Global Greens

The world's first green parties were founded in 1972. These were in the Australian state of Tasmania (the United Tasmania Group) and in New Zealand (the Values Party). Others followed quickly: in 1973, PEOPLE (later the Ecology Party) was set up in the UK, and in other European countries Green and radical parties sprang up in the following years.{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalgreens.org/who-we-are|title=WHO WE ARE|date=2011-04-20|website=Global Greens|language=en|access-date=2019-02-12|archive-date=2019-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707194906/https://www.globalgreens.org/who-we-are|url-status=dead}}

Petra Kelly, a German ecofeminist activist, is often cited as one of the first thinkers and leaders of the green politics movement. Her work in founding the German Green Party in West Germany in 1980 was instrumental in bringing prominence to green political parties on both the national and international stages.

The first Planetary Meeting of the Greens was held in Rio de Janeiro on May 30–31, 1992 in conjunction with the Rio Earth Summit being concurrently held in Brazil.{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalgreens.org/history/chronology/1992|title=Global Green Party History Chronology - 1992|date=2008-08-02|website=Global Greens|language=en|access-date=2019-02-12|archive-date=2019-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714182242/https://www.globalgreens.org/history/chronology/1992|url-status=dead}} It was here that the first ever Global Greens statement was issued, beginning with this preface:

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1982-0912-015, Petra Kelly.jpg , a German ecofeminist and green politics thinker who founded the German Green Party in 1980]]

"Experience teaches us that governments are only moved to take environmental problems seriously when people vote for environmental political parties."{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalgreens.org/statements/planetary-greens-rio-1992|title=Final Statement of the First Planetary Meeting of Greens in Rio de Janeiro, 31 May 1992|date=1992-05-31|website=Global Greens|language=en|access-date=2019-02-12|archive-date=2019-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429043953/https://www.globalgreens.org/statements/planetary-greens-rio-1992|url-status=dead}}

The first Global Greens Congress was held in Canberra, Australia, in 2001. The official Global Greens Charter was issued here, and the Congress delegates set up the framework and organizational structures that would build the Global Greens into an ongoing international network and movement, including the Global Greens Coordination. In 2010, the first Global Greens Secretary was appointed.

The Global Greens Charter is the guiding document that establishes the principles and "core values" to which member parties and associated organizations should attempt to adhere.{{cite web|url=http://www.globalgreens.org/globalcharter|title=Global Greens Charter|date=15 December 2007|work=globalgreens.org|access-date=15 October 2016|archive-date=14 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514172856/http://www.globalgreens.org/globalcharter|url-status=dead}} It sets out global principles that cross boundaries to bind Greens from around the world together:

1. Participatory democracy
2. Nonviolence
3. Social justice
4. Sustainability
5. Respect for Diversity
6. Ecological wisdom

Priorities outlined in the Charter include reforming the dominant economic model to include sustainable practices, combating climate change, eradicating the hunger crisis, advancing vibrant democracy, fostering peace, protecting biodiversity and striving toward universal human rights.

The Global Greens Charter has been reviewed and updated twice during Global Greens Congresses since its original publishing in 2001: once in Dakar, Senegal in 2012, Liverpool in 2017 and most recently South Korea in 2023. The updated 2023 version is offered in English, and past versions can be accessed in 11 various languages.{{Cite web |title=The Global Greens Charter |url=https://globalgreens.org/about/charter/ |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=Global Greens |language=en-US}}

The Global Greens are organized into four regional federations across the world:

• Asia Pacific Greens Federation
• European Green Party
• Federation of Green Parties of Africa
• Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas

The Global Greens Coordination (GGC) is the primary decision-making body of Global Greens and acts as the General Assembly of the association.{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalgreens.org/ggc|title=Global Greens Coordination|date=2009-05-28|website=Global Greens|language=en|access-date=2019-02-12}} The GGC consists of representatives nominated by each of the four regional federations, including up to three full representatives and three alternatives/substitutes from each federation. Specific members are selected as “lead” representatives and are to be a part of the Executive Committee–responsible for the operational management and administrative work of Global Greens between Congresses.

