Glottis#External links
{{Short description|Opening between the vocal folds}}
{{Distinguish|Glottis (Grim Fandango)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox anatomy
| Name = Glottis
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| Image = Arytenoid cartilage.png
| Caption = Arytenoid cartilage
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| Image2 = Glottis positions.png
| Caption2 =Glottis positions
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The glottis ({{plural form}}: glottises or glottides) is the opening between the vocal foldsLadefoged, Peter. 2006. A course in Phonetics. UCLA. (the rima glottidis).{{cite book |author=WebMD |chapter=glottis |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8UfI3BH78wC&pg=PA178 |page=178 |year=2009 |title=Webster's New World Medical Dictionary |edition=3rd |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |isbn=978-0-544-18897-6}} The glottis is crucial in producing sound from the vocal folds.
Etymology
From Ancient Greek γλωττίς (glōttís), derived from γλῶττα (glôtta), variant of γλῶσσα (glôssa, "tongue").wikt:glottis
Function
=Phonation=
{{Main|Phonation}}
As the vocal folds vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to the speech, called voice or voicing or pronunciation.
Sound production that involves moving the vocal folds close together is called glottal.{{Cite book|title=Introductory Phonology|last=Hayes|first=Bruce|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4051-8411-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryphon00haye}} English has a voiceless glottal transition spelled "h". This sound is produced by keeping the vocal folds spread somewhat, resulting in non-turbulent airflow through the glottis. In many accents of English the glottal stop (made by pressing the folds together) is used as a variant allophone of the phoneme {{IPA|/t/}} (and in some dialects, occasionally of {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/p/}}); in some languages, this sound is a phoneme of its own.
Skilled players of the Australian didgeridoo restrict their glottal opening in order to produce the full range of timbres available on the instrument.{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/43639a |pmid=16001056 |title=Acoustics: The vocal tract and the sound of a didgeridoo |journal=Nature |volume=436 |issue=7047 |pages=39 |year=2005 |last1=Tarnopolsky |first1=Alex |last2=Fletcher |first2=Neville |last3=Hollenberg |first3=Lloyd |last4=Lange |first4=Benjamin |last5=Smith |first5=John |last6=Wolfe |first6=Joe |bibcode=2005Natur.436...39T |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/82233/8/01_Fletcher_Vocal_Tract_2005.pdf |hdl=1885/125584 |s2cid=4395889 |hdl-access=free }}
The vibration produced is an essential component of voiced consonants as well as vowels. If the vocal folds are drawn apart, air flows between them causing no vibration, as in the production of voiceless consonants.{{Cite journal |last=De'Ath |first=Leslie |date=2016 |title=Linguistics and Lyric Diction - A Personal Retrospective and a Selective Glossary |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1774332500 |journal=Journal of Singing |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=465–474 |id={{ProQuest|1774332500}} |via=ProQuest}}
The glottis is also important in the Valsalva maneuver.
- Voiced consonants include {{IPA|/v/, /z/, /ʒ/, /d͡ʒ/, /ð/, /b/, /d/, /ɡ/, /w/.}}
- Voiceless consonants include {{IPA|/f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /t͡ʃ/, /θ/, /p/, /t/, /k/, /ʍ/, and /h/.}}
Additional images
{{Gallery
|File:Illu07 larynx01.jpg|Larynx
|File:Gray955.png|The entrance to the larynx, viewed from behind.
|File:Gray1204.png|The entrance to the larynx.
|File:Slide7vvv.JPG|Glottis
|File:Slide1kuku.JPG|Larynx, pharynx and tongue. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
|File:Slide2kuku.JPG|Larynx, pharynx and tongue. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
|File:Slide3kuku.JPG|Larynx, pharynx and tongue. Deep dissection. Posterior view.
}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [http://web.uvic.ca/ling/research/phonetics/SOG/ States of the Glottis] (Esling & Harris, University of Victoria)
- [http://www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/phonetik/EGG/page4.htm Universität Stuttgart Speech production]
- {{cite journal |doi=10.1213/00000539-199906000-00044 |pmid=10357358 |title=Glottis Simulator |journal=Anesthesia & Analgesia |volume=88 |issue=6 |pages=1422–3 |year=1999 |last1=De Menezes Lyra |first1=Roberto |doi-access=free }}
{{Larynx anatomy}}
{{Authority control}}