Geraldo Alckmin
{{Short description|Vice President of Brazil since 2023}}
{{Portuguese name|suffix=Filho}}
{{expand Portuguese|Geraldo Alckmin|date=December 2014|topic=bio}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = His Excellency
| name = Geraldo Alckmin
| image = Alckmin 2024.jpg
| caption = Alckmin in 2024
| order = 26th
| office = Vice President of Brazil
| term_start = 1 January 2023
| president = Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
| predecessor = Hamilton Mourão
| office1 = Minister of Development, Industry, Trade and Services
| term_start1 = 1 January 2023
| president1 = Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
| predecessor1 = Marcos Jorge de Lima
{{Collapsed infobox section begin |last=yes |State offices
{{nobold|1973–2018}}
|titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
| office2 = Governor of São Paulo
| lieutenant2 = Afif Domingos (2011–2014)
Márcio França (2015–2018)
| term_start2 = 1 January 2011
| term_end2 = 6 April 2018
| predecessor2 = Alberto Goldman
| successor2 = Márcio França
| lieutenant3 = None (2001–2002)
Cláudio Lembo (2003–2006)
| term_start3 = 6 March 2001
| term_end3 = 30 March 2006
Acting: 22 January 2001 – 6 March 2001
| predecessor3 = Mário Covas
| successor3 = Cláudio Lembo
| office4 = Secretary of Development of São Paulo
| governor4 = José Serra
| term_start4 = 19 January 2009
| term_end4 = 1 April 2010
| predecessor4 = Alberto Goldman
| successor4 = Luciano Almeida
| office5 = Lieutenant Governor of São Paulo
| governor5 = Mário Covas
| term_start5 = 1 January 1995
| term_end5 = 6 March 2001
| predecessor5 = Aloysio Nunes
| successor5 = Cláudio Lembo
| office6 = Member of the Chamber of Deputies
| term_start6 = 1 February 1987
| term_end6 = 31 December 1994
| constituency6 = São Paulo
| office7 = State Deputy of São Paulo
| term_start7 = 15 March 1983
| term_end7 = 1 February 1987
| constituency7 = At-large
| office8 = Mayor of Pindamonhangaba
| deputy8 = Thiers Fernandes Lobo
| term_start8 = 31 January 1977
| term_end8 = 15 May 1982
| predecessor8 = João Bosco Nogueira
| successor8 = Thiers Fernandes Lobo
| office9 = Councillor of Pindamonhangaba
| term_start9 = 1 January 1973
| term_end9 = 31 December 1976
| constituency9 = At-large
{{collapsed infobox section end}}
}}
| birth_name = Geraldo José Rodrigues Alckmin Filho
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|11|7|df=y}}
| birth_place = Pindamonhangaba, {{nowrap|São Paulo}}, Brazil
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = PSB (since 2022)
| otherparty = MDB (1972–1980)
PMDB (1980–1988)
PSDB (1988–2021)
Independent (2021–2022)
| spouse = {{marriage|Maria Lúcia Ribeiro|1979}}
| children = 3
| residence = Palácio do Jaburu
| relatives = José Maria Alkmin (great-uncle)
José Eduardo Alckmin (cousin)
| alma_mater = University of Taubaté (BM)
| signature = Geraldo Alckmin assinatura de governador de SP.jpg
| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20101006092539/http://www.geraldo45.org.br/ Official website]
}}
Geraldo José Rodrigues Alckmin Filho ({{IPA|pt|ʒeˈɾawdu ʒoˈzɛ ʁoˈdɾiges ˈawkmĩ ˈfiʎu}}; born 7 November 1952) is a Brazilian physician and politician currently serving as 26th vice president of Brazil. He previously was the Governor of São Paulo for two nonconsecutive terms, the longest serving since democratization, 2001 to 2006 and 2011 to 2018.{{Cite news |last=Nicas |first=Jack |date=2022-10-30 |title=Brazil Election: Brazil Elects Lula, a Leftist Former Leader, in a Rebuke of Bolsonaro |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/10/30/world/brazil-presidential-election |access-date=2023-01-20 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=30 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030225721/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/10/30/world/brazil-presidential-election |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |date=2014-10-05 |title=Geraldo Alckmin é o governador de São Paulo com mais tempo no cargo |url=https://noticias.r7.com/eleicoes-2014/sao-paulo/geraldo-alckmin-e-o-governador-de-sao-paulo-com-mais-tempo-no-cargo-05102014/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=Noticias R7 |language=pt-BR}}
Before entering politics, Alckmin attended the Universidade de Taubaté's medical school, specializing in anesthesiology, going on to work in the São Paulo Public Service Hospital. Alckmin was elected mayor of his hometown Pindamonhangaba in 1982, becoming a founder of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) in 1988. Alckmin first became governor of São Paulo in 2001 after the death of Mário Covas.
