Global Witness

{{Short description|International non-governmental organisation}}

{{Infobox organization

| name = Global Witness

| logo = Global Witness Logo 2025.png

| type = Non-profit
NGO

| founded = 15 November 1993, London

| location = London, Washington, D.C. and Brussels

| founder = {{ubl|Patrick Alley|Charmian Gooch|Simon Taylor}}

| focus = Climate change, environmental and human rights abuses.

| website = {{URL|https://globalwitness.org/}}

}}

Global Witness is an international NGO that investigates environmental and human rights abuses. The organisation campaigns for greater representation of people affected by the climate crisis in climate decision-making. They have offices in London, Washington, D.C. and Brussels.

Profile

The organisation explores how diamonds and other natural resources can fund conflict or fuel corruption. It carries out investigations into the involvement of specific individuals and business entities in activities such as illegal and unsustainable forest exploitation, and corruption in oil, gas and mining industries.{{Cite web |title=Global Witness quits Kimberley Process as Zimbabwe 'blood diamonds' exported |url=https://theecologist.org/2011/dec/06/global-witness-quits-kimberley-process-zimbabwe-blood-diamonds-exported |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=theecologist.org |date=6 December 2011 |language=en}}

Projects

Global Witness has worked on diamonds, oil, timber, cocoa, gas, gold and other minerals. It has undertaken investigations and case studies in Cambodia, Angola, Liberia, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Kazakhstan, Burma, Indonesia, Zimbabwe, Turkmenistan and Ivory Coast. It has also helped to set up international initiatives such as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative,{{cite web|url=http://eiti.org/supporters/civilsociety%7ctitle=Stakeholders%7cwork=eiti.org|title=Stakeholders|work=eiti.org|access-date=2015-06-24|archive-date=2015-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624164153/https://eiti.org/supporters/civilsociety%7ctitle=Stakeholders%7cwork=eiti.org|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://eiti.org/blog/first-session |title=EITI Blog: The first session |date=3 March 2011 |work=eiti.org |access-date=4 October 2020}} the Kimberley Process,{{cite web |last1=Cauvin |first1=Henri E. |title=Plan Backed to End Diamond Trade That Fuels War |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/30/world/plan-backed-to-end-diamond-trade-that-fuels-war.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=12 January 2020 |date=30 Nov 2001 |quote=This week's final round of talks, here in the capital of this peaceful mining country, were the culmination of negotiations that began in May 2000 in Kimberley, South Africa, and have come to be called the Kimberley Process.}}{{cite web |url=http://www.kimberleyprocess.com/structure/working_group_en.html |title=Working Groups |website=Kimberley Process |access-date=2020-01-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216222451/http://www.kimberleyprocess.com/structure/working_group_en.html |archive-date=2009-12-16 |quote=The Kimberley Process (KP) unites administrations, civil societies, and industry in reducing the flow of conflict diamonds - ‘rough diamonds used to finance wars against governments' - around the world. }} and the Publish What You Pay coalition.{{cite web |title=About |url=https://www.pwyp.org/about/ |website=Publish What You Pay |access-date=12 January 2020 |quote=With more than 700 member organisations and 50 national coalitions, we campaign for an open and accountable extractive sector.}} (Global Witness withdrew from the Kimberley Process in 2011, saying it is no longer working.{{cite web |last1=Eligon |first1=John |title=Global Witness Quits Group on 'Blood Diamonds' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/06/world/africa/global-witness-quits-group-on-blood-diamonds.html |website=NY Times |access-date=12 January 2020 |date=5 December 2011}})

The organisation campaigns to protect human rights defenders targeted because of their work to prevent natural resource exploitation. An investigation by Global Witness in April 2014 revealed there were nearly three times as many environmental defenders killed in 2012 than 10 years previously. Global Witness documented 147 deaths in 2012, compared to 51 in 2002. In Brazil, 448 activists defending natural resources were killed between 2002 and 2013, in Honduras 109, Peru 58, the Philippines 67, and Thailand 16. Many of those facing threats are ordinary people opposing land grabs, mining operations and the industrial timber trade, often forced from their homes and severely threatened by environmental devastation. Others have been killed for protests over hydroelectric dams, pollution and wildlife conservation.{{cite web |date=14 April 2014 |title=Surge in deaths of environmental activists over past decade, report finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/apr/15/surge-deaths-environmental-activists-global-witness-report |work=The Guardian}} By 2019, Global Witness were documenting 212 such deaths in the year.

