Givat Shaul

Givat Shaul is named after the Rishon Lezion, Rabbi Yaakov Shaul Elyashar, the Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel,{{cite web |url=http://www.gojerusalem.com/discover/article_778/The-Givat-Shaul-Neighborhood-in-Jerusalem |title=The Givat Shaul Neighborhood in Jerusalem |access-date=2010-08-20 |publisher=gojerusalem.com}} and not, as commonly believed, for the biblical King Saul, whose capital was probably located on the hill Gibeah of Saul near Pisgat Ze'ev, on the way to Ramallah.Yarok Birushalayim, Shechunat Givat Shaul, Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel, Vol. 85, June–July 2007.

A courtyard in Givat Shaul on [[Sukkot|thumb]]

Givat Shaul was established in 1906 on land purchased from the Arab villages of Deir Yassin and Lifta by a society headed by Rabbi Nissim Elyashar, Arieh Leib and Moshe Kopel Kantrovitz. Difficulties in registering the land delayed construction until 1919. The first residents were needy families who were given small plots to grow fresh produce that was marketed in Jerusalem.[http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2250&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9 Jerusalem neighborhoods: Givat Shaul] These families, mainly Yemenite Jews, were joined by others from Meah Shearim and the Old City. The Ashkenazim built the first public building, Beit Knesset HaPerushim. In 1912, an embroidery and sewing workshop was opened with the help of a Jewish philanthropist, Rabbi Slutzkin. Other industries established in Givat Shaul were the Froumine biscuit factory, a factory for kerosene heaters that manufactured arms for the British army during the British Mandate of Palestine, and a matza factory. In 1927, the Diskin Orphanage moved to Givat Shaul from the Old City. This building, designed by a local architect named Tabachnik, was home to 500 orphan boys.

File:הכניסה לשכונת גבעת שאול.jpg

According to a census conducted in 1931 by the British Mandate authorities, Givat Shaul had a population of 966 inhabitants, in 152 inhabited houses.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 39]

File:Remains of Deir Yassin (10).jpg]]

A long, dirt track separated Givat Shaul from a cluster of Arab villages, including Deir Yassin, with whom the Jews maintained good relations. In late 1946, the Haganah straightened and paved the dirt track in order to use it as a landing strip. During the Battle for Jerusalem in 1948, the Haganah flew in supplies, armaments, food, and troops on this runway. After the war, this road became known as Kanfei Nesharim Street.{{cite web |url=http://yourjerusalem.org/2010/02/on-eagles-wings/ |title=On Eagles' Wings |last=Pinner |first=Daniel |date=March 1999 |access-date=7 June 2010 |publisher=Your Jerusalem}}{{cite web |url=http://mitzperamot.org/?cat=4&paged=2 |title=Jerusalem Corner |date=3 April 2009 |access-date=2010-06-14 |publisher=Beit Knesset Mitzpe Ramot |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510024421/http://mitzperamot.org/?cat=4 |archive-date=10 May 2010 }}

In January 1948, the leaders of Givat Shaul met with the mukhtar of Deir Yassin to work out a non-aggression pact: if armed militia entered Deir Yassin, the villagers would hang out laundry in a certain sequence or place lanterns in a particular location. In return, patrols from Givat Shaul guaranteed safe passage to Deir Yassin residents, in vehicles or on foot, passing through their neighborhood on the way to Jerusalem.[https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA91 Morris 2004, p. 91]; [http://www.ee.bgu.ac.il/~censor/katz-directory/05-12-14gelber-palestine-1948-appendix-II-what-happened-in-deir-yassin-english.pdf Gelber 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227114421/http://www.ee.bgu.ac.il/~censor/katz-directory/05-12-14gelber-palestine-1948-appendix-II-what-happened-in-deir-yassin-english.pdf |date=2008-02-27 }}, p. 308. Over time, Deir Yassin became a halfway site for Arab forces moving from Ein Karem and Malha to al-Qastal and Kolonia, which overlooked the Jerusalem-Tel Aviv highway.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

