Magallanes Region

File:Chile in its region (+Antarctic claims).svg

File:Glaciar Grey, Torres del Paine.jpg]]

The region contains mountainous peaks and glaciers in the far north, including elements of the Patagonian Ice Sheet. Further south there are other mountain ranges such as the Cerro Toro and numerous surface waters including the Seno Última Esperanza, Eberhard Fjord and Lago Grey. Protected areas include the Torres del Paine National Park and the Cueva del Milodon Natural Monument. At the latter, remains have been discovered of the extinct ground sloth as well as of prehistoric man dating to circa 10,000 BC.C.M. Hogan, 2008

The topography can be divided in four regions: an outer archipelago region ({{langx|es|Región Archipielágica}}) to the west and south, a mountain region in the west and south ({{langx|es|Región Cordillerana}}),Pisano (1977), p. 124 a plains region ({{langx|es|Región de las Planicies Orientales}}) in the northeastPisano (1977), p. 128 plus a sub-Andean zone in-between the last two zones ({{langx|es|Región Sub-Andina Oriental}}).Pisano (1977), p. 125

File:Magallanes Köppen.png

The region is characterized by low temperatures and strong winds throughout the year.{{cite web |url = http://siit2.bcn.cl/nuestropais/region12/clima.htm |title = Clima y vegetación Región de Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena |access-date= 20 October 2015 |publisher= Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional |language = es}} The region has five different climatic types, owing to the diversity in altitudes and the width of the region.{{cite web |url = http://www.meteochile.cl/climas/climas_duodecima_region.html |title = DESCRIPCIÓN CLIMATOLÓGICA |access-date= 12 December 2015 |publisher= Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil |language = es}}{{cite web |url = http://www.mapasdechile.com/clima_region12/index.htm |title= Clima: Región de Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena |access-date= 12 December 2015 |publisher= Castor y Polux Ltda |language = es}} Owing to its proximity to 60°S (a zone characterized by low pressure systems and subpolar cyclones), frontal systems regularly pass through the region.

The westernmost islands have a cold, humid and rainy climate, being exposed to strong winds and low temperatures throughout the year. Precipitation averages {{convert|3500|mm|in|abbr=on}} per year, while the mean annual temperature on these islands is {{convert|9|C|F|1}} with a low thermal amplitude due to the maritime influences and the strong winds. Precipitation decreases and temperatures increase moving eastwards. These islands are the wettest places in Chile, particularly on Guarello Island where it can record {{convert|9000|mm|in|abbr=on}} during the wettest years. Precipitation is high throughout the year though fall tends to be the wettest season.

Immediately to the east of the westernmost islands, east of the Andes and bordered by the Cordillera Paine to the north and the Brunswick Peninsula to the south, the climate is much drier. The Andes to the west block most of the precipitation, causing most of the air coming in to be dry. Mean annual precipitation ranges between {{convert|250|and|400|mm|in|abbr=on}} which is fairly evenly distributed through the year. During winters, precipitation mainly falls as snow. Mean annual temperatures are between {{convert|6|and|7|C|F|1}}. Due to the close proximity to the ocean, winters are not cold and snow cover does not last long.

In the easternmost parts of the region, including much of Tierra del Fuego province, a cold steppe climate prevails. Temperatures are cold while precipitation is lower than areas to the west. Mean precipitation is between {{convert|250|and|500|mm|in|abbr=on}}, decreasing eastwards and is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. Mean annual temperatures range between {{convert|8|and|9|C|F|1}}. From December to March, mean temperatures exceed {{convert|10|C|F|1}} while during winter, they reach down to {{convert|2|C|F|1}}.

Corresponding to the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, located at higher altitudes, temperatures are cold enough to maintain permanent ice fields. Mean temperatures are below {{convert|0|C|F|1}} in all months while precipitation (mostly as snow) is abundant year-round, receiving {{convert|2000|mm|in|abbr=on}}. These areas have a polar climate.

In the southernmost islands, south of Tierra del Fuego and the Strait of Magellan, a tundra climate prevails. These islands are strongly influenced by the surrounding Pacific Ocean to the west and southwest and the Drake Passage to the south, resulting in constant temperatures throughout the year. Mean annual temperatures are between {{convert|5|and|7|C|F|1}} while precipitation is high, with most places receiving {{convert|1000|mm|in|abbr=on}}. In sheltered areas, precipitation is below {{convert|600|mm|in|abbr=on}}. Summers are the warmest and the wettest season in these islands.

The population of Magallanes is one of the lowest in Chile, as one of the last regions colonized.