Alckmin was a candidate for President of Brazil in 2006 for the PSDB, losing to incumbent President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in the second round. Alckmin again ran for president for the PSDB in 2018, but placed fourth, not advancing to the second round.{{cite web|url=https://noticias.r7.com/brasil/governador-com-mais-tempo-no-cargo-alckmin-renuncia-nesta-sexta-06042018|title=Governador com mais tempo no cargo, Alckmin renuncia nesta sexta|website=Noticias.r7.com|language=pt|first=Fernando|last=Mellis|trans-title=Governor with longest time in office, Alckmin resigns this Friday|date=6 April 2018|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-date=5 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005043128/https://noticias.r7.com/brasil/governador-com-mais-tempo-no-cargo-alckmin-renuncia-nesta-sexta-06042018|url-status=live}}
Alckmin joined the Brazilian Socialist Party in 2022 to be the running mate of former rival, Lula da Silva in the 2022 Brazilian presidential election. After the ticket's victory, Alckmin became vice-president. Alckmin is usually described by political analysts and supporters as a pro-business centrist, closely associated with the political and financial establishment.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-63353350|title=Lula eleito: a trajetória de Geraldo Alckmin e como deve ser sua atuação como vice-presidente|website=bbc.com|language=pt|first=Letícia|last=Mori|date=2022-10-30|access-date=31 October 2022|archive-date=2 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202212213/https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-63353350|url-status=live}}{{Cite news |date=2018-05-15 |title=Brazil's Pro-Business Candidate Won't Win Alone, Protege Says |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-15/brazil-s-pro-business-candidate-won-t-win-alone-protege-says |access-date=2018-05-25 |archive-date=17 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817200158/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-15/brazil-s-pro-business-candidate-won-t-win-alone-protege-says |url-status=live }}
Biography
Geraldo José Rodrigues Alckmin Filho was born in the city of Pindamonhangaba, Vale do Paraíba. Alckmin is the son of Geraldo José Rodrigues Alckmin and Míriam Penteado. According to Época magazine, Geraldo received a Christian formation from the Opus Dei Catholic prelature, and told the magazine that his uncle José Geraldo was from Opus Dei.{{Cite web |url=http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Epoca/0,6993,EPT1107598-1664,00.html |title=O Governador e a Obra |publisher=Época |author=Eliane Brum e Ricardo Mendonça |date=16 January 2006 |access-date=May 12, 2017 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103105423/http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Epoca/0,6993,EPT1107598-1664,00.html |url-status=dead }}
The Alckmin family has a history in politics, most notably Rodrigues Alckmin, a minister of the Supreme Federal Court, and José Maria Alkmin, vice-president in the Castelo Branco administration.{{Cite web |title=Folha de S.Paulo - Perfil do candidato: Alckmin é candidato que não diz não - 27/09/2000 |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/brasil/fc2709200025.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831013611/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/brasil/fc2709200025.htm |archive-date=31 August 2022 |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=www1.folha.uol.com.br}}
Geraldo is married to Maria Lúcia Ribeiro Alckmin and is the father of three children. Sophia, Geraldo and Thomaz.{{Cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/especial/2006/eleicoes/candidatos-presidente-geraldo_alckmin.shtml |title=Candidatos - Presidente - Geraldo Alckmin |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |date=12 August 2006 |access-date=30 April 2016 |language=pt |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304212335/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/especial/2006/eleicoes/candidatos-presidente-geraldo_alckmin.shtml |url-status=live }} Thomaz died in a helicopter accident on 2 April 2015.{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/34bebc72ee0e4f61a4d39580dd33a236|title=Brazilian governor's son killed in helicopter crash|website=Associated Press|date=3 April 2015 |access-date=11 September 2020|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006004332/https://apnews.com/34bebc72ee0e4f61a4d39580dd33a236|url-status=live}}
Early political career
File:Geraldo Alckmin Filho - World Economic Forum on Latin America 2011.jpg Latin America in 2011]]
While still in his first year of medical school, Alckmin began his political career in 1972 when he was elected to the Pindamonhangaba city council (1973–1977), and then its mayor (1977–1982). At age 25, he was the youngest Brazilian mayor. He was elected a federal deputy for two terms, (1983–1987 and 1987–1994), distinguishing himself by authoring consumer protection laws. In 1988, he was one of the founders of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB).
First term as São Paulo governor
He was elected vice governor of São Paulo, Mário Covas's running-mate first in the 1994 election and then again in 1998. With the death of Covas, he assumed the governorship of the state of São Paulo in March 2001, he continued Covas' policies, investing in large, state-run projects, health and education programs. All of these investments were possible through privatization programs that sold off public and state-owned companies.
He was elected governor on 27 October 2002, through a runoff election, for the 2003–2006 term, with 12 million votes (or 58.64%). His current administration was marked by a reduction in the state payroll from 49% to 46% of the state's budget, the unification of purchasing systems and other "smart spending" initiatives, as well as the implementation of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs).
