Glossary of Brazil investigative terms#CPP

This glossary contains Brazilian terms related to criminal or corruption investigations, and supporting concepts from politics, the law, government, criminology, and law enforcement.

This glossary is not a general or indiscriminate list of terms from Brazilian Portuguese, and is limited in scope. Because this is a specialized glossary, the first meaning(s) listed for a term will be the one(s) related to topics within the scope of this glossary, even if that is not the most common meaning in the spoken or written language for the term in a more general context.

Words which present no particular issues of translation or understanding, such as {{lang|pt|governador}} ("governor"), {{lang|pt|investigação}} ("investigation"), {{lang|pt|operação}} ("operation") are generally not included. Words which may appear to be obvious on the surface, but which have specialized meanings in certain contexts, are included (e.g., {{gli|prisão}}: not just "prison", but also "arrest"; or {{gli|recurso}}: not just "resource", but also "appeal", "appellate"). Common expressions for governmental agencies or positions are included for convenience ({{gli|Supremo Tribunal Federal}}), even if the translations are straightforward, as they come up frequently in definitions of less obvious terms.

There is one alphabetical list, with headwords in Portuguese or English, and aliases, translations, or explanations given as appropriate. This glossary concerns meaning and usage in Brazilian Portuguese. To avoid constant repetition, where the word Portuguese appears alone, it means Brazilian Portuguese.

A

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see also {{gli|corrupção ativa}}}}}}

The act of offering a corrupt payment or service. See {{gli|corrupção ativa}}.}}

{{term |Acordo de leniência |{{lang|pt|Acordo de leniência}} {{anchor|Acordo de leniencia}} }}

{{defn |

{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see :pt:Acordo de leniência; also Leniency agreement}}}}

a leniency agreement between a company and legal authorities. It's an agreement a company enters into with law authorities, to reduce their exposure to fines for criminal activity in exchange for something; typically an agreement to assist in investigations. Part of the {{gli|Anti-Corruption Act}}.{{cite web |author=Hogan Lovells |title=Brazil's new guidelines for leniency agreements in corruption investigations |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=2a332fcd-7345-4361-8600-d07af62abbe4 |date=15 September 2017 |website=Lexology |publisher=Law Business Research |accessdate=20 January 2020}}{{cite web |language=pt |author=Da redação |title=Odebrecht negocia maior acordo de leniência do mundo |trans-title=Odebrecht negotiates biggest leniency agreement in the world |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/odebrecht-negocia-maior-acordo-de-leniencia-do-mundo/ |date=8 November 2016 |website=Veja |publisher=Editora Abril |accessdate=20 January 2020}} Chapter 5 of the Anti-corruption Act provides the legal underpinning for companies to enter into leniency agreements with the authorities.{{cite book |author=Lobo & Ibeas |title=Brazilian Anti-Corruption Act (Federal Law 12,846/2013) |url=http://www.loboeibeas.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Anti-Corruption-Act.pdf |chapter=V Leniency Agreement |page=11 |date=1 August 2013 |publisher=Lobo & Ibeas Attorneys}} (bilingual pt/en)

{{br}}Similar to {{gli|delação premiada}} in its plea bargaining aspect, but a leniency accord deals with a company's assets not its employees.

See also {{gli|Odebrecht leniency agreement}} (Odebrecht–Car Wash leniency agreement).}}

{{term|Anti-Corruption Act |Anti-Corruption Act {{anchor|AntiCorruption Act|Anti-Corruption Act|anti-Corruption act|anti-corruption Act|Anticorruption act|Brazilian Anti-Corruption Act|Brazilian Anti-corruption Act|Clean Company Act|Law 12.846/2013}} }}

{{defn |

{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see Brazilian Anti-Corruption Act }}}}

a law enacted in 2014 targeting corrupt practices (:pt:Lei anticorrupção (Brasil)) among business entities doing business in Brazil. It defines civil and administrative penalties, as well as the possibility of reductions in penalties for cooperation with law enforcement under a written {{gli|acordo de leniência}} (Leniency agreement). See #Lei anticorrupção (Brasil). Aliases: Clean Company Act; Law no. 12.846/2013}}

{{term|Apartamento funcional |{{lang|pt|Apartamento funcional}} {{anchor|Apartamento funcional|apartamento funcional|Apartamentos funcionais|apartamentos funcionais}} }}

{{defn|

Executive apartment set aside in the capital, Brasília, by the government for the use of members of the {{gli|Chamber of Deputies}} while they are in the capital, typically half the week.{{cite web |language=pt |author=R7 |title=Conheça os novos apartamentos onde os deputados moram em Brasília |trans-title=Get to know the new apartments where deputies live in Brasilia |url=https://noticias.r7.com/brasil/fotos/conheca-os-novos-apartamentos-onde-os-deputados-moram-em-brasilia-01122014#!/foto/1 |date=5 November 2012 |website=R7 |accessdate=26 January 2020}}{{cite web |language=pt |last=Amorim |first=Diego |title=Por que os deputados precisam de apartamento funcional? |trans-title=Why do deputies need an executive apartment? |url=https://www.oantagonista.com/brasil/por-que-os-deputados-precisam-de-apartamento-funcional/ |date=5 July 2018 |website=O Antagnista |publisher=Mare Clausum Publicações |accessdate=26 January 2020}}}}

{{term|Atibaia |{{lang|pt|Atibaia}} {{anchor|Atibaia}} }}

{{defn|See {{gli|sítio de Atibaia}}. }}

{{term|Autor |{{lang|pt|Autor}} {{anchor|Autor|parte autora|querelante}}{{efn|name=MTFAIL}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see also: {{gli|querelante}}, {{gli|réu}}}}}}}}

{{defn|no=1|

plaintiff or claimant in a civil suit.

{{br}}Syn: {{gli|querelante}}. See also {{gli|réu}}.

