Geum quellyon

Plants reach a height of between {{Convert|6 and 100|cm|in|abbr=off|sp=us}}. Leaves are compound, with between 3 and 10 pairs of leaflets.Fischer S., L. Inostroza, R. Wilckens, M.T. Berti, M. Baeza, and E. Pastene. 2007. [https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/ncnu07/pdfs/fischer293-297.pdf Characterization and evaluation of two population of Geum quellyon]. p. 293-297. In J. Janick and A. Whipkey (eds.) Issues in New Crops and New Uses. Proceedings 6th National Symposium Creating Markets for Economic Development of New crops and New Uses. ASHS Press. Alexandria, VA. G. quellyon grows a thick taproot which smells of cloves when broken due to the presence of aromatic compounds.{{Cite journal|last1=Goswami|first1=Hit Kishore|last2=Ram|first2=Hitendra Kumar|date=13 November 2017|title=Ancient Food Habits Dictate that Food Can Be Medicine but Medicine Cannot Be "Food"!!|journal=Medicines|language=en|volume=4|issue=4|pages=82|doi=10.3390/medicines4040082|pmc=5750606|pmid=29137206|doi-access=free}} Flowers vary in colour from yellow-orange to pink-red.{{Cite journal|last=Reilly|first=Ann|date=March 1988|title=Here today... here tomorrow: a perennial garden will bring color to the landscape year after year without the headaches of re-planting|url=https://archive.lib.msu.edu/tic/wetrt/article/1988mar42.pdf|journal=Landscape Management|volume=27|issue=3|pages=42–46}}

When in metaphase, somatic chromosomes of G. quellyon (and of G. magellanicum, another species of Geum native to Chile){{Cite web |title=Geum magellanicum Comm. ex Pers. |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:725294-1 |access-date=2021-04-01 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Kew Science}} are shorter and fatter than those in other Geum species.{{Cite journal |last=Raynor |first=Louise A. |date=1952 |title=Cytotaxonomic Studies of Geum |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2438618 |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=39 |issue=10 |pages=713–719 |doi=10.2307/2438618 |issn=0002-9122 |jstor=2438618|url-access=subscription }}

G. quellyon is native to the following regions of Chile: Araucanía, Aysén, Biobío, Los Lagos (including the island of Chiloé),{{Cite web|date=2002-02-03|title=Geum chiloense (GEUCH)|url=https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/GEUCH|access-date=2021-03-28|website=gd.eppo.int}} Magallanes, Maule, Metropolitana de Santiago, Ñuble, O’Higgins, Los Ríos, and Valparaíso.{{Cite web |title=Geum quellyon Sweet |url=https://chileanendemics.rbge.org.uk/taxa/geum-quellyon-sweet#biogeography |access-date=2021-03-28 |website=chileanendemics.rbge.org.uk |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh}}

{{See also|Medicinal plants}}

G. quellyon has been used in the traditional medicine of the Mapuche people of Chile for tooth neuralgia, gastric inflammation, prostatitis, and to regulate menstruation.Muñoz, O., Montes, M., Wilkomirsky, T., 2004. In: Maldonado, S. (Ed.), Plantas medicinales de uso en Chile: Quimica y farmacologia. Editorial Universitaria, S.A. Santiago, Chile, pp. 129–132Russo, A.; Cardile, V.; Lombardo, L.; Vanella, L.; Vanella, A.; Garbarino, J.A. (2005). Antioxidant activity and antiproliferative action of methanolic extract of Geum quellyon Sweet roots in human tumor cell lines. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 100(3): 323-332. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15941635 abstract] A methanolic extract is obtained from its roots.

Observations of a kidney transplant patient showed a pharmacological interaction between G. quellyon and cyclosporine,{{Cite journal |last1=Duclos H |first1=Jaime |last2=Goecke S |first2=Helmuth |date=July 2001 |title=Geum chiloense (Hierba del clavo) modifying cyclosporine levels.: Report of one case |url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0034-98872001000700013&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en |journal=Revista médica de Chile |volume=129 |issue=7 |pages=789–790 |doi=10.4067/S0034-98872001000700013 |issn=0034-9887 |doi-access=free}} an immunosuppressant used to prevent transplant rejection.{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Definition of cyclosporin |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/cyclosporin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124122524/https://www.lexico.com/definition/cyclosporin |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-03-28 |website=Lexico.com |publisher=Oxford University Press}}