2006 presidential election
{{main|2006 Brazilian general election}}
File:Alckminfamilia29102006.jpg
On 14 March 2006, PSDB nominated Alckmin as its candidate for president in the 2006 elections. Because of electoral rules, no candidate running for office may currently be in an executive office, forcing him to resign the governorship on 31 March 2006. Cláudio Lembo, the lieutenant governor, finished Alckmin's term. Alckmin's party mate, José Serra, the PSDB's presidential standard-bearer who lost to Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in 2002, then announced his candidacy to replace Alckmin in the 2006 state elections. Serra won the vote in Brazil's first round elections on 1 October 2006 and was elected as the governor of São Paulo.
Contrary to all major polls taken in the run-up to the 1 October 2006 balloting, Alckmin surprised almost everyone and came in second place in the presidential election{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}. His 41.64% of the vote,{{cite web |url=http://www.justicaeleitoral.gov.br/resultado/index.html |title=Eleições 2006 |access-date=2006-10-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061201000104/http://www.justicaeleitoral.gov.br/resultado/index.html |archive-date=2006-12-01 }} along with votes cast for two less significant candidates, as well as ballots that were left blank or spoiled, was enough to deny the simple majority necessary to re-elect incumbent President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva ("Lula") in the first round. Lula and Alckmin faced one another in a run-off election on 29 October 2006. Alckmin received 39% of the vote, losing to Lula, who received 61% of the vote and was then reelected.
Second term as São Paulo governor
= Return to São Paulo =
On 19 January 2009, Geraldo was appointed Secretary of Development for the State of São Paulo by then-Governor José Serra.{{cite web |author=José Alberto Bombig e Fernando Barros de Mello |date=19 January 2009 |title=Alckmin é o novo secretário de Desenvolvimento de Serra |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/brasil/ult96u491863.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103054714/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/brasil/ult96u491863.shtml |archive-date=3 November 2022 |access-date=18 August 2013 |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo}}{{cite web |date=19 January 2009 |title=Geraldo Alckmin assume secretaria em São Paulo |url=http://www.clicrbs.com.br/anoticia/jsp/default.jsp?uf=2&local=18§ion=Pol%C3%ADtica&newsID=a2374147.xml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904032703/http://www.clicrbs.com.br/anoticia/jsp/default.jsp?uf=2&local=18§ion=Pol%C3%ADtica&newsID=a2374147.xml |archive-date=4 September 2011 |access-date=18 August 2013 |publisher=Clicrbs}}
=State elections, 2010=
At the PSDB convention held on 13 June 2010, Alckmin was officially named the party's candidate for the São Paulo government.{{cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/750178-psdb-lanca-candidatura-de-geraldo-alckmin-ao-governo-paulista.shtml |title=PSDB lança Geraldo Alckmin candidato ao governo paulista |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |author=Daniel Roncaglia |date=June 13, 2010 |access-date=May 12, 2017 |archive-date=11 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111220454/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/750178-psdb-lanca-candidatura-de-geraldo-alckmin-ao-governo-paulista.shtml |url-status=live }}
Alckmin was elected governor in the first round with 11.5 million votes (50.63%) defeating Senator Aloizio Mercadante (PT) who obtained 8 million votes (35.23%).{{cite web |url=http://eleicoes.folha.uol.com.br/2010/1turno/apuracao-governador.shtml |title=Apuração completa - Governador |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |date=October 3, 2010 |access-date=May 12, 2017 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103060757/http://eleicoes.folha.uol.com.br/2010/1turno/apuracao-governador.shtml |url-status=live }}
=Third term as governor, 2011–2014=
Alckmin assumed the government of São Paulo for the third time on 1 January 2011. The inauguration took place during a ceremony held at State Legislative Assembly.{{Cite web |url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/853481-alckmin-toma-posse-e-promete-trabalhar-nao-apenas-por-sao-paulo-mas-pelo-brasil.shtml |title=Alckmin toma posse e promete trabalhar 'não apenas por São Paulo, mas pelo Brasil' |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |date=1 January 2011 |access-date=17 August 2013 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103060801/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/853481-alckmin-toma-posse-e-promete-trabalhar-nao-apenas-por-sao-paulo-mas-pelo-brasil.shtml |url-status=live }}
His administration in 2013 faces strikes in education and health.{{cite web|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,greve-afeta-14-hospitais-estaduais-na-capital-diz-sindicato,1039094,0.htm|title=Greve afeta 14 hospitais estaduais na capital, diz sindicato|author=Gabriela Vieira e Ricardo Chapola|date=5 June 2013|work=O Estado de S. Paulo|access-date=4 July 2013|archive-date=15 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015231816/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,greve-afeta-14-hospitais-estaduais-na-capital-diz-sindicato,1039094,0.htm|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/sao-paulo/noticia/2013/04/professores-decidem-greve-em-assembleia-na-avenida-paulista.html|title=Professores decidem greve em assembleia na Avenida Paulista|last=Viana|first=Julia Basso|date=19 April 2013|work=Portal G1|language=pt|access-date=4 July 2013|archive-date=3 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103060756/https://g1.globo.com/sao-paulo/noticia/2013/04/professores-decidem-greve-em-assembleia-na-avenida-paulista.html|url-status=live}} After the readjustment in the passage of the metropolitan trains and the subway, great manifestations of protests began, that also happened in all Brazil. The readjustment was later suspended by Alckmin and the mayor of São Paulo, Fernando Haddad.