{{br}}Expressions: {{lang|pt|parte autora}}: plaintiff ("complaining party")}}

{{defn|no=2|In other contexts: in the more common, non-legal sense, just like "author" in English.}}

B

{{defn |

{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see also :pt:Custo Brasil}}}}

the increased cost of doing business in Brazil based on in-country factors, such as administrative corruption, excessive bureaurocracy, dysfunctions in import-export operations, inefficiency in public services, and others. The concept derives from the more general one of "country cost"; see the article, Ease of doing business index.}}

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see {{gli|setor propina}}}}}}

An English rendering sometimes used for the Brazilian slang term {{gli|setor propina}} for a department at Odebrecht S.A.}}

C

{{term|term=Caixa dois |content=Caixa dois {{anchor|caixa 2}} }}

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see also: Slush fund}}}}

a slush fund. Literally, "cashbox two", this is a repository of unrecorded funds not reported to the appropriate tax authorities, and typically used as a slush fund for {{gli|bribery}} or {{gli|money laundering}} operations.}}

{{term|Código de Processo Penal|{{lang|pt|Código de Processo Penal}} {{anchor|Código de Processo Penal|Codigo de Processo Penal|código de Processo Penal|codigo de Processo Penal}}}}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|see :pt:Código de Processo Penal; Penal Code of Brazil}}}}

the Penal Procedure Code of Brazil. The set of laws designed to regulate Brazil's criminal proceedings. It is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the {{gli|união|Federal Government}}, through the {{gli|National Congress}} to legislate on criminal procedure. Usually abbreviated {{gli|CPP}} in Portuguese.}}

{{term|term=Colaboração premiada |content={{lang|pt|Colaboração premiada}}{{thin space}}{{efn|name=MTFAIL}} {{anchor|colaboração premiada|Colaboracao premiada|colaboracao premiada}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see also: {{gli|colaboração premiada}}, {{gli|delação premiada}}}}}}

Literally: "{{gli|rewarded collaboration}}"; a type of plea bargain; it is the common name for the legal term {{gli|delação premiada}}. Established in the {{gli|Anti-corruption Act}} in 2014.{{cite web |author= |title=The Role of Plea Bargains in the Fight Against Corruption: A Presentation by Brazil's Attorney General, Rodrigo Janot |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/the-role-plea-bargains-the-fight-against-corruption-presentation-brazils-attorney-general |website=Brazil Institute |publisher=Wilson Center |date=2017-07-20 |accessdate=20 January 2020 |quote=In Brazilian law, plea bargains are a means of obtaining proof, not proof in themselves.{{br}}No direito brasileiro, a colaboração premiada é meio de obtenção de prova, e não meio de prova.—Attorney General Rodrigo Janot}}

See the Usage note at {{gli|delação premiada}}.}}

{{term|Concussão|{{lang|pt|Concussão}} {{anchor|concussão|Concussao|concussao}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|see pt:Concussão}}}}

the act of demanding improper advantage ({{gli|vantagem indevida}} for oneself or others, directly or indirectly, by someone in public office, either during their term or before or afterward if related to their function while in office. {{gli|Penal code}} Article 316. One of several crimes that are considered a "{{gli|Crime contra a administração pública|crime against public administration}}". }}

{{term|term=Condução coercitiva |content=Condução coercitiva{{thin space}}{{efn|name="MTFAIL"}} {{anchor|Conducao coercitiva|condução coercitiva|conducao coercitiva}} }}

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see also: :pt:Condução coercitiva}}}}

A compulsory order to appear, to assist in an investigative or judicial proceeding, either as a victim, a witness, an expert, and so on. Not an arrest, but has the power of enforcement behind it, based on {{gli|CPP}}. Has some features in common with a "material witness" in U.S. law. Compare {{gli|prisão}} (1. "arrest") and {{gli|prisão preventiva}}.

Translation note: Machine translation will often emit the expression coercive driving as part of the translation into English; this is *never* a correct translation for this phrase. There is no accepted expression in English that conveys the sense of the Portuguese term.}}

{{term|Constituição do Brasil|{{lang|pt|Constituição do Brasil}} {{anchor|constituição do Brasil|Constituição do Brasil|Constituicao do Brasil|constituicao do Brasil}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|see :pt:Constituição do Brasil}}}}

The current constitution is the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 (officially: Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988). Also known as the {{lang|pt|Constituição cidadã}} ("Citizen's Constitution") because of its birth in the process of the return to Democracy after the end of the period of military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985).}}

{{defn|See {{gli|Constituição do Brasil}}.}}

;{{Vanchor|Contravenção|Contravenções|Contravencao|Contravencoes|contravenção|contravenções|contravencao|contravencoes}}

: a misdemeanor. In Brazilian law, a misdemeanor is one of two types of criminal offense ({{lang|pt-BR|Infração penal}}), the other one being a serious crime ({{langx|pt-BR|Crime}}). Compare contravention in French criminal law.

{{term|term=Corrupção ativa|content={{lang|pt|Corrupção ativa}}{{anchor|Corrupcao ativa|corrupção ativa|corrupcao ativa}} }}

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see {{gli|active corruption}}, :pt:Corrupção ativa}}}}

literally, "active corruption". {{lang|pt|Corrupção ativa}} consists in the act of offering any kind of benefit or advantage (economic, or otherwise) to a public official, to cause them to perform an official act, or to prevent or delay them from performing such an act. The crime consists in the intent to offer the unfair advantage, regardless whether it actually occurs. It is governed by article 333 of the {{gli|CP|Penal Code}}, and is considered a {{gli|crime contra a administração pública|crime against public administration}}. See also {{gli|vantagem indevida}}.}}

{{term|term=Corrupção passiva|content={{lang|pt|Corrupção passiva}}{{anchor|corrupção passiva|Corrupcao passiva|corrupcao passiva}} }}