On 9 April 1948, Deir Yassin was attacked by paramilitary Israeli Irgun and Lehi forces[http://middle-east.yu-hu.com/peacewatch/dy/levitza.htm Levitza's account, from 'Nine Measures' by Yitzhak Levi ("Levitza") published by 'Maarachot' Israel Defense Forces Press, Tel Aviv, 1986] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309125448/http://middle-east.yu-hu.com/peacewatch/dy/levitza.htm |date=2012-03-09 }} and between 100 and 110 villagers were killed during the fights or massacred afterward. The population that had not fled was expelled. The rumours about this massacre also contributed to the trigger of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight.{{Cite web |url=http://www.ee.bgu.ac.il/~censor/katz-directory/05-12-14gelber-palestine-1948-appendix-II-what-happened-in-deir-yassin-english.pdf |title=Gelber 2006 |access-date=2009-08-26 |archive-date=2008-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227114421/http://www.ee.bgu.ac.il/~censor/katz-directory/05-12-14gelber-palestine-1948-appendix-II-what-happened-in-deir-yassin-english.pdf |url-status=dead }}

In 1951, the depopulated buildings were used to house a therapeutic community of 300 patients called the Kfar Shaul Government Work Village for Mental Patients.Progress in Psychotherapy, American Psychiatric Association, Grune & Stratton, 1949. The majority of patients were Holocaust survivors.Freidman, Ron. [http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=65245 "Challenged children get a bird's-eye view of Masada"], The Jerusalem Post, 17 June 2006.

On 30 November 2023, it was the scene of a mass shooting by two Hamas fighters amid the Gaza war. The Palestinian gunmen were shot and killed by security forces and an armed civilian. Three Israelis were killed and six wounded.{{Cite web |last=Bachner |first=Michael |last2=Ben-David |first2=Ricky |date=2023-11-30 |title=Nov. 30: Hostages freed Thursday night reunite with relatives |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog-november-30-2023/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=timesofisrael.com}}{{cite web | url=http://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-775796 | title=Four killed in Hamas shooting attack in Jerusalem | date=30 November 2023 }}

File:Angel's flour pipeline 1.jpg' flour pipeline, which conveys flour directly from the flour mill to the silos (left) to the bakery (right), spanning Beit Hadfus Street in Givat Shaul.]]

After 1948, the Givat Shaul industrial zone expanded with factories and warehouses. Angel's Bakery moved to its present location here in 1958. The Angel brothers and co-CEOs Avraham, Ovadia, and Danny, commissioned a Texas company to construct a 750-foot pipeline to convey flour directly from the mill to the silo to the bakery. Today this pipeline brings 120 tons of flour to the bakery daily. The invention, initially opposed by the Jerusalem municipality for being above-ground, won the Kaplan Prize for distinction in productivity and efficiency.{{cite news |url= http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/32575/family-creates-a-baking-dynasty-in-israel/ |title= Family Creates a Baking Dynasty in Israel |last=Elliman |first=Wendy |newspaper= J |date=25 May 2007 |access-date=11 August 2010 |publisher=jweekly.com}} The bakery's landmark factory store opened in 1984.{{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/jerusalem-s-town-baker-1.267962 |title=Jerusalem's Town Baker |last=Hasson |first=Nir |date=1 December 2009 |access-date=2 August 2010 |publisher=Haaretz}}

Berman's Bakery, founded in 1875 by Mrs. Kreshe Berman as a cottage industry in the Old City, moved to its present location down the road from Angel's in 1965. A new street, Beit Hadfus Street, was constructed to reach the new bakery.{{cite web|url=http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5765/VYR65features.htm |title=Rabbi Alexander (Sender) Uri: Pioneer Ba'al Teshuvoh |last=Yosefson |first=A. |date=27 October 2004 |access-date=2010-08-10 |publisher=Dei'ah VeDibur |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028012036/http://www.chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5765/VYR65features.htm |archive-date=2006-10-28 }} This new street was named "Street of the Printing Press" for the many printing establishments also located here.{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yqXXD_74yAEC&q=streets+of+jerusalem+beit+hadfus&pg=PA50 |title=The Streets of Jerusalem: Who, What, Why |last=Eisenberg |first=Ronald L. |date=30 September 2006 |publisher=Devora Publishing |isbn= 978-1-932687-54-5}} These include two large book publishing houses, Keter Publishing House (established in 1958){{cite web |url=http://www.keter-books.co.il/About+Keter+Books/ |title=About Us |year=2007 |access-date=5 September 2010 |publisher=Keter Books |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507000047/http://www.keter-books.co.il/About+Keter+Books/ |archive-date=7 May 2011 }} and Feldheim Publishers, which established its Israel branch in the 1960s.{{cite web |url= http://matzav.com/incredible-savings-from-feldheim-publishers |title=Incredible Savings From Feldheim Publishers |date=20 June 2010 |access-date=5 September 2010 |publisher=matzav.com}} Old City Press has operated here since 1969.{{cite web |url=http://www.israelexporter.com/old-city-press |title=Old City Press: Company Profile |access-date=5 September 2010 |publisher=israelexporter.com}}