{{cite web |url=http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/haddad-e-alckmin-anunciam-reducao-das-tarifas-para-r-3-em-sp,fc2b18f9d2e5f310VgnVCM5000009ccceb0aRCRD.html |title=Haddad e Alckmin anunciam redução das tarifas para R$ 3 em SP |date=19 June 2013 |access-date=May 12, 2017 |work=Terra |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103062257/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/haddad-e-alckmin-anunciam-reducao-das-tarifas-para-r-3-em-sp,fc2b18f9d2e5f310VgnVCM5000009ccceb0aRCRD.html |url-status=live }}
Alckmin's reelection campaign for 2014 was officialized on 29 June 2014.{{cite web |url=http://g1.globo.com/sao-paulo/eleicoes/2014/noticia/2014/06/psdb-oficializa-reeleicao-de-geraldo-alckmin-ao-governo-paulista.html |title=PSDB oficializa candidatura de Alckmin à reeleição ao governo de SP |publisher=G1 |author=Tatiana Santiago |date=29 June 2014 |access-date=May 12, 2017 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103060800/https://g1.globo.com/sao-paulo/eleicoes/2014/noticia/2014/06/psdb-oficializa-reeleicao-de-geraldo-alckmin-ao-governo-paulista.html |url-status=live }} In the first round, on 5 October 2014, he was re-elected with 12.2 million votes (57.31%), being the second highest percentage of votes since the redemocratization of Brazil.{{Cite web |url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,geraldo-alckmin-e-reeleito-governador-de-sp-com-57-dos-votos,1571763 |title=Geraldo Alckmin é reeleito governador de SP com 57% dos votos |publisher=O Estado de S. Paulo |author=Paulo Saldaña |date=5 October 2014 |access-date=May 12, 2017 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103062457/https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,geraldo-alckmin-e-reeleito-governador-de-sp-com-57-dos-votos,1571763 |url-status=live }}
=Fourth term as governor, 2015–2018=
Alckmin took office for the fourth time as governor of São Paulo on 1 January 2015.{{cite web |url=http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/politica/alckmin-assume-4-mandato-e-nao-cita-crise-hidrica-em-sp,38d82c6b7d5aa410VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html |title=Alckmin assume 4º mandato e não cita crise hídrica em SP |publisher=Terra |author=Débora Melo e Janaina Garcia |date=1 January 2015 |access-date=May 12, 2017 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103062258/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/politica/alckmin-assume-4-mandato-e-nao-cita-crise-hidrica-em-sp,38d82c6b7d5aa410VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html |url-status=live }}
2018 presidential campaign
{{main|Geraldo Alckmin presidential campaign, 2018}}
In a convention held on 9 December 2017, Alckmin was elected the PSDB's national president in a 470–3 vote, succeeding Minas Gerais senator Aécio Neves, and announced his pre-candidacy for next year's presidential race.{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/psdb-elege-geraldo-alckmin-como-presidente-nacional-do-partido.ghtml|title=Por 470 votos a 3, PSDB elege Geraldo Alckmin presidente nacional do partido|website=G1.globo.com|date=9 December 2017 |access-date=1 November 2018|archive-date=3 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103063641/https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/psdb-elege-geraldo-alckmin-como-presidente-nacional-do-partido.ghtml|url-status=live}} On the same day, Alckmin spoke negatively of a potential Lula da Silva candidacy, stating that: "After having broken Brazil, Lula says he wants to return to power, that is, he wants to return to the scene of the crime. We will defeat him at the polls. Lula will be condemned at the polls by the biggest recession in history."{{Cite web |last=Matsui |first=Naomi |date=2017-12-09 |title='Lula quer voltar à cena do crime', diz Alckmin ao assumir presidência do PSDB |url=https://www.poder360.com.br/partidos-politicos/lula-quer-voltar-a-cena-do-crime-diz-alckmin-ao-assumir-presidencia-do-psdb/ |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=Poder360 |language=pt-br |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107061146/https://www.poder360.com.br/partidos-politicos/lula-quer-voltar-a-cena-do-crime-diz-alckmin-ao-assumir-presidencia-do-psdb/ |url-status=live }} On 23 February 2018, after Manaus mayor Arthur Virgílio Neto suspended his campaign, Alckmin became the sole candidate for the party's primary. His candidacy became official on 6 March 2018.{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/02/nao-vou-participar-dessa-fraude-diz-arthur-virgilio-sobre-previas-com-alckmin.shtml|title=Arthur Virgílio desiste, e Alckmin deve ser candidato do PSDB à Presidência|date=23 February 2018|website=1.folha.uol.com.br|access-date=1 November 2018|archive-date=3 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103063650/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/02/nao-vou-participar-dessa-fraude-diz-arthur-virgilio-sobre-previas-com-alckmin.shtml|url-status=live}}