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see {{gli|passive corruption}}, :pt:Corrupção passiva}}}}

literally, "passive corruption". A crime committed by a public official, which consists in soliciting or receiving, for themselves or on behalf of someone else, an undue benefit (see {{gli|vantagem indevida}})), or a promise of such benefit. The term "passive" doesn't refer to initiation of a corrupt action, but who receives the benefit. For example, if a driver offers a cop money in order to avoid a ticket, and the cop accepts, the cop has committed passive corruption (and the driver has simultaneously committed {{gli|active corruption}}). If the cop suggests the bribe, it's still passive. (See {{gli|CP}} Art. 317.) Considered a "{{gli|crime contra a administração pública|crime against public administration}}".}}

{{term|CPP|{{lang|pt|CPP}} {{anchor|CPP|cPP|cpp}} }}

{{defn|Abbr. for {{gli|Código de Processo Penal}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|crime contra a administração pública}}.}}

{{term|Crime contra a administração pública|{{lang|pt|Crime contra a administração pública}} {{anchor|Crime contra a administracao pública|crime contra a administracao pública|crime contra a administracao publica}} }}

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see {{gli|active corruption}}, {{gli|passive corruption}}}}}}

Literally, a "crime against public administration". A group of crimes in the {{gli|Código de Processo Penal}} (CPP; Penal Code) that are characterized by their distortion of public administration and which injuriously affect the legality, impartiality, morality, or efficiency of public administration. .}}

D

{{term|Delação premiada |Delação premiada{{thin space}}{{efn|name=MTFAIL}} {{anchor|Delação premiada|delação premiada|Delacao premiada}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see :pt:Delação premiada; {{gli|colaboração premiada}}}}}}

literally, "rewarded whistleblowing" (or, "rewarded informing"). The most common gloss for this in English is "plea bargain [agreement]". (also seen, much less frequently (about 10%), is {{gli|leniency agreement}}, but see {{gli|acordo de leniência}}). A legal process by which a suspect is offered a specific reduced sentence prescribed by the law, in return for turning in accomplices, or aiding in investigations. Applies only to individuals. The common name for this is {{gli|colaboração premiada}}. The concept is similar to a plea bargain agreement, which results in a reduced penalty (fine, prison time) in return for investigative assistance. Established in the {{gli|anti-corruption Act}} of 2014. Contrast: {{gli|acordo de leniência}}, which applies only to juridical persons.

Usage note: There is some fuzziness even in the Brazilian press concerning the use of {{lang|pt|delação premiada}} (which applies exclusively to people) and {{gli|acordo de leniência}} (which applies to business entities, not people) and occasionally the wrong term is used. The confusion in the English language press is greater, partly because the legal concepts in the two countries are not identical, and "plea bargain" may be used for both terms. As a rule of thumb, if it's about reduction in monetary penalties for a company, it's a "leniency agreement"; if it's about a reduction in fines or prison time for an individual, that's more like a "plea deal" or "plea bargain".}}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see :pt:wikt:Desdobramento}}}}

Literally, an "unfolding". In the context of Operation Car Wash, as in :pt:Desdobramentos da Operação Lava Jato, it is an offshoot. (Also seen, less often, are spin-off or outgrowth to represent desdobramentos in English sources about Operation Car Wash). In the context of talking about one particular {{gli|Operação}}, already named, it can be translated simply as Operation. Not to be confused with Operation Car Wash "phases" (fases) which is a different breakdown of investigations, numbered and named, starting with phase 1 in March 2014.}}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see Desembargador; :pt:Desembargador; {{gli|juiz}}}}}}

apellate judge; Title given to justices in the courts of {{gli|Segunda instância|second instance}}. Compare {{gli|Ministro}}. See Usage note at {{gli|Juiz}}.}}

{{term|Dólar-cabo |Dólar-cabo {{anchor|Dolar-cabo|Dolar cabo}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|(see :pt:Dólar-cabo}}}}

an illegal dollar wire transfer. A neologism in Portuguese; no stable English term has claimed primacy yet; several have been offered. It is the practice of trading dollars in the {{gli|mercado paralelo|gray market}} for deposit in an institution abroad. This may or may not involve actual cross-border transfers of money. The practice is a crime under article 22 of {{lang|pt|Lei dos Crimes contra o Sistema Financeiro}} (Law concerning crimes against the Financial System). It is often used in {{gli|lavagem de dinheiro|money laundering}} schemes. Still a neologism in the Brazilian press, and often found inside double quotes, often with explanatory text following. In English, various calques and translations have been proposed, including "dollar-cable", "cable-dollar", and others, but usually very tentatively, and with double quotes.

F

{{term|Falsidade ideológica|{{lang|pt|Falsidade ideológica}} {{anchor|falsidade ideológica|Falsidade ideologica|Falsidade ideologica}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|see :pt:Falsidade ideológica}}}}

fraudulent misrepresentation. lit., "ideologically false"; often seen adjectivally as {{lang|pt|ideológicamente falso}} ("ideologically false"). This is a type of fraud involving inclusion of false information in an otherwise valid document. This is defined in article 299 of the Penal code.

