Gogolin

Gogolin gives its name to the Gogolin Formation whose strata were first exposed here.

{{multiple image |align=left |caption_align=center |perrow=2 |total_width=300 |header=Historic churches of Gogolin

| image1 = 2012-02 Gogolin 44.jpg

| image2 = Gogolin Kościół ewangelicki.jpg

| caption1 = Catholic Sacred Heart church

| caption2 = Lutheran Church

}}

The oldest known mention of Gogolin, under its Old Polish name Gogolino, comes from a 1223 document of Wawrzyniec, bishop of Wrocław.{{cite web|url=http://gogolin.pl/637/664/gogolin_wiecej.html|title=Atrakcje turystyczne|website=Urząd Miejski w Gogolinie|access-date=14 March 2020|language=pl}} It was then part of fragmented Piast-ruled Poland. Later on, it was also part of Bohemia (Czechia), then along with Bohemia it was under Austrian rule, before it was annexed by Prussia in the 18th century, and then became part of the German Empire in 1871. Administratively, Gogolin was located in the Province of Silesia from 1815 until 1919, and then the Province of Upper Silesia until 1945. It was one of the few places whose original Polish name has never been Germanized.

In the 19th century, the exploitation of local limestone deposits began on an industrial scale, and the first lime kilns were built. Also a train station was built, and Gogolin enjoyed railway connections with Opole (then Germanized as Oppeln), Kędzierzyn (Kandrzin), and Prudnik. Heavy fights of the Silesian Uprisings took place nearby in 1921. At the Upper Silesia plebiscite of 20 March 1921, there were 1,262 votes for remaining in Germany and 955 for being reintegrated with Poland which just regained independence.[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210528/http://home.arcor.de/oberschlesien-ka/abstimmung/oppeln.htm Results of the Upper Silesia plebiscite], archive.org, accessed 19 July 2021 In the event, the town remained in the Weimar Republic. During World War II the Germans established a forced labour camp for Poles and Jews{{cite web|url=https://sztetl.org.pl/pl/miejscowosci/g/58-gogolin/116-miejsca-martyrologii/45937-oboz-pracy-zwangsarbeitslager-gogolin|title=Obóz pracy - Zwangsarbeitslager Gogolin|website=Wirtualny Sztetl|access-date=14 March 2020|language=pl}} and two labour camps (E131 and E132) of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs at Łambinowice.{{cite web|url=https://www.lamsdorf.com/working-parties.html|title=Working Parties|website=Stalag VIIIB 344 Lamsdorf|access-date=14 March 2020}} About 30 buildings were destroyed in the final stages of the war in 1945.

The Potsdam Conference of 1945 defined the Oder-Neisse line as the border between Poland and newly formed East Germany, pending a peace conference with Germany which never took place,{{cite book|title=The Politics Today Companion to West European Politics|author=Geoffrey K. Roberts, Patricia Hogwood|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|page=50|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q40tDwAAQBAJ|isbn=9781847790323}}; {{cite book|title=The United States and Poland|author=Piotr Stefan Wandycz|publisher=Harvard University Press|year= 1980|page=303|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XaFaNshCrkC|isbn=9780674926851}}; {{cite book|title=The Oder-Neisse Line: a reappraisal under internaromtional law|author=Phillip A. Bühler|series=East European Monographs|year= 1990|page=33|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riBpAAAAMAAJ|isbn=9780880331746}} and Gogolin became again part of Poland.

A high school was established in 1948, and in 1967 Gogolin was granted town rights.

The town is known for its old regional folk song Poszła Karolinka do Gogolina,{{cite web|url=http://gogolin.pl/797/6564/poszla-karolinka-do-gogolina.html|title=Poszła Karolinka do Gogolina|website=Urząd Miejski w Gogolinie|access-date=14 March 2020|language=pl}} which is a symbol regional Polish traditions.{{cite web|url=http://gogolin.pl/798/6565/herb-i-flaga-miasta-gogolin.html|title=Herb i flaga miasta Gogolin|website=Urząd Miejski w Gogolinie|access-date=14 March 2020|language=pl}} The song's characters of Karolinka and Karlik are depicted in the town's coat of arms, along with a lime kiln, alluding to the town's traditions. There is also a monument of Karolinka and Karlik in the town centre.

Population in 1782–2005.Population figures: 1784: [https://books.google.com/books?id=gyQDAAAAcAAJ&dq=pl%C3%BCmkenau&pg=PA80] – 1830: [https://books.google.com/books?id=0tgAAAAAcAAJ] – 1844: [http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=808&dirids=1] – 1855, 1861: [https://books.google.com/books?id=FKUCAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP7] – 1885: [http://www.retrobibliothek.de/retrobib/seite.html?id=106956] - 1900: [http://www.zeno.org/Meyers-1905/A/Gogolin] - 1910: [http://www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de/gem1900/gem1900.htm?schlesien/gross-strehlitz.htm] – 1933, 1939: [http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/strehlitz.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114074744/http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/strehlitz.html |date=2017-11-14 }} – 1995, 2000, 2005: [http://www.stat.gov.pl/bdr_n/app/strona.indeks]

| valign="top" |

|}

See twin towns of Gmina Gogolin.

• Bernard Blaut (1940–2007), football player and coach, capped 36 times for the Poland national football team
• Zygfryd Blaut (1943–2005), football player and coach, capped one time for the Poland national football team

Gogolin 002.jpg|Town center at night with the culture centre on the left

Mogiła powstańców.JPG|Mass grave of Polish insurgents of 1921

Piece ujęcie 3.JPG|Old lime kilns

2012-02 Gogolin 37.jpg|Polish Post office

2012-02 Gogolin 79.jpg|Municipal library

2012-02 Gogolin 97.jpg|Indoor sports hall

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.gogolin.pl/ Official town webpage]
• [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/gogolin/ Jewish Community in Gogolin] on Virtual Shtetl

{{Gmina Gogolin}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities in Silesia

Category:Cities and towns in Opole Voivodeship

Category:Krapkowice County