Since resigning as governor and losing his legal immunity, Alckmin has been the target of a probe by electoral justice authorities for allegations that construction company Odebrecht illegally funneled R$10 million into his 2010 and 2014 campaign. He has denied wrongdoing, saying the funds were of "electoral nature" and that the allegation "does not proceed".{{cite web|url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,alckmin-diz-que-delacao-da-odebrecht-e-de-natureza-eleitoral-e-nao-tem-procedencia,70002264330|title=Alckmin diz que delação da Odebrecht é de 'natureza eleitoral' e 'não tem procedência' - Política - Estadão|website=Politica.estadao.com.br|access-date=1 November 2018|archive-date=3 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103064017/https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,alckmin-diz-que-delacao-da-odebrecht-e-de-natureza-eleitoral-e-nao-tem-procedencia,70002264330|url-status=live}}
In early May 2018, Alckmin announced his campaign communications team, which is headed by Luis Felipe d'Avila with Lula Guimarães as marketing director.{{cite web|url=https://blogs.oglobo.globo.com/lauro-jardim/post/o-time-da-comunicacao.html|title=O time da comunicação - Lauro Jardim - O Globo|first=Lauro|last=Jardim|website=Lauro Jardim - O Globo|date=5 April 2018 |access-date=1 November 2018|archive-date=3 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103063643/https://blogs.oglobo.globo.com/lauro-jardim/post/o-time-da-comunicacao.html|url-status=live}} Later that month, he announced his economic advisorial team, which includes Plano Real economists Edmar Bacha and Persio Arida.{{cite web|url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,alckmin-anuncia-equipe-economica-com-criadores-do-plano-real,70002312544|title=Alckmin anuncia equipe econômica com criadores do Plano Real - Política - Estadão|website=Politica.estadao.com.br|access-date=1 November 2018|archive-date=3 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103063701/https://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,alckmin-anuncia-equipe-economica-com-criadores-do-plano-real,70002312544|url-status=live}} In late July, Alckmin negotiated a coalition with the "centrão" (big centre), a group of parties in Congress composed of DEM, PP, PR, PRB and SD.{{cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/blog/valdo-cruz/post/2018/07/26/apos-ameacas-de-divisao-centrao-fecha-com-alckmin-para-tentar-chegar-ao-segundo-turno.ghtml|title=Após ameaças de divisão, Centrão fecha com Alckmin para tentar chegar ao segundo turno|website=G1.globo.com|date=26 July 2018 |access-date=1 November 2018|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030213628/https://g1.globo.com/politica/blog/valdo-cruz/post/2018/07/26/apos-ameacas-de-divisao-centrao-fecha-com-alckmin-para-tentar-chegar-ao-segundo-turno.ghtml|url-status=live}} On 2 August 2018, Rio Grande do Sul senator Ana Amélia Lemos, a member of PP, was confirmed as Alckmin's running mate in the general election.{{cite web|url=https://www.poder360.com.br/eleicoes/alckmin-confirma-ana-amelia-como-vice/|title=Alckmin confirma Ana Amélia como vice|date=2 August 2018|website=Poder360.com.br|access-date=1 November 2018|archive-date=3 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103063641/https://www.poder360.com.br/eleicoes/alckmin-confirma-ana-amelia-como-vice/|url-status=live}} As the candidate with the largest coalition, Alckmin has secured the longest slot for political ads on free-to-air television channels.{{cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/08/alckmin-tera-44-da-tv-lideres-bolsonaro-e-marina-dependerao-da-internet.shtml|title=Alckmin terá 44% da TV; líderes, Bolsonaro e Marina dependerão da internet|date=5 August 2018|website=1.folha.uol.com.br|access-date=1 November 2018|archive-date=3 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103063701/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/08/alckmin-tera-44-da-tv-lideres-bolsonaro-e-marina-dependerao-da-internet.shtml|url-status=live}} As candidate, Alckmin has proposed a smaller government and reduction of taxes, and has defended the labor reform that took place in the administration of President Michel Temer.{{cite web|url=https://www.nexojornal.com.br/expresso/2018/08/10/A-trajet%C3%B3ria-de-Alckmin-candidato-do-PSDB-%C3%A0-Presid%C3%AAncia|title=A trajetória de Alckmin, candidato do PSDB à Presidência|website=Nexojornal.com.br|access-date=1 November 2018|archive-date=3 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103063654/https://www.nexojornal.com.br/expresso/2018/08/10/A-trajet%C3%B3ria-de-Alckmin-candidato-do-PSDB-%C3%A0-Presid%C3%AAncia|url-status=live}}
2022 presidential election
{{main|Lula da Silva 2022 presidential campaign}}
File:2022 - Ato de filiação do ex-governador Geraldo Alckmin.jpg
After his defeat in the 2018 elections, Alckmin considered running again for São Paulo governor in 2022. His former ally, São Paulo governor João Doria, launched his vice governor Rodrigo Garcia as the PSDB's candidate for the role.{{Cite web|title=Rodrigo Garcia, vice-governador de SP, deixa DEM depois de 27 anos e se filia ao PSDB|url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2021/05/14/rodrigo-garcia-vice-governador-de-sp-deixa-o-dem-depois-de-27-anos-e-se-filia-ao-psdb.ghtml|access-date=2021-12-16|website=G1|date=14 May 2021 |language=pt-br|archive-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216172531/https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2021/05/14/rodrigo-garcia-vice-governador-de-sp-deixa-o-dem-depois-de-27-anos-e-se-filia-ao-psdb.ghtml|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=PSDB oficializa vice-governador Rodrigo Garcia como candidato ao governo de São Paulo em 2022|url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2021/11/21/psdb-oficializa-rodrigo-garcia-como-candidato-ao-governo-de-sao-paulo-em-2022.ghtml|access-date=2021-12-16|website=G1|date=21 November 2021 |language=pt-br|archive-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216172515/https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2021/11/21/psdb-oficializa-rodrigo-garcia-como-candidato-ao-governo-de-sao-paulo-em-2022.ghtml|url-status=live}} Alckmin considered staying with the PSDB in the case of Eduardo Leite's victory against Doria in the party's presidential primaries. After Doria's victory in November 2021, Alckmin's departure from the party became inevitable.
