Woodward Hill Cemetery in Lancaster.

Shulze Hall, located on the campus of Penn State University, is named in his honor.