In the 1854 census counted 158 settlers, concentrated in Punta Arenas. The native population in 1830, according to King, amounted to approximately 2,200, with about 400 in western Patagonia and approximately 1,600 in the southern Straits.

The census of 1875 recorded 1,144 inhabitants and in 1895 the population had risen to 5,170 inhabitants, mostly concentrated in the city of Punta Arenas and its surroundings.

The installation of the cattle ranches attracted people from Europe (mostly Croats, British, Swiss and Italians) and southern Chile (mostly from Chiloé Archipelago), which greatly increased the population of the region.

Punta Arenas is said to have the largest percentage of Croatians in the world outside Croatia and the former Yugoslavia; Punta Arenas also has the largest percentage of residents of British descent in Chile. There is a higher proportion of non-Spanish Europeans there as well (especially Scots and Greeks), and descendants of Germans, Dutch, Danes and other Scandinavians, Russians and Portuguese peoples.

From the late 18th century to the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914, thousands of trans-oceanic voyages stopped by Punta Arenas as the most convenient strait between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The settlement of Punta Arenas and the Magellan and Chilean Antarctica Region is a result of its historic use as a hub for international travel.

In the 1907 census, the Territory of Magellan had 17,330 inhabitants, distributed as follows:

– City of Punta Arenas: 12,785 hab.

– Patagonia Chilena: 1,094 hab.

– Pen. of Brunswick: 1,062 hab.

– Tierra del Fuego: 1,626 hab.

– Beagle Channel: 184 inhabitants.

– Last Hope: 392 inhabitants.

– Baker River: 187 inhabitants.

This proportional distribution has persisted, with the bulk of the regional population in the city of Punta Arenas, and in the provincial capitals Puerto Natales, Porvenir (Spanish for "future") and Puerto Williams, one of the world's southernmost cities.

In the past 50 years, the population has increased moderately as shown below, but the region still has one of the lowest population densities in the country. The population remains mostly urban and concentrated in Punta Arenas.

Census

• 1952: 55,206 hab.
• 1960: 73,358 hab.
• 1970: 89,443 hab.
• 1982: 131,914 hab.
• 1992: 143,198 hab.
• 2002: 150,826 hab.
• 2017: 165,593 hab.

The most populated cities (2002 census) are Punta Arenas (116,005 inhabitants), Puerto Natales (16,978) Porvenir (4,734), Puerto Williams (1,952), and Cerro Sombrero (687).

University of Magellan (UMAG) is a university in the southern Chilean city of Punta Arenas. It is part of the Chilean Traditional Universities. The University of Magellan was established in 1981 during the economic reforms of Chile's military regime as the successor of Universidad Técnica del Estado's Punta Arenas section. Universidad Técnica del Estado had established the Punta Arenas section in 1961. The University of Magellan have campuses in Punta Arenas and Puerto Natales as well as a university centre in Puerto Williams. University of Magellan publishes the humanities and social sciences journal Magallania twice a year.

File:Cuernos del Paine Raulito.jpg|Torres del Paine

File:Punta Arenas-View1.jpg|Punta Arenas

File:Natales rc 012.JPG|Puerto Natales

File:Porvenir-View.jpg|Porvenir

File:Puerto Williams1.JPG|Puerto Williams with Dientes del Navarino in the background

File:Villa Las Estrellas. Vista nocturna.jpg|Villa Las Estrellas

File:Villa-Las-Estrellas-Antarctica.JPG|The Chilean settlement of Villa Las Estrellas on King George Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.

{{commons-inline|Category:Magallanes y Antártica Chilena Region}}

• Chilean Antarctic Territory
• Cerro Toro
• Eberhard Fjord
• Flag of Magallanes
• Tierra del Fuego Gold Rush
• Governorate of New León
• Southern Patagonian Ice Field dispute

{{Reflist}}

• C. Michael Hogan (2008) Cueva del Milodon, The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=18820 The Megalithic Portal]
• {{cite book |last=Pisano Valdés |first=E.|author-link=Edmundo Pisano |date=1977|chapter=Fitogeografía de Fuego-Patagonia chilena. I.-Comunidades vegetales entre las latitudes 52 y 56º S|location=Punta Arenas |title=Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia|volume=VIII |ref=Pisano1977|language=es}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20150602041340/http://www.goremagallanes.cl/ Gobierno Regional Magallanes y Antártica Chilena] official website {{in lang|es}}
• [http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss1/art43/ Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve]
• [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6225676.stm BBC article: "Lake disappears suddenly in Chile"]

{{Regions of Chile}}

{{Communes in Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region}}

{{Magallanes Region rivers and lakes}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Magallanes y la Antartica Chilena Region}}

Category:Patagonia

Category:Regions of Chile