Since the late 1980s, aging industrial plants have been replaced by housing projects in Givat Shaul Bet.{{cite web |url=http://www.eifermanrealty.com/ShowNb.aspx?id=35 |title=Givat Shaul |access-date=2010-09-05 |publisher=eifermanrealty.com}}

The population consists of a mix of Haredi and Religious Zionist Jews. The northernmost part of the neighborhood, directly above Highway 1, is mostly Haredi, while residents of the southern part, bordering Kiryat Moshe, are mostly Modern Orthodox Religious Zionists.

File:Zupnik.jpg

The northern part of Givat Shaul is populated mainly by Haredim, and the main street is closed to traffic on Shabbat and Jewish holidays. Several major synagogues are located here, including the Pressburg Yeshiva and neighborhood synagogue, and the Zupnik - Ner Yisroel synagogue, and the ivy Yeshiva, Ner Moshe, headed by Rabbi Avraham Gurewitz and Rabbi Shalom Shechter. The population consists of a mix of Hasidic, Litvishe and Sephardi/Mizrahi Haredim, and a small minority of National-Religious Jews. The rabbi of the Zupnik - Ner Yisroel synagogue is Avrohom Yitzchok Ulman, a senior member of the rabbinical high court, or Badatz, of the Edah HaChareidis. Other important rabbis living in Givat Shaul are Rabbi Yehoshua Karlinsky, rabbi of the Beer Avrohom synagogue; Rabbi Tennenbaum, rabbi of the Babad synagogue and Rabbi Shmuel Taussig, Admor of Toldos Shmuel.{{cite web |url=http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5768/chayeisoroh/CS68artaussig.htm |title=HaRav Aharon Taussig zt"l |last=Sever |first=Yechiel |date=1 November 2007 |access-date=2010-08-20 |publisher=Dei'ah VeDibur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525075751/http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5768/chayeisoroh/CS68artaussig.htm |archive-date=25 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}

In the southern part of Givat Shaul, the population predominantly consists of Modern Orthodox Jews, affiliating with Religious Zionism. This section borders Kiryat Moshe and is often also referred to as such. Institutions in this area include the main synagogue of Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu, a major center of Sephardic Religious Zionism, as well as the primarily Ashkenazi national-religious flagship Mercaz HaRav yeshiva.

File:Israel Central Bureau of Statistics.JPG at the western end of Givat Shaul Bet.]]

File:Berman's Bakery store.jpg

The Givat Shaul industrial zone, sometimes referred to as Givat Shaul Bet, is situated on two parallel streets, Kanfei Nesharim and Beit Hadfus. While Kanfei Nesharim Street has developed into a modern shopping area with many chain stores and stylish office buildings, Beit Hadfus Street remains largely industrial with discount stores and outlets that attract bargain shoppers.{{cite web |url=http://www.gojerusalem.com/discover/article_778/The-Givat-Shaul-Neighborhood-in-Jerusalem |title=The Givat Shaul Neighborhood in Jerusalem |access-date=6 September 2010 |publisher=gojerusalem.com}}

In recent years, low-cost wedding halls servicing the religious population of Jerusalem have opened in several office and industrial buildings on Beit Hadfus Street. Some of these are subsidized by major charity organizations to keep expenses down for low-income families. The Armonot Wolf (Wolf Palaces){{cite web |url=http://www.koogle.co.il/English/Businesses/Halls/Zone-1/%d7%93%d7%a3-4 |title=Halls |access-date=8 September 2010 |publisher=koogle.co.il |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122070921/http://www.koogle.co.il/English/Businesses/Halls/Zone-1/%D7%93%D7%A3-4 |archive-date=22 January 2011 }} wedding halls are affiliated with the Yad Eliezer charity organization, which subsidizes weddings for orphans here through its Adopt-a-Wedding campaign.{{cite web |url=http://www.yadeliezer.org/program_info.php?program_id=10 |title=Adopt-a-Wedding |access-date=8 September 2010 |publisher=yadeliezer.org}} The Gutnick Halls, funded by Australian philanthropist Joseph Gutnick and managed by Chabad, provide subsidized weddings for 440 needy couples annually through the Colel Chabad charity fund.{{cite web|url=http://www.colelchabad.org/Gutnick_Wedding_Halls.bp |title=Gutnick Wedding Halls |year=2010 |access-date=11 September 2010 |publisher=Colel Chabad |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020110658/http://www.colelchabad.org/Gutnick_Wedding_Halls.bp |archive-date=20 October 2010 }} The Lechaim halls, located into the same industrial complex as Armonot Wolf, are also cheaper than wedding halls in other parts of the city.