Example: a doctor signs a certificate excusing someone from work who was not sick. The signature is real, the information in the document is false.{{cite web |title=O que vem a ser a expressão "ideologicamente falsos"? |trans-title=What is the expression 'ideologically false'? |last1=de Lima |first1=Elioma |url=http://blogdoeliomar.com.br/2017/10/12/o-que-vem-ser-expressao-ideologicamente-falsos/ |date=12 October 2017 |accessdate=13 February 2020}}{{cite web |language=pt |author=Escola Brasileira de Direito |title=Qual a diferença entre falsidade material, falsidade ideológica e falsidade pessoal? |trans-title=What is the difference between material falsehood, ideological falsehood and personal falsehood? |url=https://ebradi.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/603020777/qual-a-diferenca-entre-falsidade-material-falsidade-ideologica-e-falsidade-pessoal |date=20 July 2018 |website=JusBrasil |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213220019/https://ebradi.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/603020777/qual-a-diferenca-entre-falsidade-material-falsidade-ideologica-e-falsidade-pessoal |archivedate=2020-02-13 |accessdate=2020-02-13 |quote=Material falsehood is that [crime of falsification] by means of which the perpetrator creates a false document or changes the content of a true document. The document is materially false. The falsification occurs via forgery (pretending, simulating, disguising, falsifying in order to disguise its authenticity). ... Ideological falsehood ... is characterized by false content written into the creation of a real document. A falsidade material é aquela [crime de falsidade] por meio da qual o agente cria um documento falso ou altera o conteúdo de um documento verdadeiro. O documento é materialmente falso. A falsificação o corre mediante contrafação (fingimento, simulação, disfarce, falsificação de modo a iludir sua autenticidade). ... A falsidade ideológica... configura-se pelo falso conteúdo posto quando da feitura de um documento verdadeiro.}}

Contrast: {{gli|falsidade material}}.}}

{{term|Falsidade material |{{lang|pt|Falsidade material}} {{anchor|falsidade material}} }}

{{defn|lit., "materially false"; this is a type of fraud involving creation of a phony document. Also seen adjectivally as {{lang|pt|materialmente falso}} ("materially false"). This is defined in article 299 of the {{gli|Penal code}}. {{br}}Example: an employee creates a false affidavit excusing them or someone from work who was not sick, and forges the doctor's signature.

{{br}}Contrast: #Falsidade ideológica. The key difference between the two, is that where {{lang|pt|falsidade material}} describes a forgery, {{lang|pt|falsidade ideológica}} describes a real document with false information.}}

{{term|Federal judge|Federal judge {{anchor|federal judge|federal judges|Federal judges}} }}

{{defn|see {{gli|juiz federal}}.}}

{{term|Federal Regional Court|Federal Regional Court {{anchor|Federal Regional Court}}}}

{{defn|see {{gli|Tribunal Regional Federal}} (TRF).}}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|see {{gli|primeira instância}}}}}}

A lower court. Contrast {{gli|second instance}}.}}

{{term|Foro privilegiado |{{lang|pt|Foro privilegiado}} {{anchor|Foro privilegiado}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|see :pt:Foro privilegiado}}}}

Official name: "foro especial por prerrogativa de função".

{{lang|pt|Foro privilegiado}} is the common term for this.

{{br}}Context: "pessoas com foro privilegiado", as in this example from Operação Leviatã (Operation Leviathan):

{{gbq|{{lang|pt|A operação focou a parte do esquema que repassava dinheiro só para o PMDB porque a parte do PT, não envolvendo pessoas com foro privilegiado, tramita na Justiça Federal do Paraná.}}

{{br}}The operation focused exclusively on that part of the scheme that involved money passed on to the PMDB; because the portion involving the PT was being processed in the Federal Court of Paraná since it didn't include individuals with {{lang|pt|foro privilegiado}} status.}}

{{br}}It is a method of determining a jurisdictional question, namely what venue has jurisdiction over certain high public officials in certain penal actions, based on their position or function. Normally, most people in Brazil, if accused of certain crimes, start off in lower courts ({{gli|primeira instância}}) and their cases may proceed to higher courts ({{gli|segunda instânica}}) according to law. For a limited subset of people, namely those with the {{lang|pt|foro privilegiado}} status, they start right off in the higher courts. The {{gli|Brazilian Constitution}} specifies which officials have {{lang|pt|foro privilegiado}}; the list includes the President of the Republic, Senators, Federal Deputies, State Deputies, ministers of State, Governors; and only while they still hold office. See :pt:foro especial por prerrogativa de função for details.}}

{{term|Formação de quadrilha|{{lang|pt|Formação de quadrilha}} {{anchor|formação de quadrilha|Formacao de quadrilha|formacao de quadrilha}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|(see Formação de quadrilha; :pt:wikt:quadrilha; {{gli|quadrilha}} }}}}

gang formation; conspiracy; criminal conspiracy

Expressions: {{lang|pt|acusados de formação de quadrilha}}{{snd}} "accused of federal racketeering" (chiefly U.S. usage)}}

{{term|Funcional|{{lang|pt|Funcional}} {{anchor|funcional|Funcionais|funcionais}}{{efn|name=MTFAIL}} }}

{{defn|no=1

| An adjective for {{gli|funcionário}}, a company employee or civil servant{{thin space}}funcionário{{cite encyclopedia |title=funcional |dictionary=Michaelis On-line |url=https://michaelis.uol.com.br/moderno-portugues/busca/portugues-brasileiro/funcional/ |year=2020 |publisher=Editora Melhoramentos |location=São Paulo}}}}

{{defn|no=2| When combined with apartmento, has a special meaning; see {{gli|apartamento funcional}}}}

{{defn|no=3| In common parlance, cognate to English "functional".}}

J

{{defn|Can be any of {{gli|juiz }}, {{gli|Desembargador}}, or {{gli|Ministro}}, depending on the type of judge, and the {{gli|instância}}.}}

{{term|Judiciary branch|Judiciary branch {{anchor|Judiciary branch}}}}

{{defn|See {{gli|Poder Judiciário}}}}

{{term|term=Juiz |content={{lang|pt|Juiz}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see :pt:Juiz, :pt:wikt:juiz, {{gli|juiz federal}}, {{gli|desembargador}} }}}}}}

{{defn |no=1 |A judge of the {{gli|Primeira instância|first instance}}.

{{br}}Expressions:

:pt:juiz de paz: justice of the peace.
juiz de instrução: investigative judge; examining magistrate.