= Cambodia =

Global Witness's first campaign was in Cambodia in the 1990s where the Khmer Rouge was smuggling timber into Thailand. The Observer newspaper attributed the cessation to Global Witness's "detailed and accurate reporting".{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2000/mar/26/life1.lifemagazine7 |title=Last outpost of the Khmer Rouge |quote=...lawless mining town of Pailin. John Sweeney visits the town and discovers corruption... Global Witness closed down the illegal logging trade between western Cambodia, the area around Pailin controlled by the KR, and Thailand, thanks to its detailed and accurate reporting. |work=Observer Newspaper, "Going Underground" |author=John Sweeney |date=26 March 2000}}

After a report implicating relatives of Prime Minister Hun Sen and other senior government officials, the prime minister's brother, Hun Neng, a provincial governor, was quoted in a Cambodian newspaper as saying if anyone from Global Witness returned to Cambodia, he would "hit them until their heads are broken."{{cite web |publisher=Reporters Without Borders |title=The dangers for journalists who expose environmental issues |date=September 2009 |page=2 |url=http://www.rsf.org/IMG/rapport_en_md.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331092550/http://www.rsf.org/IMG/rapport_en_md.pdf |archive-date=2010-03-31 }}

= Conflict diamonds and Sierra Leone =

As part of its campaign against conflict diamonds, Global Witness helped establish the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KCPS). The international governmental certification scheme was set up to stop to trade in blood diamonds, requiring governments to certify that shipments of rough diamonds are conflict-free.{{cite web|url=http://www.globalwitness.org/campaigns/conflict/conflict-diamonds/kimberley-process|title=The Kimberley Process|work=globalwitness.org |date= 1 April 2013 |access-date= 3 October 2020}} Like many other Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, Sierra Leone is endowed with oil and mineral resources amid social inequality, high prevalence of poverty, and conflict.Omeje, K., eds. Extractive Economies and Conflicts in the Global South Multi Regional Perspectives on Rentier Politics. Hampshire/Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2008.

On 19 July 2000, the World Diamond Congress adopted at Antwerp a resolution to reinforce the diamond industry's ability to block sales of conflict diamonds.{{cite web|url=http://www.diamondfacts.org/ |title=World Diamond Council website |work=DiamondFacts.org |access-date=20 February 2012}} Thereafter, with growing international pressure from Global Witness and other NGOs, meetings were hosted with diamond-producing countries over three years, concluding in the establishment of an international diamond certification scheme in January 2003. The certification system on the export and import of diamonds, known as the KCPS, was called by the resolution, imposing legislation in all countries to accept shipment of only officially sealed packages of diamonds accompanied by a KP certificate guaranteeing that they were conflict-free. Anyone found trafficking conflict diamonds will be indicted of criminal charges, while bans were to be imposed on individuals found trading those stones from diamond bourses under the World Federation of Diamond Bourses.

= Oil, gas, and mining =

Global Witness helped establish the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), which was announced by then UK Prime Minister Tony Blair at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in September 2002 and formally endorsed by the World Bank in December 2003. The EITI is a result of the efforts of the PWYP campaigners. It is now supported by a majority of the world's oil, mining and gas companies and institutional investors, in total worth US$8.3 trillion.{{cite web|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20143509~menuPK:34463~pagePK:64003015~piPK:64003012~theSitePK:4607,00.html|title=News & Broadcast - WBG Endorses Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative|work=worldbank.org|access-date=2007-07-17|archive-date=2007-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220095927/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20143509~menuPK:34463~pagePK:64003015~piPK:64003012~theSitePK:4607,00.html|url-status=dead}} Global Witness is a member of the EITI International Advisory Group and sits on the EITI board.

= Forests =

On UN efforts to broker a deal on "Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation" (REDD) Global Witness said: "REDD carries considerable risks for forests and local communities and will only succeed if civil society is engaged as an independent watchdog to ensure that the money is used in accordance with national laws and international guidelines."{{cite web|url=http://news.mongabay.com/2010/0603-hance_corruption_redd.html|title=Corruption could undermine REDD|work=Mongabay |date= 3 June 2010 |access-date= 4 October 2020}}

Recent

= Anonymous companies =

Global Witness campaigns against anonymous companies and for registers of beneficial ownership. Anonymous companies are a legal business practice but can be used for purposes such as laundering money from criminal activity, financing terrorism, or evading taxes.{{cite magazine |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2014-10/17/charmian-gooch |title=Charmian Gooch: anonymous company ownership is fuelling corruption |magazine=Wired |date=17 October 2014 |access-date=2017-08-29 |archive-date=2016-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507172554/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2014-10/17/charmian-gooch |url-status=dead }}

= Banks =

Global Witness is on the Coordinating Committee of Taskforce on Financial Integrity and Economic Development, and is a member of BankTrack, and the UNCAC Coalition of Civil Society Organisations. In May 2009, Global Witness employee, Anthea Lawson, testified before the U.S. House Financial Services Committee on "Capital Loss, Corruption and the Role of Western Financial Institutions".{{cite web |title=Committee on Financial Services, US House of Representatives, 111th Congress, First Session |date=19 May 2009 |url=http://www.house.gov/apps/list/hearing/financialsvcs_dem/111-34.pdf |access-date=29 September 2010 |archive-date=20 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220085656/http://www.house.gov/apps/list/hearing/financialsvcs_dem/111-34.pdf |url-status=dead }}