On 15 December 2021, Alckmin formally announced his departure from the PSDB.{{Cite web|title=Geraldo Alckmin deixa PSDB após 33 anos no partido|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/geraldo-alckmin-deixa-psdb-apos-33-anos-no-partido/|access-date=2021-12-16|website=CNN Brasil|language=pt-BR|archive-date=15 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215203128/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/geraldo-alckmin-deixa-psdb-apos-33-anos-no-partido/|url-status=live}} After his departure, there were speculations that he would join the Social Democratic Party (PSD) if he decided to run for the government of São Paulo in 2022, or the leftist Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB) if he decided to run for vice president on former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's ticket in the 2022 presidential elections.{{Cite news|last=Paraguassu|first=Lisandra|date=2021-12-14|title=Analysis: A possible alliance in the making between Lula, former rival in Brazil 2022 run|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/possible-alliance-making-between-lula-former-rival-brazil-2022-run-2021-12-14/|access-date=2021-12-15|archive-date=15 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215103039/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/possible-alliance-making-between-lula-former-rival-brazil-2022-run-2021-12-14/|url-status=live}}
In March 2022, Alckmin joined PSB to be Lula's running mate in the 2022 presidential election. The two were formerly rivals in the 2006 Brazilian presidential election, where Alckmin, then a PSDB member, was defeated by Lula in the second round.{{cite news |last=Boadle |first=Anthony |title=Former Sao Paulo governor Alckmin joins leftist party to be Lula's running mate |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/former-sao-paulo-governor-alckmin-joins-leftist-party-be-lulas-running-mate-2022-03-23/ |work=Reuters |date=23 March 2022 |access-date=2 November 2022 |archive-date=4 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104015404/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/former-sao-paulo-governor-alckmin-joins-leftist-party-be-lulas-running-mate-2022-03-23/ |url-status=live }} On 7 May 2022 Alckmin and Lula officialized the Lula-Alckmin ticket,{{Cite web |last=Fiuza |first=Marcello Sapio, Renan |title=PT oficializa Lula e aprova Alckmin como vice em chapa à Presidência |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/pt-oficializa-chapa-de-lula-e-alckmin-a-presidencia/ |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=CNN Brasil |language=pt-BR |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323232247/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/pt-oficializa-chapa-de-lula-e-alckmin-a-presidencia/ |url-status=live }} and on 29 July, he officially affiliated with the PSB and his candidacy for the vice-presidency was officialized.{{Cite web |title=Em ato com Lula, PSB oficializa apoio ao petista e Alckmin como candidato a vice-presidente |url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2022/noticia/2022/07/29/em-ato-com-lula-psb-oficializa-apoio-ao-petista-e-alckmin-como-candidato-a-vice-presidente.ghtml |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=G1 |date=29 July 2022 |language=pt-br |archive-date=7 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807072634/https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2022/noticia/2022/07/29/em-ato-com-lula-psb-oficializa-apoio-ao-petista-e-alckmin-como-candidato-a-vice-presidente.ghtml |url-status=live }} Alckmin's candidacy as vice-president for his former rival, Lula da Silva, has been seen as an attempt by Lula to form a broad front against the re-election of Jair Bolsonaro.{{Cite web |first=Carolina |last=Cerqueira |title=Quem é Geraldo Alckmin, vice-presidente da República eleito |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/quem-e-geraldo-alckmin-vice-presidente-da-republica-eleito/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=CNN Brasil |language=pt-BR |archive-date=4 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104044302/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/quem-e-geraldo-alckmin-vice-presidente-da-republica-eleito/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Ex-rival de Lula, Geraldo Alckmin agora sobe ao Planalto como vice do petista |url=https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2022/noticia/2022/10/30/ex-rival-de-lula-geraldo-alckmin-agora-sobe-ao-planalto-como-vice-do-petista.ghtml |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=G1 |date=30 October 2022 |language=pt-br |archive-date=31 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031195152/https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2022/noticia/2022/10/30/ex-rival-de-lula-geraldo-alckmin-agora-sobe-ao-planalto-como-vice-do-petista.ghtml |url-status=live }}
The Lula-Alckmin ticket won the second round of the 2022 elections, on 30 October, defeating the ticket of incumbent President Jair Bolsonaro (PL). Alckmin took the office of Hamilton Mourão (Republicans).