Usage note: it's a peculiarity of Brazilian terminology surrounding judgeships, that judges in courts of different degrees or levels ({{lang|pt|grau de jurisdição}}) are known by different honorific titles, depending on what level they are in the hierarchy of the {{gli|Poder judicial|judicial branch}}. The term {{lang|pt|juiz}} is used for judges of the {{gli|Primeira instância|first instance}}. See also: {{gli|Desembargador}} (2nd instance), and {{gli|Ministro}} (3rd instance).}}

{{term|Juiz federal|{{lang|pt|Juiz federal}} {{anchor|Juiz Federal|juiz federal|juizes federales}}}}

{{defn|A judge of the {{gli|first instance}} in the common Federal Justice system ({{gli|Justiça Federal}} comum) who deals with legal cases involving the Union ({{gli|União}}) or its federal entities.}}

{{term|Justiça Federal|{{lang|pt|Justiça Federal}} {{anchor|justiça Federal|Justiça Federal|Justica Federal|justica Federal}}}}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|(see :pt:Justiça Federal}}}}

The Federal Courts, or Federal Justice system, is one of two parts of the {{gli|judiciary branch}}. It consists of the federal judgeships, which represent the first instance ({{gli|primeira instância}}), and the {{gli|Federal Regional Courts}} (TRF), which represent the second instance ({{gli|segunda instância}}).}}

P

{{term|Poder executivo|{{lang|pt|Poder executivo}} {{anchor|poder executivo}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|see :pt:Poder executivo}}}}

The executive branch of government; one of the three branches ({{lang|pt|ramos}}) of the Brazilian government.}}

{{term|Poder judiciário|{{lang|pt|Poder judiciário}} {{anchor|poder judiciário|poder judiciario|poder Judiciário|poder Judiciario|Poder Judiciario}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|see :pt:Poder Judiciário do Brasil}}}}

lit. "Judicial power" (or "authority"); the judicial branch. One of the three branches of the {{gli|federal government}}, according to the {{gli|Constitution}}. The judiciary branch is based on three degrees of jurisdiction ({{lang|pt|grau de jurisdição}}). It is made up of five things: 1. the {{gli|Supreme Federal Tribunal}} (STF), 2. {{gli|Superior Tribunal de Justiça|Superior Court of Justice}} (STJ), 3. {{gli|Federal Regional Courts}} (TRF) and {{gli|Federal judges}}, 4. military judges and tribunals, and 5. tribunals and judges of the states, the {{gli|Federal District}}, and the territories. See {{gli|Instância}}.}}

{{term|Poder legislativo|{{lang|pt|Poder legislativo}} {{anchor|Poder legislativo|poder legislativo}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|see :pt:Poder legislativo}}}}

legislative branch (lit. "legislative power"; legislative authority). One of the three branches of the {{gli|federal government}} ordained in article 1 of the {{gli|Constitution}}, consisting of the National Congress, is exercised by the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Each state of the Union is represented by three Senators of the Republic, elected by majority vote, and the seats in the Chamber of Deputies are divided according to the population of each state, and the deputies elected by proportional vote.}}

{{term|Poder público|{{lang|pt|Poder público}} {{anchor|Poder público|poder público|Poder Público|Poder Publico|Poder publico}} }}{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|see :pt:Poder público; :pt:wikt:poder público}}}}}}

{{defn|no=1|The ensemble of state institutions with authority to carry out the affairs of State; the three branches of the {{gli|federal government}}: {{gli|Poder executivo}}, {{gli|Poder judiciário}}, {{gli|Poder legislativo}}.}}

{{defn|no=2|

In the plural, "{{lang|pt|poderes públicos}}" may have a different meaning: public authorities, official authority; similar to the non-specific sense of "the authorities" in English.}}

{{term|Policia especializada|{{lang|pt|Policia especializada}} {{anchor|policia especializada}} }}

{{defn|See {{gli|delegacia especializada}}.}}

{{term|Primeira instância|{{lang|pt|Primeira instancia}} {{anchor|primeira instancia}} }}

{{defn|The first, or lowest level of the three degrees of jurisdiction ({{lang|pt|grau de jurisdição}}) in the {{gli|Poder Judiciário}} (judiciary branch). These include Federal judge#Brazil (Juiz federal). See {{gli|segunda instância}}.}}

{{term|Prisão domiciliar|{{lang|pt|Prisão domiciliar}} {{anchor|Prisao domiciliar|prisao domiciliar}} }}

{{term|Prisão em flagrante|{{lang|pt|Prisao em flagrante}} {{anchor|Prisão em flagrante|prisao em flagrante}} }}

{{defn|see {{gli|flagrante}}.}}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see :pt:Prisão preventiva}}}}

See {{gli|prisão preventiva}}. Compare {{gli|remand}}.}}

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see :pt:Prisão, :pt:wikt:prisão Contrast: {{gli|condução coercitiva}}.}}}}}}

{{defn |no=1|Arrest. In the sense of "arrest", it comes in three forms ({{lang|pt|modalidades}}) in Brazil: {{gli|prisão em flagrante|flagrante}}, {{gli|prisão temporária|temporária}}, and {{gli|prisão preventiva|preventiva}}. Contrast: {{gli|condução coercitiva}}.}}

{{term|Prisão preventiva |{{lang|pt|Prisão preventiva}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see :pt:Prisão preventiva}}}}

Roughly, "preventive detention", but not exact equivalents. Prisão preventiva is a pre-trial, precautionary detention defined by {{gli|CPP}} §311–316. Not to be confused with {{gli|sentença}} (post-trial sentencing). The English preventive detention is broader in scope; the Portuguese one may be more like pre-trial {{gli|remand}}.}}

{{term|Prisão temporária|content={{lang|pt|Prisão temporária}}{{anchor|Prisao temporaria}} }}

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see :pt:Prisão temporária}}}}

A type of precautionary detention, which may be used in the investigation of a serious crime. A "temporary pre-trial detention". A 1989 law replaced the former {{lang|pt|prisão por averiguação}} (investigatory detention) which was found to be contrary to fundamental rights under the 1988 charter. Only used in certain high crimes where it might impede the investigation if the subject were not detained, and where they have no fixed address or their identity cannot be established.}}

{{Anchor|Q|QR}} Q

R

{{term |Recurso |{{lang|pt|Recurso}} {{anchor|Recursos|recursos}} }}

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference |selfref=no | (see :pt:Recurso processual)}}}}}}

{{defn |no=1 |An appeal to a court. An instrument to request alteration of a prior court decision to a court of the same or higher {{gli|instância|instance}}, on the same case.

