Giovanni Battista Guadagnini
{{Short description|Italian luthier}}
{{Redirect|Guadagnini|the surname|Guadagnini (surname)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox artist
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Giovanni Battista Guadagnini
| honorific_suffix =
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| native_name =
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| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1711|06|23}}
| birth_place = Bilegno in Val Tidone, Italy
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1786|09|18|1711|06|23}}
| death_place = Turin, Italy
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| nationality = Italian
| education =
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| known_for = {{hlist|Luthier|pedagogue}}
| notable_works = {{unbulleted list
|Baron Knoop (1744, Piacenza)
|Ex-Lorenzo ({{Circa}}1745, Piacenza)
|Baron Köhner (1752, Milan)
|Campoli,Grumiaux (1773, Turin)
|Salabue (1774, Turin)
|Bryant (1775, Turin)
}}
| style = {{Flatlist|
- Guadagnini style {{hlist|Piacenza period|Milan period|Parma period|Turin period}}
- Stradivarius style}}
| movement = Guadagnini school{{cite web |url=https://tarisio.com/cozio-archive/cozio-carteggio/violin-making-in-turin-part-ii-the-guadagnini-family/ |last1=Kass |first1=Philip |title=Violin Making in Turin, part 2: the Guadagnini family |website=Tarisio Auctions |access-date=19 May 2018 |url-access=registration}}
| spouse =
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| elected = Court luthier of Duchy of Parma{{cite web |url=http://www.guadagnini.org/en/gbguadagnini.php |title=Giovanni Battista Guadagnini (1711–1786) |date=2011 |website=Guadagnini.org |access-date=23 October 2019}}
| patrons = {{unbulleted list|Duke of Parma|Count Cozio di Salabue}}
| memorials =
| website = {{URL|www.guadagnini.org}}
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}}
File:Guadagnini Family tree.gif
Giovanni Battista Guadagnini (often shortened to G. B. Guadagnini; 23 June 1711 – 18 September 1786) was an Italian luthier, regarded as one of the finest craftsmen of string instruments in history.{{cite book |last=Doring |first=Ernest N. |date=1949 |title=The Guadagnini Family of Violin Makers |location=Chicago |publisher=Lewis & Sons}} Reprint with new introduction by Stewart Pollins, Dover Books, 2012. {{ISBN|978-0-48649-796-9}} He is widely considered the third greatest maker after Antonio Stradivari and Giuseppe Guarneri "del Gesù". The Guadagnini family was known for their violins, guitars and mandolins.
Biography
Giovanni Battista Guadagnini was born on 23 June 1711, in the hamlet of Bilegno, in what is now the Province of Piacenza in Northern Italy. Both his life and his career can be divided into four distinct periods, which correspond to the four cities in which he would live and work, Piacenza, Milan, Parma, and Turin.
Almost nothing is known about his early years until he moved to the nearby city of Piacenza in 1738.{{cite book |author1=Davide Gasparotto| author2=Anrea Zanrè |title=Joannes Baptista Guadagnini, fecit Parmae serviens, celsitudinis suae realis : masterpieces from the Parma 2011 Galleria nazionale exhibition |date=2012 |publisher=Scrollavezza e Zanrè |isbn=978-88-907194-0-0 |ref=parma2011a |chapter=The role of Giovanni Battista Guadagnii in the tradition of violin making, an introduction}} In 1742, his first violins start to appear. It is unclear from whom or where he learned his trade. Since he joined the woodworking guild, it is likely that he underwent an apprenticeship with a local woodworker; however, there is no evidence of any local instrument makers in Piacenza at the time.{{cite book |author1=Carlo Chiesa |title=Joannes Baptista Guadagnini, fecit Parmae serviens, celsitudinis suae realis : masterpieces from the Parma 2011 Galleria nazionale exhibition |date=2012 |publisher=Scrollavezza e Zanrè |isbn=978-88-907194-0-0 |ref=parma2011b |chapter=On a String, Giovanni Battista Guadagnini’s life and whereabouts}}
In 1749 Guadagnini moved to Milan, where he continued to make instruments. The reason for his move is unknown, but was perhaps economically motivated as Milan was a much larger city with a larger and more active music scene. During this time a few of his instruments bear labels implying a relationship to Cremona—the home of the renowned violin makers Amati, Stradivari, and Guarneri—however no evidence exists that Guadagnini ever lived in Cremona.