Vice President of Brazil
= Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade =
On 22 December 2022, Alckmin was announced as the minister of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade in the second presidency of Lula da Silva.{{Cite web |title=Brazil's incoming President Lula unveils more cabinet picks |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/22/brazils-incoming-president-lula-unveils-more-cabinet-picks |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en |archive-date=22 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222173703/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/22/brazils-incoming-president-lula-unveils-more-cabinet-picks |url-status=live }}
Following the election of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva as President of Brazil, Alckmin assumed office as vice president of Brazil on 1 January 2023.{{Cite web |date=2023-01-01 |title=AO VIVO: Acompanhe cerimônia de posse de Lula e Geraldo Alckmin |url=https://ndmais.com.br/politica/ao-vivo-acompanhe-cerimonia-de-posse-de-lula-e-geraldo-alckmin/ |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=ND Mais |language=pt-BR |archive-date=1 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101231254/https://ndmais.com.br/politica/ao-vivo-acompanhe-cerimonia-de-posse-de-lula-e-geraldo-alckmin/ |url-status=live }}
Electoral history
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
| Year
!Election ! colspan="2" |Party !Office !Coalition !Partners ! colspan="2" |Party !Votes !Percent !Result !Ref. |
|---|
| 1972
| Municipal Elections of Pindamonhangaba | style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement}};" rowspan="3" | | rowspan="3" | MDB | Councillor | colspan="4" | None | 1,447 | 10.00% | {{yes2|Elected}} | |
| 1976
| Pindamonhangaba Mayoral Election | Mayor | None | Thiers Fernandes Lobo | style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement}};" | |MDB | | 23.80% | {{yes2|Elected}} | |
| 1982
| State Elections of São Paulo | State Deputy | colspan="4" rowspan="3" | None | 96,232 | 0.91% | {{yes2|Elected}} | |
| 1986
| State Elections of São Paulo | style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement}};" | | PMDB | Federal Deputy | 125,127 | 0.81% | {{yes2|Elected}} | |
| 1990
| State Elections of São Paulo | style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Social Democracy Party}};" rowspan="14" | | rowspan="14" | PSDB | Federal Deputy | 55,639 | 0.32% | {{yes2|Elected}} | |
| rowspan="2" |1994
| rowspan="2" |São Paulo Gubernatorial Election | rowspan="2" |Vice-Governor | rowspan="2" |Commitment to São Paulo | rowspan="4" |Mário Covas | style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Social Democracy Party}};" rowspan="4" | | rowspan="4" |PSDB |6,574,517 |46.84% | {{maybe|2º Round}} | |
| 8,661,960
| 56.12% | {{yes2|Elected}} | |
| rowspan="2" |1998
| rowspan="2" |São Paulo Gubernatorial Election | rowspan="2" |Vice-Governor | rowspan="2" |São Paulo on the Right Track |3,813,186 |22.95% | {{maybe|2º Round}} | |
| 9,800,253
| 55.37% | {{yes2|Elected}} | |
| 2000
| São Paulo {{nowrap|Mayoral Election}} | Mayor | Respect for São Paulo | Campos Machado | style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Labour Party (1981)}};" | |PTB | 952,890 | 17.26% | {{no2|Lost}} | |
| rowspan="2" |2002
| rowspan="2" |São Paulo Gubernatorial Election | rowspan="2" |Governor | rowspan="2" |São Paulo in Good Hands | rowspan="2" |Cláudio Lembo | style="background-color:{{party color|Liberal Front Party}};" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |PFL |7,505,486 |38.28% | {{maybe|2º Round}} | |
| 12,008,819
| 58.64% | {{yes2|Elected}} | |
| rowspan="2" |2006
| rowspan="2" |Brazilian Presidential Election | rowspan="2" |President | rowspan="2" |For a Decent Brazil | rowspan="2" |José Jorge | style="background-color:{{party color|Liberal Front Party}};" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |PFL |39,968,369 |41.62% | {{maybe|2º Round}} | |
| 37,543,178
| 39.17% | {{no2|Lost}} | |
| 2008
| São Paulo {{nowrap|Mayoral Election}} | Mayor | São Paulo in the Best Direction | Campos Machado | style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Labour Party (1981)}};" | |PTB | 1,431,670 | 22.48% | {{no2|Lost}} | |
| 2010