{{br}}Expressions:

{{lang|pt|entrar com um recurso}}: file an appeal
_____ {{lang|pt|de recurso}}: appellate _____}}

{{defn |no=2 |1=

(in the plural) {{lang|pt|recursos}}: funds.{{br}}Expressions:

{{lang|pt|desvio de recursos}}{{snd}}diversion of funds}}

{{defn |no=3 |1=

In contexts outside of law or finance: the primary meanings of recurso are "resource", "feature".}}

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference |selfref=no |see {{gli|colaboração premiada}}}}}}

literal translation of {{gli|colaboração premiada}}}.}}

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference |selfref=no |see {{gli|delação premiada}}}}}}

literal translation of {{gli|delação premiada}}.}}

S

{{term|Segunda instância |{{lang|pt|Segunda instância}} {{anchor|Segunda instância|Segunda instancia}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see also {{gli|desembargador}}, {{gli|primeira instância}}, {{gli|terceira instância}}}}}}

The middle level of the three degrees of jurisdiction ({{gli|grau de jurisdição}}) in the {{gli|Poder judiciário}} (judiciary branch). A court of second instance is analogous to a Court of appeals or appellate court in Anglo-Saxon jurisprudence. See {{gli|primeira instância}}.}}

{{term|Setor propina |{{lang|pt|Setor propina}} }}

{{defn|

literally, "bribery section", or "bribery department". This is a slang term or nickname for Odebrecht S.A.'s Structured Operations Division ({{lang|pt|Setor de Operações Estruturais}}), because it was that department within the company that was responsible for managing and paying kickbacks and bribes.{{cite web |language=pt |last1=Esposito |first1=Ivan Richard |last2=Pordeus León |first2=Lucas |title=Setor de propinas da Odebrecht pagou R$ 10,6 bilhões entre 2006 e 2014 |trans-title=Odebrecht's bribery department paid R$10.6 billion between 2006 and 2014 |url=http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2017-04/setor-de-propinas-da-odebrecht-pagou-r-106-bilhoes-entre-2006-e-2014 |date=15 April 2017 |website=Agência Brasil |publisher=EBC |accessdate=2019-02-11 |quote=The former director of the so-called bribery department said that any executive responsible for an Odebrecht project could request the funds to get the project going. O ex-diretor do chamado setor de propinas disse que cada executivo responsável por obras da Odebrecht podia solicitar o recurso para fazer as obras andarem.}}{{cite web |language=pt |author=Folha Política |title=E-mails mostram que Marcelo Odebrecht controlava o 'setor de propinas' |trans-title=E-mails show that Marcelo Odebrecht controlled the 'bribery department' |url=https://folhapolitica.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/380783849/e-mails-mostram-que-marcelo-odebrecht-controlava-o-setor-de-propinas |date=5 September 2016 |website=JusBrasil |accessdate=2019-02-11 |quote=E-mails seized by Operation Car Wash at the Odebrecht Group headquarters in June 2015 reinforced the evidentiary exhibits showing the participation of the outgoing president of Marcelo Bahia Odebrecht with the Structured Operations Division – a department that took care of the contractor's kickbacks and slush fund payments, in the corruption scheme discovered at Petrobras. E-mails apreendidos pela Operação Lava Jato na sede do Grupo Odebrecht, em junho de 2015, reforçaram o rol de provas da participação do presidente afastado do Marcelo Bahia Odebrecht com o Setor de Operações Estruturadas – departamento que cuidava dos pagamentos de propina e caixa 2 da empreiteira, no esquema de corrupção descoberto na Petrobrás.}}{{cite book |language=pt |last1=Oro Boff |first1=Salete |last2=Borges Fortes |first2=Vinícius |last3=Zanatta Tocchetto |first3=Gabriel |title=Propriedade intelectual e gestão da inovação: entre invenção e inovação |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6QNlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA284 |date=16 July 2018 |publisher=Editora Deviant |location=Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul |isbn=978-85-532-4014-2 |page=284 |chapter=XIII Proteção de Dados e Práticas de Corrupção: Uma Analise do Sistema de ERP no Caso de Odebrecht [Data Protection and the Practice of Corruption: a Systems Analysis of ERP in the Odebrecht Case] |quote=Only the employees of the Structured Operations Division, also called the Bribery Division by the media, ...Apenas os funcionários do Setor de Operações Estruturais, também chamado de Setor de Propinas, pela mídia, ...}}{{cite web |language=pt |title=Odebrecht adquiriu banco para propina, diz delator |trans-title=Odebrecht acquired a bank for kickbacks, says informer |author= |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/agencia-estado/2016/06/20/odebrecht-adquiriu-banco-para-propina-diz-delator.htm |date=2016-06-20 |website=UOL |quote=The Department of Structured Operations—official name of the bribery center of the company, according to Operation Car Wash.[O] Departamento de Operações Estruturadas --nome oficial da central de propinas da empreiteira, segundo a Lava Jato...}}

{{br}}Usage note: There isn't sufficient usage in English sources to have settled on one term for this, but "bribery department" is present in a BBC report.{{cite web |last1=Pressly |first1=Linda |title=The largest foreign bribery case in history |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43825294 |date=22 April 2018 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=2019-02-11 |quote=The company's bribery department, known by the rather prosaic name of Division of Structured Operations, managed its own shadow budget.}}}}

{{term|Sítio de Atibaia |{{lang|pt|Sítio de Atibaia}} {{anchor|Sítio de Atibaia|Sitio de Atibaia|sitio de Atibaia}} }}

{{defn|

lit., "the Atibaia site". known in English as the "Atibaia case" or "Atibaia site", and other terms. In context after a first use, the property is also referred to as the "ranch", the "house", the "farmhouse", the "case", the "site case", etc.; and in Portuguese, sometimes as the "{{lang|pt|sítio Santa Bárbara}}".