==Global Greens Congress==

The Global Greens have held five Congresses since 2001 in various locations around the world:

1. 2001 – Canberra, Australia
2. 2008 – São Paulo, Brazil
3. 2012 – Dakar, Senegal
4. 2017 – Liverpool, UK{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalgreens.org/previous-congresses|title=Previous congresses|date=2016-10-10|website=Global Greens|language=en|access-date=2019-02-12|archive-date=2019-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213005900/https://www.globalgreens.org/previous-congresses|url-status=dead}}
5. 2023 – Songdo, South Korea[https://globalgreens.org/korea-2023/ Global Greens website, Korea 2023]

The Global Greens strives to achieve regional diversity and representation, encouraging Congress locations to represent the wide geographical spread of the organization's member parties and organizations. The latest Global Greens Congress was held in 2023 and was hosted by the Green Party Korea.{{Cite web|title=Korea 2022|url=https://globalgreens.org/korea-2023/|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Global Greens|language=en-US}}

File:Green bloc at the Copenhagen climate demo FYEG (4186296292).jpg demonstration in Copenhagen, during the Climate Summit 2009.]]

The Global Greens have five networks designed to enable global collaboration, communication and community among member parties and organizations:

• Climate Working Group
• The Climate Working Group coordinates international efforts among Green parties to advance climate justice initiatives at the UNFCCC COPs.{{Cite web |url=https://globalgreens.org/global-action/climate/ |title=Global Climate Action |website=Global Greens |access-date=2025-04-30}}
• It promotes ambitious legislative proposals aligned with the Paris Agreement, such as those showcased at COP summits.{{Cite web |url=https://greens.org.au/magazine/january-2024/global-greens |title=Global Greens Magazine – January 2024 |website=Australian Greens |access-date=2025-04-30}}
• The group also documents and shares climate-focused policy work of Green parliamentarians.
• Biodiversity Working Group
• The Biodiversity Working Group was established following the Global Greens Congress in Korea to address issues related to the Convention on Biological Diversity. It brings together Greens globally to engage with biodiversity policy, particularly in coordination with the climate crisis.{{Cite web |url=https://greens.org.au/magazine/january-2024/global-greens |title=Global Greens Magazine – January 2024 |website=Australian Greens |access-date=2025-04-30}}
• Strengthening Democracy Network
• The Strengthening Democracy Network connects Green parties worldwide with the aim of supporting democratic systems, civic engagement, and the empowerment of communities.{{Cite web |url=https://globalgreens.org/global-action/democracy/ |title=Global Action: Democracy |website=Global Greens |access-date=2025-04-30}}
• Global Greens Women's Network
• This network supports the participation of Green women worldwide in democratic political processes, by focusing on:
• #"Capacity building and empowerment: training and developing skills, such as public speaking and leadership;
• #Governance and participation: confronting inequalities at the organizational level and exchanging best practices to tackle them and promote participation;
• #Campaigning about major topics relevant to women: such as gender justice and climate change, and;
• #Carrying out formal functions as part of global Greens governance: e.g. nominating women to the Asia-Pacific Greens Federation (APGF) Council."{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalgreens.org/networks/women|title=Women's Network (GGWN)|date=2016-01-29|website=Global Greens|language=en|access-date=2019-02-12}}
• Global Young Greens
• This network is a "youth-led organization supporting and uniting the efforts of young people from a green-alternative spectrum around the world. It works towards (1) ecological sustainability, (2) social justice, (3) grassroots democracy and (4) peace."{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalgreens.org/networks/young|title=Global Young Greens (GYG)|date=2016-01-29|website=Global Greens|language=en|access-date=2019-02-12}}

The Global Greens Coordination appointed Christine Milne AO as the first Global Greens Ambassador in 2015. Milne was appointed as Global Greens Ambassador in recognition of her considerable expertise in climate change and as an elected member of state and federal parliaments, including as Leader of the Australian Greens.