In 1758 Guadagnini moved again, this time to Parma. He may have been drawn to the city by the recent appointment of Carlo Ferarri, a close musician friend from his time in Piacenza, to a position with the Ducal Court.{{cite web |title=Giovanni Battista Guadagnini |url=https://tarisio.com/cozio-archive/browse-the-archive/makers/maker/?Maker_ID=234 |website=Tarisio Cozio Archive |publisher=Tarisio |access-date=14 March 2021}} During his time in Parma Guadagnini was also closely connected to the court, and in particular to the musical patronage of the Prime Minister Guillaume du Tillot. In his later years in Parma Guadagnini even received a direct salary from the court. In 1771, with the Court's financial fortunes in decline, Guadagnini asked to be allowed to leave.
He next moved to Turin. Two years later, in 1773, he began his historically important relationship with notable violin collector Count Cozio. Cozio purchased most, if not all, of Guadagnini's output during this time, and also supplied him with most of his wood and other materials. His business partnership with Cozio ended in 1777, though they continued to have dealings with each other. The Count is likely responsible for Guadagnini's marked shift to a more Stradivari-like style during this time, both by pressuring Guadagnini to more closely copy Stradivari and by providing Guadagnini with access to examples of Stradivari's work.{{cite book |author1=Philip Kass |title=Joannes Baptista Guadagnini, fecit Parmae serviens, celsitudinis suae realis : masterpieces from the Parma 2011 Galleria nazionale exhibition |date=2012 |publisher=Scrollavezza e Zanrè |isbn=978-88-907194-0-0 |ref=parma2011b |chapter=The evolution of style and technique in the work of Giovanni Battista Guadagnini}}
Giovanni Battista Guadagnini passed away in Turin on 18 September 1786.
Violin maker
Guadagnini's work is divided into four distinct periods, which correspond to the four cities in which he worked over the span of his career, Piacenza, Milan, Parma, and Turin. His work in each new city changed in response to the availability of materials, the needs of the local musicians, and finally in Turin, his relationship with Count Cozio. Stylistically Guadagnini's work is generally less refined and polished than that of makers such as the Amatis or Stradivari, however with the same focus on tonal success. He is generally considered to be the last of the great historical makers, ranking just behind Stradivari and Guarneri.{{cite web |url=https://tarisio.com/cozio-archive/browse-the-archive/makers/maker/?Maker_ID=234 |website=Tarisio Cozio Archive |access-date=14 March 2021|title=Maker Profile }} He is also possibly the last of historical makers to have used a varnish similar to what was used by classical Cremonese makers.
His instruments have sold for over $2,000,000 at auction.{{cite web |title=Price History: Guadagnini, Giovanni Battista |url=https://tarisio.com/cozio-archive/price-history/?search_city=&search_last_name=&Maker_ID=234&order=price%3ADESC |website=Tarisio |access-date=14 March 2021}}
Performers with Guadagnini instruments
;Violinists
; Violists
- Li-Kuo Chang plays the 'ex-Vieuxtemps' G.B. Guadagnini viola, Parma c.1768.{{cite web |url=http://www.guadagnini.org/en/strumenti.php |title=Giovanni Battista Guadagnini 1711–1786 |date=2011 |website=Guadagnini.org |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510192851/http://www.guadagnini.org/en/strumenti.php |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.peabody.jhu.edu/conservatory/faculty/chang/ |title=Choong-Jin Chang |date=2014 |publisher=Peabody Institute of the Johns Hopkins University |access-date=23 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308090607/http://www.peabody.jhu.edu/conservatory/faculty/chang/ |archive-date=2016-03-08}}
- Geraldine Walther plays a G.B. Guadagnini viola, Turin 1774.{{cite web |url=http://www.beinfushi.com/cs-geraldine.php |title=Geraldine Walther |website=Bein & Fushi |access-date=2012-10-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709091304/http://www.beinfushi.com/cs-geraldine.php |archive-date=9 July 2012}}
; Cellists
- Nicolas Altstaedt plays a G.B. Guadagnini cello made in 1749 (body size: 70 centimeters)
- Natalie Clein plays the "Simpson" Guadagnini cello (1777).{{cite web|title=Biography|url=http://www.natalieclein.com/biography.php|access-date=23 October 2019|website=Natalie Clein|archive-date=20 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020084705/http://www.natalieclein.com/biography.php|url-status=dead}}
- Kristina Reiko Cooper plays the "ex-Havemeyer" Guadagnini cello made in 1743.