{{br}} {{lang|pt|"O sítio de Atibaia}}" is the name given by the press to a property in Atibaia, a town in the interior of São Paulo state, which was central to the second conviction of President Lula in {{gli|Operation Car Wash}}, which increased his sentence from 13 to 17 years. The formal owner of the property was Fernando Bittar, ex-colleague of {{ill|Fabio Luis Lula da Silva|pt|Fábio Luís Lula da Silva|vertical-align=sup}} ({{lang|pt|Lulinha}}), son of Lula. It was seized by the judge as part of Lula's sentence.{{cite web |language=pt |last1=de Campos |first1=João Pedroso |title=Lava Jato concorda com venda do sítio de Atibaia, ligado a Lula |trans-title=Car Wash agrees to sell Atibaia site, linked to Lula |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/lava-jato-concorda-com-venda-do-sitio-de-atibaia-ligado-a-lula/ |website=Veja |date=27 May 2019 |accessdate=9 February 2020}}{{cite web|author= |title=Appellate court increases Lula's prison sentence in Atibaia case to 17 years |url=https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/wiseup-news/appellate-court-increases-lulas-prison-sentence-in-atibaia-case-to-17-years/ |date=November 28, 2019 |website=Wise Up News |publisher=Gazeta do Povo |accessdate=2020-02-10}}{{cite web |language=pt |last1=Kadanus |first1=Kelli |title=Lula é condenado a mais 12 anos e 11 meses por sítio em Atibaia |trans-title=Lula is sentenced to another 12 years and 11 months for the Atibaia site |url=https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/politica/republica/lula-e-condenado-a-mais-12-anos-e-11-meses-por-sitio-em-atibaia-87ozc5p5cbrclzlbpi9gyxf11/ |date=November 28, 2019 |website=Wise Up News |publisher=Gazeta do Povo |accessdate=2020-02-10}}}}

{{term|STF |STF {{anchor|STF|stf}} }}

{{defn|abbreviation for {{gli|Supremo Tribunal Federal}}.}}

{{term|STJ |STJ {{anchor|STJ|stj}} }}

{{defn|abbreviation for {{gli|Superior Tribunal de Justiça}}.}}

{{term|Superfaturamento |{{lang|pt|Superfaturamento}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see Superfaturamento}}}}

Overbilling, especially on a government project with corrupt intent. The Federal Police indicated in a 2010 report that around R$700 million (${{ToUSDr|700|BRA|2010|sf=2}} million) was overbilled in 300 public works projects, and that of every 100 Reals spent, on average R$29 were overbilled.[http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/opiniao/fz0903201001.htm O custo da corrupção] – Folha de S.Paulo, 9 de março de 2009}}

{{term|Superior Tribunal de Justiça |{{lang|pt|Superior Tribunal de Justiça}} {{anchor|superior Tribunal de Justiça|superior Tribunal de Justica}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see {{gli|STJ}}; Superior Court of Justice{{thin space}}}}}}

Superior Court of Justice, also known as the {{gli|STJ}}. The highest appellate court in Brazil for non-constitutional questions of federal law. Justices in STJ (as in other {{gli|Superior Court|Superior Courts}}) are called "{{gli|ministro|minister|ministers}}" not "justices" or "{{gli|judge|judges}}"; not to be confused however, with ministers from the executive branch.}}

{{term|Supremo Tribunal Federal |{{lang|pt|Supremo Tribunal Federal}} {{anchor|supremo Tribunal Federal}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see Supreme Federal Court; :pt:Supremo Tribunal Federal}}}}

The Supreme Federal Court is the highest Court in Brazil, and is considered a court of {{gli|terceira instância |third instance}}. Abbreviated {{gli|STF}} in Portuguese.}}

T

{{term||TCEJ |{{lang|pt|TCEJ}} }}

{{defn|An abbreviation for {{gli|Tribunal de Contas do Estado}}.}}

{{term||TCE-RJ |{{lang|pt|TCE-RJ}} }}

{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference| see also TCE-RJ}}}}

An abbreviation for :pt:Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.}}

{{defn|An abbreviation for {{gli|Tribunal de Contas da União}}.}}

{{term|Terceira instância| {{lang|pt|Terceira instância}} {{anchor|terceira instância|terceira instancia}} }}

{{defn|Literally, "third instance" (see {{gli|instância}}). There is no third instance of the {{gli|Poder Judiciário|judiciary branch}} defined in the {{gli|Constitution}}. However, the {{gli|Tribunal Superior|Superior Tribunals}} are sometimes known informally as the "third instance", because decisions taken by tribunals of the {{gli|primeira instância|first}} and {{gli|segunda instância|second instances}} can be reviewed by {{gli|instância superior|superior courts}}. See also {{gli|instância extraordinária}}.}}

{{term|Tribunal Regional Federal |{{lang|pt|Tribunal Regional Federal}} {{anchor|tribunal Regional Federal|tribunal regional federal|TRF|tRF|Tribunais Regionais Federais|tribunais regionais federais|tribunais Regionais Federais}} }}

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see also Federal Regional Court }}}}