[[File:Parties of the Global Greens.svg|thumb|

{{Legend|#13a313|At least one full member party supports or participates in national government.}}

{{Legend|#1be41b|At least one full member party is present in the national legislature.}}

{{Legend|#5cec5c|At least one full member party is present.}}

{{Legend|#9df49d|At least one associate member party is present.}}]]

File:Lovejoy, Silva, and Schneider.jpg with Thomas Lovejoy and Stephen Schneider in April 2010]]

Affiliated members in North, Central and South America form the Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas.{{Cite web |title=GG Member |url=https://globalgreens.org/member-parties/ |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=Global Greens |language=en-US}}

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||{{CAN}}||Green Party of Canada/Parti vert du Canada||Non-official party House of Commons: (1). ||{{partial|}} Provincial: British Columbia (2 members), New Brunswick (2), Ontario (2), Prince Edward Island (3). Municipal: Vancouver City Council (2).||

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||{{CHL}}||Partido Ecologista Verde de Chile||{{no2}} in opposition||{{no2}} Two seats on regional boards.||One seat in the Chamber of Deputies.

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||{{COL}}||Alianza Verde|| {{partial|}} Junior party in coalition || {{partial|}} Claudia López Hernández, a green, is mayor of Bogota. The party also has 3 regional governors and several mayors.||

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||{{DOM}}||Partido Verde Dominicano

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||{{GUA}}||Movimiento Verde

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||{{MEX}}||Partido Ecologista Verde de México||{{partial|}} Supporting coalition ||{{partial|}} Represented in several regional parliaments||The party is criticized for its alleged corruption.Tim Johnson, [http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/world/article24731080.html For Mexico's Ecologist Green Party, 'green' mostly means money, not environment], McClatchy Newspapers (June 18, 2012).

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||{{PER}}||Partido Verde Peru|| || ||

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||{{VEN}}||Movimiento Ecológico de Venezuela||Extraparliamentary opposition||

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|}

The Green Party of the United States, while previously a full member, is no longer associated with the Global Greens.{{cite news |last1=Niranjan |first1=Ajit |title=European Greens ask Jill Stein to stand down and endorse Kamala Harris |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/nov/01/european-greens-ask-jill-stein-to-stand-down-and-endorse-kamala-harris |access-date=1 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |date=1 November 2024}}

File:Bob Brown at 2008 climate change rally DSC 6368.JPG at a climate change rally in Melbourne on 5 July 2008|alt=|197x197px]]

Affiliated members in Asia, Pacific and Oceania form the Asia Pacific Greens Federation.{{Cite web|date=2013-09-12|title=Members of APGF|url=https://www.asiapacificgreens.org/members-apgf|access-date=2020-09-25|website=Asia Pacific Greens|language=en}}

File:James Shaw Aro candidates meeting crop.JPG, Minister for Climate Change (New Zealand), 2019. ]]

|Formerly in coalition in Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory.

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||{{BGD}} || Green Party of Bangladesh || Extraparliamentary opposition || rowspan="4" | Unknown

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| rowspan="2"|{{IND}} || [https://indiagreensparty.org/ India Greens Party]|| Extraparliamentary opposition

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| Uttarakhand Parivartan Party (UKPP) || Extraparliamentary opposition

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||{{IRQ}} || Green Party of Iraq || Extraparliamentary opposition

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||{{JPN}} || Greens Japan || Extraparliamentary opposition || {{yes2}} Kazumi Inamura, a green, is mayor of Amagasaki

|

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||{{KOR}} || Green Party of Korea || Extraparliamentary opposition || rowspan="3" | Unknown

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||{{LBN}} || Green Party of Lebanon || Extraparliamentary opposition

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||{{MNG}} || Mongolian Green Party || Extraparliamentary opposition

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||{{NPL}} || Hariyo Party ||

Extraparliamentary opposition

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|

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||{{NZL}} || Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand || {{no2}} In opposition || The party endorsed the current mayor of Wellington Tory Whanau, and is represented on local councils in its own right in Wellington, Dunedin, and Palmerston North, and in Auckland through the City Vision joint ticket. || Formerly in coalition/Cooperation agreement/Confidence and supply in New Zealand from 1999–2002, 2005–2008, 2017–2023

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||{{PAK}} || Pakistan Green Party || Unknown || Unknown

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|rowspan="2" |{{ROC-TW}} || Green Party Taiwan || Extraparliamentary opposition ||{{no2}} Represented in Hsinchu County{{cite web|url=http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/1170215|title=18年來首次！綠黨攻下兩席市議員 – 政治 – 自由時報電子報|work=ltn.com.tw|date=30 November 2014|access-date=15 October 2016 |author1=自由時報電子報 }}

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| Trees Party || Extraparliamentary opposition ||

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|}

File:Wangari Maathai no Brasil.jpg, Kenya.|alt=]]

File:Frank Habineza 2016-12-08.jpg, Leader of the African Greens Federation since 2008. ]]

Affiliated parties in Africa form the Federation of Green Parties of Africa.