- David Geringas plays a G.B. Guadagnini cello made in 1761.{{cite web |url=http://www.aitchisoncellos.com/articleguad.htm |title=G. B. Guadagnini |last=Mnatzaganian |first=Sarah |date=2004 |website=Aitchison Mnatzaganian |access-date=23 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602140200/http://www.aitchisoncellos.com/articleguad.htm |archive-date=2 June 2008}}
- Maxine Neuman plays a 1772 Guadagnini.{{cite web |url=http://www.maxineneuman.com/downloads/Biography_Maxine_Neuman_eng.pdf |title=Biography |website=Maxine Neuman |access-date=23 October 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210330/http://www.maxineneuman.com/downloads/Biography_Maxine_Neuman_eng.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016}}
- Han-na Chang plays the G.B. Guadagnini cello made in Milan in 1757.
- Gilberto Munguia plays a G.B. Guadagnini cello (1748).
- Saša Večtomov played a G.B. Guadagnini cello made in Milan in 1754.
- Sol Gabetta plays a G.B. Guadagnini cello (1759).
- Carter Brey, principal cellist of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, plays a Guadagnini made in Milan in 1754.{{cite web |url=http://nyphil.org/about-us/artists/carter-brey |title=Carter Brey, Principal Cello |website=New York Philharmonic |access-date=23 October 2019}}
- David Finckel plays a G.B. Guadagnini cello (1754)
;
; Groups
- Australian String Quartet (ASQ) plays four matched instruments: a violoncello (c.1743), and a violin (1748–49), both made in Piacenza, and a viola (1783) and another violin (1784) made in Turin.{{cite web |url=http://www.asq.com.au/about/instruments |title=Our Instruments |website=Australian String Quartet |access-date=2017-02-12}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
{{violin}}
- Cozio Archive [https://tarisio.com/cozio-archive/browse-the-archive/makers/maker/?Maker_ID=234 Giovanni Batista Guadagnini].
- {{Cite Grove1900|wstitle=Guadagnini|noicon=x}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.aitchisoncellos.com/articleguad.htm |title=G. B. Guadagnini |last=Mnatzaganian |first=Sarah |date=2004 |website=Aitchison Mnatzaganian |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602140200/http://www.aitchisoncellos.com/articleguad.htm |archive-date=2 June 2008}}
- {{cite book |last=Doring |first=Ernest N. |date=1949 |title=The Guadagnini Family of Violin Makers |location=Chicago |publisher=Lewis & Sons}}
- {{cite book |editor-last=König |editor-first=Adolf H. |date=1981 |title=Die Geigenbauer der Guadagnini-Familie: Die Turiner Schule |trans-title=The violin makers of the Guadagnini family: The Turin School |language=de |location=Frankfurt |publisher=Verlag Das Musikinstrument |isbn=978-3-92011-265-7}}
- {{cite journal |last=Fiori |first=G. |date=1994 |title=Documenti biografici di artisti e personaggi piacentini dal '600 all' '800 nell' Archivo Vescovile di Piacenza |trans-title=Biographical documents of Piacenza artists and characters from the 600s to the 1800s in the Archdiocese of Piacenza |journal=Strenna Piacentina |language=it |pages=67–111}}
- {{cite book |last=Kass |first=P.J. |title=Violin Makers of the Piedmontese School}}
- {{cite book |last=Vannes |first=Rene |title=Dictionnaire Universel del Luthiers (vol.3) |location=Bruxelles |publisher=Les Amis de la musique |language=fr |year=1985 |orig-year=1951 |oclc=53749830}}
- {{cite book |last=Henley |first=William |title=Universal Dictionary of Violin & Bow Makers |location=Brighton, England |publisher=Amati |year=1969 |isbn=0-901424-00-5 |title-link=Universal Dictionary of Violin & Bow Makers}}
- {{cite book |last=Hamma |first=Walter |author-link=Walter Hamma |date=1993 |title=Meister Italienischer Geigenbaukunst |trans-title=Master of Italian violin making |language=de |location=Wilhelmshaven |publisher=F. Noetzel |isbn=3-7959-0537-0}}
- {{cite book |last=Rosengard |first=Duane |date=2000 |title=Giovanni Battista Guadagnini: The Life and Achievement of a Master Maker of Violins |location=Haddonfield, New Jersey |publisher=Carteggio Media |isbn=978-0-97042-290-3}}
External links
- {{cite web|url=http://www.leroydouglasviolins.com/guadphotos.htm|title="ex-Joachim" G.B. Guadagnini Turin 1775|website=Leroy Douglas Violins|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106001113/http://www.leroydouglasviolins.com/guadphotos.htm|archive-date=2009-01-06}}
- [https://www.diariodesevilla.es/mapademusicas/Bach-horizonte-infinitas-posibilidades_0_1555044742.html ""Bach es un horizonte de infinitas posibilidades"] . Archived from Diario de Sevilla on 12 Marzo, 2021.
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