File:Geum chiloense Lady Stratheden 5zz.jpgGeum quellyon is commonly cultivated as a garden ornamental, and in that context is sometimes called Geum chiloense. G. quellyon grows best in full sun to part shade, in moist but well-drained soil.{{Cite web|date=2006|title=Growing Guide: Geum|url=http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scenef4fb.html|access-date=2021-03-23|website=www.gardening.cornell.edu}}{{Cite web |title=Geum 'Mrs. J. Bradshaw' |url=http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=c900 |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=Missouri Botanical Garden}} Plants become damaged and do not recover well if exposed to temperatures of {{Convert|-4.4|C|F}} or below.{{Cite web|last=Johnson|first=Jim|title=Management of Container Nursery Plant Material During Cold Weather|url=https://njaes.rutgers.edu/fs528/|access-date=2021-03-28|website=njaes.rutgers.edu|language=en}}

Cultivars include:

• Geum 'Blazing Sunset', which produces brick-red double flowers on tall stems from June to September.{{Cite web |title=Geum 'Blazing Sunset' |url=https://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/geum-blazing-sunset/ |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=BBC Gardeners' World Magazine |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Perrone |first=Jane |date=2014-04-19 |title=Plant of the week: Geum 'Blazing Sunset' |url=http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/apr/19/plant-of-week-geum-blazing-sunset |access-date=2021-04-01 |website=The Guardian}} It grows to a height and spread of approximately {{Convert|60|cm|in|abbr=off|sp=us}}.
• Geum 'Lady Stratheden',{{Cite journal|last=Hebb|first=Robert S.|date=1971|title=Notes from the Arnold Arboretum "Perennials for Low Maintenance Gardening Part II"|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42953869|journal=Arnoldia|volume=31|issue=2|pages=70–83|jstor=42953869|issn=0004-2633}} also known as Geum 'Gold Ball', which produces yellow semi-double flowers. The Royal Horticultural Society has awarded Geum 'Lady Stratheden' the Award of Garden Merit.{{Cite web|title=Geum 'Lady Stratheden' (d) {{!}} avens 'Lady Stratheden'|url=http://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/99612/Geum-Lady-Stratheden-(d)/Details|access-date=2021-04-01|website=rhs.org.uk|publisher=Royal Horticultural Society}}
• Geum 'Mrs J Bradshaw',[http://www.denverplants.com/perennials/html/geum_mbs.htm Denver Plants: Geum chiloense 'Mrs. Bradshaw'] which produces large semi-double flowers{{Cite web|title=Geum 'Mrs J. Bradshaw' (d) {{!}} avens 'Mrs J. Bradshaw'|url=http://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/65802/Geum-Mrs-J-Bradshaw-(d)/Details|access-date=2021-03-23|website=rhs.org.uk|publisher=Royal Horticultural Society}} from June to September.{{Cite web|title=Geum 'Mrs J Bradshaw'|url=https://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/geum-mrs-j-bradshaw/|access-date=2021-03-23|website=BBC Gardeners' World Magazine|language=en}} It grows to a height and spread of approximately 60 cm.{{Cite web|title=Best geums to grow|url=https://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/best-geums-to-grow/|access-date=2021-03-23|website=BBC Gardeners' World Magazine|language=en}} It is often planted in cottage gardens.{{Cite web |title=BBC - Gardening: Plant Finder - Avens |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/plants/plant_finder/plant_pages/13214.shtml |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}} The Royal Horticultural Society has awarded Geum 'Mrs J Bradshaw' the Award of Garden Merit.
• Geum 'Totally Tangerine', which is a hybrid of G. quellyon 'Mrs J Bradshaw' and G. rivale.{{Cite web|title=Geum 'Totally Tangerine'|url=http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=298809|access-date=2021-04-01|website=Missouri Botanical Garden}} It grows to a height of {{Convert|90|cm|in|abbr=off|sp=us}}, and produces sterile, peach-orange flowers.{{Cite web|title=Geum 'Totally Tangerine' (PBR) {{!}} avens 'Totally Tangerine'|url=http://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/286070/Geum-Totally-Tangerine-(PBR)/Details|access-date=2021-04-01|website=rhs.org.uk|publisher=Royal Horticultural Society}} It is subject to plant breeders' rights in the European Union and the United Kingdom until 31 December 2036.Certificate on the Grant of Community Plant Variety Rights, Decision No. 30066. Community Plant Variety Office (23 May 2011). Available from [https://cpvoextranet.cpvo.europa.eu/mypvr/#!/en/registers/20091163 cpvoextranet.cpvo.europa.eu] under application number 20091163.{{Cite web|date=3 February 2021|title=EU to UK transferred plant breeders' rights|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/958043/EU_to_UK_Transferred_Plant_Breeders_Rights.ods|access-date=2021-04-01|website=GOV.UK|type=Spreadsheet}}

G. quellyon may be affected by pathogens belonging to the genus Peronospora.{{Cite journal|last=Cunnington|first=James H.|date=2008|title=An annotated checklist of Peronospora species in Victoria|journal=Australasian Mycologist|volume=27|issue=1|citeseerx=10.1.1.622.2877}}

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quellyon

Category:Flora of Chile

Category:Medicinal plants of South America

Category:Garden plants