Affiliated members in Europe form the European Green Party.

File:Femke Halsema 2.jpg, 2010; mayor of Amsterdam since 2018]]

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| rowspan="2"|{{BEL}} || Ecolo || {{no2}} In opposition || {{partial|}} Senior party in coalition in Wallonia and Brussels-Capital Region || {{no2}} In opposition || rowspan=2| Form one Parliamentary group in the Federal Parliament

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| Groen || {{no2}} In opposition || {{no2}} In opposition in Flanders || {{no2}} In opposition

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||{{BGR}} || Zelena Partija || Extraparliamentary opposition || rowspan="3" | Unknown || Extraparliamentary opposition || rowspan="2" |

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||{{CYP}} || Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation || {{no2}} In opposition || Extraparliamentary opposition

|-

||{{CZE}} || Strana zelených || Extraparliamentary opposition || Extraparliamentary opposition || In coalition 2006–10

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||{{EST}} || Estonian Greens || Extraparliamentary opposition || {{no2}}2 local government seats out of the nationwide 1717, both in Antsla.|| Extraparliamentary opposition ||

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||{{FIN}} || Vihreä liitto/Gröna förbundet/Ruoná lihttu || {{no2}} In opposition || {{no2}} Represented in several municipalities. It has the second largest group of councillors in Helsinki || {{no2}} In opposition || In coalition 1995–2003, 2007–2014, 2019-2023

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||{{FRA}} || Europe Écologie–Les Verts || {{no2}} In opposition || {{yes2}} Senior coalition partner in Grenoble, Lyon, Bordeaux, Strasbourg, Marseille and Besançon. Also in coalition in Occitanie, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Centre-Val de Loire and Paris, Nantes, Rennes. || {{no2}} In opposition || In coalition 1997–2002, 2012–14, represented in parliament 1997-2017

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||{{GEO}} || Sakartvelo's Mtsvaneta Partia/Green Party of Georgia || Unknown || Unknown || Not an EU member ||

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||{{DEU}} || Bündnis '90/Die Grünen || {{no2}} In opposition || {{yes2}} Senior coalition partner in the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg, also junior coalition party in 10 of 16 states. Senior coalition partner in the cities of Stuttgart, Darmstadt, Freiburg im Breisgau and Heidelberg|| {{no2}} In opposition || in coalition 1998–2005

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||{{GRC}} || Ecologoi Prasinoi/Ecologist Greens || Extraparliamentary opposition || {{no2}} Represented in 4/13 Regional Councils|| Extraparliamentary opposition || rowspan="2" |

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||{{HUN}} || Lehet Más a Politika || {{no2}} In opposition || {{no2}} 54 seats in local city councils || {{no2}} In opposition

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||{{IRL}}
{{GBR}} (NI) || Green Party/Comhaontas Glas ||{{no2}} In opposition || {{no2}} 44 councillors in ROI local government, 7 in NI local government || 2 MEPs || In coalition in ROI 2007–2011, 2020–present

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| rowspan="2"|{{ITA}} || Green Europe || {{no2}} In opposition || {{partial|}} Junior member of the governing coalition in Emilia-Romagna, Campania and Sardinia || Extraparliamentary opposition ||

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| Verdi–Grüne–Vërc || Extraparliamentary opposition || {{no2}} The party has 3 members in the Landtag of South Tyrol. || Extraparliamentary opposition || Part of the Federazione dei Verdi before 2013

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||{{LUX}} || Déi Gréng || {{no2}} In opposition || {{yes2}} Christiane Brassel-Rausch, a green, is mayor of Differdange || {{no2}} In opposition || rowspan="12" |

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||{{MLT}} || AD+PD || Extraparliamentary opposition || ||Extraparliamentary opposition

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||{{MDA}} || Partidul Ecologist "Alianța Verde" din Moldova || Unknown || Unknown || Not an EU member