Government offices include the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the National Authority of Religious Services,{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Current+Government+of+Israel/Addresses-+Telephone+and+Fax+Numbers+of+Government.htm |title=Addresses, Telephone and Fax Numbers of Government Ministries

|year=2008 |access-date=2010-06-07 |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs}} the State Comptroller and Ombudsman,{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2000/9/State%20Comptroller%20and%20Ombudsman |title=The State Comptroller and Ombudsman |year=2008 |access-date=2010-06-07 |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs}} the Israel Securities Authority,{{cite web |url=http://www.isa.gov.il/Default.aspx?Site=ENGLISH |title=Israel Securities Authority |access-date=2010-06-07 |publisher=Israel Securities Authority |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112075128/http://www.isa.gov.il/Default.aspx?Site=ENGLISH |archive-date=2010-11-12 }} the Income Tax Commission,{{cite web |url=http://www.finance.gov.il/year2002.htm |title=Ministry of Finance Annual Report |date=2001–2002 |access-date=2010-06-07 |publisher=Israel Ministry of Finance |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721141319/http://www.finance.gov.il/year2002.htm |url-status=dead }} the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics,{{cite web |url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/engoffic.htm |title= Central Bureau Of Statistics Offices |access-date=2010-06-07 |year=2002 |publisher=Israel Government Portal}} the National Parks Authority,{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2001/9/Focus%20on%20Israel-%20Nature%20Conservation%20in%20Israel |title=Nature Conservation in Israel |last=Gabbay |first=Shoshana | date=September 2001 |access-date=2010-06-07 |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs}} and the Ministry of Education.[https://www.enic-naric.net/page-Israel] National Information Centres.

The Israeli branch of Touro College{{cite web |url=http://www.touroisrael.org/pages/about_us |title=About Us |access-date=2010-08-20 |publisher=touroisrael.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712131531/http://www.touroisrael.org/pages/about_us |archive-date=2010-07-12 |url-status=dead }} and the Tal Institute, the women's division of the Jerusalem College of Technology,{{cite web |url=http://www.biojerusalem.org.il/database_cschool.asp?ID=7 |title=Tal Institute |access-date=8 September 2010 |publisher=biojerusalem.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721143154/http://www.biojerusalem.org.il/database_cschool.asp?ID=7 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=dead }} are also located in Givat Shaul.

File:HarHamenuchotFromGivhatShaul.JPG

On the northwestern ridge of the neighborhood lies Har HaMenuchot, Jerusalem's largest cemetery. Between the northern section of Givat Shaul and the cemetery is another commercial zone consisting of several large stores and office buildings. The Herzog psychiatric hospital,{{cite web |url=http://www.herzoghospital.org/ |title=Sarah Herzog Hospital, Jerusalem |year=2001 |access-date=2010-08-20 |publisher=herzoghospital.og}} Egged's bus maintenance facility, and the main depot for the Jerusalem municipality's sanitation services are also located here.

• Mordechai Eliyahu
• Avrohom Yitzchok Ulman
• Shlomo Wolbe{{cite web |url=http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5765/emor/EMR65arwolbe.htm |title=Gathering in Givat Shaul to Mark End of Shivoh for HaRav Wolbe, zt"l |date=11 May 2005 |access-date=2010-08-20 |publisher=Dei'ah VeDibur |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060331131057/http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5765/emor/EMR65arwolbe.htm |archive-date=31 March 2006 |url-status=dead }}

• Angel Bakeries
• Berman's Bakery
• Kramer Electronics, Ltd.
• Feldheim Publishers
• Keter Publishing House
• Yehuda Matzos

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{{Neighborhoods of Jerusalem}}

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Category:Populated places established in 1906

Category:1906 establishments in the Ottoman Empire

Category:Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem

Category:Orthodox Jewish communities in Jerusalem