{{Wikisourcelang|pt|Constituição de 1988 da República Federativa do Brasil/Título IV/III|Title IV of the Brazilian Constitution}}

Regional Federal Courts. There are six regional federal courts, each covering several Brazilian states. They are established by articles 107 and 108 of the {{gli|Constitution}}. Together with {{gli|Federal judges}}, the six TRFs make up the {{gli|Justiça Federal}} (Federal Courts), which is part of the {{gli|Poder Judiciário}} (judiciary branch). Each TRF has seven (or more) judges of the {{gli|segunda instância|second instance}} named by the {{gli|President}}, who hold court around the region of their jurisdiction, using local facilities. See for example, {{gli|TRF-4}}. abbreviation: TRF.}}

{{term|Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região |{{lang|pt|Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região}} {{anchor|tribunal regional federal da 4ª regiao|TRF-4|trf-4|trf 4|TRF 4}} }}

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference|selfref=no|see :pt:Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região}}}}

Federal Regional Court of Region 4 (abbr: TRF-4, TRF 4) is one of the five Federal District Courts ({{gli|Tribunais Regionais Federais}}). It is a court of second instance ({{gli|segunda instância}}) that has jurisdiction over the three states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, and is headquartered in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. It was inaugurated in 1989, and has 27 judges ({{gli|desembargador|desembargadores}}).}}

U

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference |selfref=no |see {{gli|vantagem indevida}}, {{gli|corrupção ativa}}, {{gli|corrupção passiva}}}}}}

Illicit funds. Literally, "undue advantage" is a literal translation of {{lang|pt|vantagem indevida}}, from a type of corruption called {{gli|Recebimento de vantagem indevida}}: literally, "Receipt of undue advantage" (or "illicit", "improper", "unfair", "unjustifiable", etc.) advantage (or "benefit", "profit", "gain", etc.) This is a form of corruption, either active ({{gli|corrupção ativa}}) or passive ({{gli|corrupção passiva}}) involving payment or receipt of improper advantage (economic or otherwise) or the promise of it, from someone in public office, or before or after their term of office if related to their function while in office. The term comes up in several places in the {{gli|CPP}}, including article 217 (regarding {{gli|corrupção passiva}}), article 316 ({{gli|concussão}}), article 333 ({{gli|corrupção ativa}}), and others.{{cite web |language=pt |first=Evinis |last=Talon |title=A corrupção no Código Penal |trans-title=Corruption in the Penal Code |date=22 Nov 2016 |url=https://evinistalon.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/407272570/a-corrupcao-no-codigo-penal |website=Jusbrasil |accessdate=30 January 2020}}{{cite book| last1=Madeira Dezem |first1=Guilherme |last2=Junqueira |first2=Gustavo Octaviano Diniz |last3=Junqueira |first3=Patrícia |first4=Paulo Henrique |last4=Aranda Fuller |title=Prática Jurídica – Penal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u7fEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT417|date=8 January 2020|publisher=Saraiva Educação S.A.|isbn=978-85-536-1610-7|page=417}}

Usage note: Since there isn't an exact equivalent in common law, and the noun phrase can be awkward in certain contexts, rewording it as an adverbial phrase might work better in some cases: "X illicitly profited from", or "...earned illegal gains from", etc.}}

V

{{term |Vantagem indevida |{{lang|pt|Vantagem indevida}} }}

{{defn |{{ghat|{{crossreference |selfref=no |see {{gli|undue advantage}}, :pt:Recebimento de vantagem indevida)}}}}

literally, "undue advantage".}}

{{Anchor|W|WXYZ}}W

References

;Notes

{{Notelist|refs=

{{efn|name="MTFAIL"|This headword has a significant likelihood of being mistranslated when using automatic translation. Machine translation can have difficulty with individual words or expressions for many reasons, including false friends, false cognates, literal translation, neologisms, slang, idiomatic expressions and other unrecognized compounds, words with multiple meanings, words with specialized meanings in certain knowledge domains different from a common meaning of a word in a more general context, and other reasons. These issues can be difficult for human translators as well. Some expressions in Brazilian law, criminology, or government have no exact equivalent in English, because the legal, penal, and administrative systems are not the same. In some cases, no brief translated expression in English is possible, as it would either be opaque, or misleading.}}

}}

;Citations

External links

[http://www.mpf.mp.br/atuacao-tematica/sci/normas-e-legislacao/legislacao/legislacao-em-ingles-1 Legislação brasileira traduzida para o Inglês]{{snd}}official English translations of the Constitution, and dozens of other Brazilian laws
[https://www4.bcb.gov.br/GlossarioLista.asp?idioma=P&idpai=GLOSSARIO Glossary of the Banco Central]
About :pt:Condução coercitiva:
[https://canalcienciascriminais.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/311252199/o-que-e-afinal-a-conducao-coercitiva Jusbrasil]
[http://www.editoramagister.com/doutrina_27733267_CONDUCAO_COERCITIVA.aspx Lex Magister]
[https://blog.juriscorrespondente.com.br/conducao-coercitiva-no-processo-penal-uma-abordagem-constitucional/ Juris Blog]
[https://www.globalhealthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Brazil-constitution-English.pdf Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil]; {{in lang|en}} pdf; 432 pages
[http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituicao.htm Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil] {{in lang|pt}}
[https://michaelis.uol.com.br/ Michaelis dictionaries]{{snd}}a set of bilingual, online Brazilian dictionaries
[https://www2.senado.leg.br/bdsf/bitstream/handle/id/532754/noticia.html?sequence=1 Operation Car Wash glossary]{{snd}}somewhat light-hearted, but has serious information about terms; by Gabriela Goulart, editor at O Globo.

Brazil investigative terms

Category:Corruption in Brazil

Category:Government of Brazil

Category:Politics of Brazil

Category:Wikipedia glossaries using description lists