| São Paulo Gubernatorial Election | Governor | United by São Paulo | style="background-color:{{party color|Democrats (Brazil)}};" | |DEM | 11,519,314 | 50.63% | {{yes2|Elected}} | |
| 2014
| São Paulo Gubernatorial Election | Governor | This is São Paulo | style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}};" | |PSB | 12,230,807 | 57.31% | {{yes2|Elected}} | |
| 2018
| Brazilian Presidential Election | President | To Unite Brazil | style="background-color:{{party color|Progressistas}};" | |PP | 5,096,277 | 4.76% | {{no2|Lost}} | |
| rowspan="2" |2022
| rowspan="2" |Brazilian Presidential Election | style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Socialist Party}};" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |PSB | rowspan="2" |Vice-President | rowspan="2" |Brazil of Hope | rowspan="2" |Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva | style="background-color:{{party color|Workers' Party (Brazil)}};" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |PT |57,259,504 |48.43% | {{maybe|2º Round}} | |
| 60,345,999
| 50.90% | {{yes2|Elected}} | |
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Geraldo Alckmin}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060715182738/http://www.geraldo45.com/ Geraldo 45 - unofficial website]
{{Navboxes top
|title=Offices and distinctions
}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=João Bosco Nogueira}}
{{s-ttl|title=Mayor of Pindamonhangaba|years=1977–1982}}
{{s-aft|after=Thiers Fernandes Lobo}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=Aloysio Nunes}}
{{s-ttl|title=Vice Governor of São Paulo|years=1995–2001}}
{{s-vac|next=Cláudio Lembo}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=Mário Covas}}
{{s-ttl|title=Governor of São Paulo|years=2001–2006}}
{{s-aft|after=Cláudio Lembo}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=Alberto Goldman}}
{{s-ttl|title=Governor of São Paulo|years=2011–2018}}
{{s-aft|after=Márcio França}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=Hamilton Mourão}}
{{s-ttl|title=Vice President of Brazil|years=2023–present}}
{{s-inc}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=Paulo Guedes|as=Minister of the Economy}}
{{s-ttl|title=Minister of Development, Industry, Trade and Services|years=2023–present}}
{{s-inc}}
|-
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=Mário Covas}}
{{s-ttl|title=PSDB nominee for Governor of São Paulo|years=2002}}
{{s-aft|rows=3|after=José Serra}}
|-
{{s-bef|rows=3|before=José Serra}}
{{s-ttl|title=PSDB nominee for President of Brazil|years=2006}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=PSDB nominee for Mayor of São Paulo|years=2008}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=PSDB nominee for Governor of São Paulo|years=2010, 2014}}
{{s-aft|after=João Doria}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=Alberto Goldman
{{small|Acting}}}}
{{s-ttl|title=PSDB National President|years=2017–2019}}
{{s-aft|after=Bruno Araújo}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=Aécio Neves}}
{{s-ttl|title=PSDB nominee for President of Brazil|years=2018}}
{{s-inc|recent}}
|-
{{s-other|line}}
|-
{{s-non|reason=First}}
{{s-ttl|title=Brazilian presidential line of succession
1st in line
as Vice President of Brazil}}
{{s-fol|after=Hugo Motta
''as President of the Chamber of Deputies}}
|-
{{s-prec}}
{{s-bef|before=Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|as=President of Brazil}}
{{s-ttl|title=Brazilian order of precedence
2nd in order
as Vice President of Brazil}}
{{s-fol|after=Brazilian cardinals}}
{{s-end}}
{{navboxes bottom}}
{{SãoPauloGovernors}}
{{BrazilVPs |state=collapsed}}
{{Second Lula cabinet}}
{{Deputy heads of state of South America}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alckmin, Geraldo}}
Category:20th-century Brazilian physicians
Category:Brazilian anesthesiologists
Category:Brazilian Roman Catholics
Category:Brazilian Democratic Movement politicians
Category:Brazilian Social Democracy Party politicians
Category:Brazilian Socialist Party politicians
Category:Candidates for President of Brazil
Category:Governors of São Paulo (state)
Category:Vice governors of São Paulo (state)
Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) from São Paulo
Category:Members of the Legislative Assembly of São Paulo
Category:Candidates for Vice President of Brazil
Category:People from Pindamonhangaba
Category:Brazilian people of Lebanese descent