=Malaysia=

Global Witness exposed corruption in land deals within the administration of Taib Mahmud, the chief minister of the state of Sarawak in Malaysia through the video titled "Inside Malaysia's Shadow State."{{cite web|url=http://www.globalwitness.org/insideshadowstate/ |title=Inside Malaysia's Shadow State |work=Global Witness |date=19 March 2013 |access-date=20 March 2013}} The video featured footage of conversations with relatives of Taib and their lawyer where Global Witness agents posed as potential investors.{{cite news|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/3/19/nation/20130319225808&sec=nation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322065541/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2013%2F3%2F19%2Fnation%2F20130319225808&sec=nation|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-03-22|title=Taib denies cousins his land brokers, says he goes by government procedures|date=19 March 2013|work=The Star Online|access-date=20 March 2013}}

===2020: 227 environmental activists killed worldwide===

In 2019, Global Witness recorded the murders of 212 environmental activists, making it the worst year since this recording process began, in 2012.{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/science-environment-54165868 |title=Environment activists: 'I got death and rape threats' |date=17 September 2020 |work=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date= 17 September 2020}} This was up from the number of 197 killed in 2018.{{cite web |url=https://www.globalwitness.org/en/blog/new-data-reveals-197-land-and-environmental-defenders-murdered-2017/ |title=New data reveals 197 land and environmental defenders murdered in 2017 |date=2 February 2018 |work=www.globalwitness.org |access-date=17 September 2020}} 2020 saw a further rise in cases, with 227 killed.{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-58508001 |title=Record number of environmental activists murdered |date=13 September 2021 |work=bbc.co.uk |access-date=30 September 2021}}

Honors and awards

Winner of the Gleitsman Foundation prize for international activism (2005){{cite web |url=http://www.gleitsman.org/intHonoree.html |title=2005 International Activist Award Honorees |work=gleitsman.org |date=October 2008 |access-date=2008-09-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081018181909/http://www.gleitsman.org/intHonoree.html |archive-date=2008-10-18 }}
Winner of the Center for Global Development/Foreign Policy Magazine Commitment to Development Ideas in Action Award (2007)
Recipient of the Allard Prize for International Integrity (2013 Honourable Mention){{cite web|title=Global Witness 2013 Honourable Mention|url=http://www.allardprize.org/recipient-and-honourable-mentions/global-witness|website=Allard Prize for International Integrity|publisher=Peter A. Allard School of Law at the University of British Columbia|access-date=27 March 2016}}
Winner of the Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship 2014{{cite web|url=http://www.skollfoundation.org/the-skoll-foundation-announces-seven-2014-skoll-awards-for-social-entrepreneurship/|title=The Skoll Foundation Announces Seven 2014 Skoll Awards for Social Entrepreneurship (search year 2014)|work=skollfoundation.org|access-date=30 September 2021|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207014539/https://skoll.org/community/awardees/?qissue=0&qregion=0&qyear=2014|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/skoll-foundation-announces-seven-2014-050000420.html |title=The Skoll Foundation Announces Seven 2014 Skoll Awards for Social Entrepreneurship |date=5 March 2014 |work=finance.yahoo.com |access-date=4 October 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://skoll.org/organization/global-witness/ |title=Global Witness -see video |work=skoll.org |access-date=18 September 2020}}
Co-winner of the Sheila McKechnie Foundation's 2021 David and Goliath Award, for the successful campaign to stop the UK Government's multi-billion financing for fossil fuels overseas. Global Witness campaigner Adam McGibbon coordinated the campaign.{{Cite web|title=UK Overseas Fossil Fuels Campaign > Sheila McKechnie Foundation|url=https://smk.org.uk/awards_nominations/ukoverseasfossilfuelscampaign/|access-date=2021-09-26|website=Sheila McKechnie Foundation|language=en-GB}}{{Cite web|last=Corr|first=Shauna|date=2021-05-13|title=Belfast man wins award for convincing UK Government to stop funding fossil fuels|url=https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/belfast-news/belfast-man-who-convinced-uk-20592819|access-date=2021-09-26|website=BelfastLive|language=en}}

Income

The majority of Global Witness funding comes from grants made by foundations, governments, and charities.{{cite web|url=http://www.globalwitness.org/pages/en/our_funders.html|title=Our supporters|work=globalwitness.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902185631/http://www.globalwitness.org/pages/en/our_funders.html|archive-date=2010-09-02}} One of their main benefactors is the Open Society Institute, which also funds Human Rights Watch.{{cite web |url=http://www.soros.org/ |title=Open Society Foundations |work=soros.org |access-date=18 September 2020}} Global Witness also receives money from the Norwegian and British governments, the Adessium Foundation,{{cite web|url=http://www.adessium.org/|title=Adessium|work=adessium.org |access-date=18 September 2020}} and Oxfam Novib.

In the UK, Global Witness Trust is a registered charity supporting the work of Global Witness.{{EW charity|1117844|Global Witness Trust}}