Glaucium grandiflorum
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Glaucium grandiflorum.jpg
| genus = Glaucium
| species = grandiflorum
| authority = Boiss. & A.Huet
| synonyms = *Glaucium judaicum {{small|Bornm.}}
| synonyms_ref = {{r|"worldplants"}}
}}
Glaucium grandiflorum, the great-flowered horned poppy, is a species of flowering plant in the horned poppy genus which is native to the Middle East.
Description
The species is a perennial flowering plant which has scalloped, blue-gray leaves. It flowers in the summer and fall with orange-red flowers that are {{Convert|4|cm|in}} in diameter. These flowers are on long stems which extend above the plant's foliage. The seed pods ripen in late summer.{{Cite web|date=2022|title=Glaucium grandiflorum (Grand-Flowered Horned Poppy)|url=https://www.gardenia.net/plant/glaucium-grandiflorum|access-date=12 February 2022|website=gardenia.net}}
Glaucium grandiflorum grows {{Convert|6-40|cm|in}} and can have one or more main stems. These stems are branched, and are covered with rather dense hairs. The petals are {{Convert|1-4.5|cm|in}} long. There are numerous stamens with anthers {{Convert|1-4|mm|in}} in length. Their filaments are monotronic in the upper half and broadened in the lower half. The pedicals, when fruiting, can be up to {{Convert|9|cm|in}} long, and are erect or contorted and hairy. The stigma are {{Convert|4-9|mm|in}} broad.{{Cite journal|date=2019|title=A taxonomic revision of the genus Glaucium (Papaveraceae) in Iran|url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/318650|journal=Acta Bot. Croat.|volume=78|pages=57–65|doi=10.2478/botcro-2019-0003 |s2cid=92680053 |last1=Tavakkoli |first1=Zahra |last2=Assadi |first2=Mostafa |doi-access=free}}
= Phytochemistry =
Numerous alkaloids have been isolated from the plant, including norchelidonine, dihydrochelerythrine, 8-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine, protopine, allocryptopine, corypalmine, and tetrahydropalmatine.{{Cite journal|last1=el-Afifi|first1=Fatma|last2=al-Eisawi|first2=Dawud|date=1986|title=Alkaloids of Glaucium grandiflorum|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/np50048a055|journal=Journal of Natural Products|volume=49|issue=6|pages=1166|doi=10.1021/np50048a055 |via=pubs.acs.org}}
Taxonomy
Glaucium grandiflorum has two accepted infraspecific varieties:{{Cite web|last=World Plants|date=March 2014|title=Glaucium grandiflorum|url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/16718368|access-date=13 February 2022|website=Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist}}
- Glaucium grandiflorum var. haussknechtii (Bornm. & Fedde) A. Parsa
- Glaucium grandiflorum var. iranicum B. Mory
Distribution and habitat
Glaucium grandiflorum has a distribution from the Eastern Mediterranean to Iran.
Glaucium grandiflorum is found in disturbed habitats and shrub-steppes. It is found in the Irano-Turanian floristic region and is a glycophyte.{{Cite web|last=Danin|first=Avinoam|title=פרגה אדומה Glaucium grandiflorum Boiss. & A.Huet|url=https://flora.org.il/en/plants/GLAGRA/|access-date=12 February 2022|website=Flora of Israel Online}}
Gallery
File:Glaucium grandiflorum - Flickr - brewbooks.jpg
File:Glaucium sp. 05.JPG
File:OTGlaucium grandiflorum.jpg
File:Glaucium sp. 07.JPG
File:Glaucium sp. 06.JPG