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||{{NLD}} || De Groenen || Extraparliamentary opposition || {{no2}} 1 of 26 seats in the water board of Amstel, Gooi en Vecht || Extraparliamentary opposition

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||{{NLD}} || GroenLinks || {{no2}} In opposition || {{partial|}} Senior coalition partner in North Holland, Groningen and Utrecht; junior partner in five other provinces. It is represented in most municipalities, it has the largest group of councillors in Nijmegen, Utrecht, Groningen and Amsterdam and is the senior government party there. It has 9 of 316 mayors,{{Cite web|url=https://www.politiekeambtsdragers.nl/publicaties/publicaties/2022/05/04/landelijk-overzicht-burgemeestersposten-kroonbenoemde-burgemeesters-kopie|title=Landelijk overzicht burgemeestersposten (Kroonbenoemde burgemeesters)|language=nl|date=May 4, 2022|website=Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations}} including Femke Halsema of Amsterdam. || {{no2}} In opposition

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||{{NMK}} ||Demokratska Obnova na Makedonija || {{no2}} In opposition || Unknown || Not an EU member

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||{{NOR}} || Miljøpartiet De Grønne || {{no2}} In opposition || {{partial|}} Represented in the larger cities || {{no2}} In opposition

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||{{POL}} || Partia Zieloni || {{yes2}} Junior party in coalition || {{no2}} Represented in the regional parliaments of Silesia and West Pomerania, and the city councils of Warsaw and Opole || Extraparliamentary opposition

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||{{PRT}} || Partido Ecologista Os Verdes || Extraparliamentary opposition || {{partial|}} in coalition in some municipalities (with Portuguese Communist Party) || Extraparliamentary opposition

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||{{ROU}} || Green Party of Romania || Extraparliamentary opposition || 2 mayor, 5 deputy-mayor, 117 local council member || Extraparliamentary opposition

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||{{RUS}} || Zelenaya Alternativa (GROZA) || Unknown

|Unknown|| Not an EU member

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||{{SCO}} || Scottish Green Party || {{no2}} In opposition || {{no2}} The party has 35 councillors across Scotland most notably 10 in Edinburgh and 11 in Glasgow

|| Not an EU member

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||{{SVK}} || Strana Zelených || Extraparliamentary opposition || rowspan="2" | Unknown || Extraparliamentary opposition || Represented in parliament between 1990 and 2002

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||{{SVN}} || Stranka mladih Slovenije/Youth Party of Slovenia || Extraparliamentary opposition || Extraparliamentary opposition || rowspan="4" |

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||{{ESP}} || Equo || {{yes2}} Junior party in coalition || {{no2}} In coalition in Madrid, Valencia and Barcelona || {{no2}} In opposition. Inside Sumar coalition

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||{{ESP}} {{Flag|Catalonia}} || Esquerra Verda || {{yes2}} Junior party in coalition || {{no2}} In coalition in Barcelona || {{no2}} In opposition. Inside Sumar coalition

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||{{SWE}} || Miljöpartiet de Gröna || {{no2}} In opposition || {{no2}} Represented in 168 of 290 municipalities, especially those in urban areas. || {{no2}} In opposition

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||{{SUI}} || Green Party of Switzerland || {{no2}} In opposition || {{partial|}} Junior party in coalition cabinet in 7 cantons. Also in coalition in Bern, Geneva, Zurich, or Basel-City. || Not an EU member

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||{{TUR}} || Green Left Party || Extraparliamentary opposition || Unknown || Not an EU member || The party works inside HDP

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||{{UKR}} || Partija Zelenych Ukrajiny/Party of Greens of Ukraine || Extraparliamentary opposition || Unknown || Not an EU member

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||{{GBR}} ({{flag icon|ENG}}{{flag icon|WAL}}England and Wales) || Green Party of England and Wales || {{no2}} The party is represented in parliament by four MPs and two life peers || {{partial|}} The party has 766 councillors in English and Welsh councils, and has majority control in Mid Suffolk, as well as being in coalition in several other councils. It also has 3 London AMs || Not an EU member || The party dominated the Brighton and Hove City Council between 2011 and 2015.

|}

File:Tim Jackson, 2017 (cropped).jpg, author of Prosperity Without Growth.]]

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||{{LKA}} || Sri Lanka Green Alliance || Extraparliamentary opposition

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