Gould family
{{Short description|American business family}}
{{Infobox family
| name = Gould family
| image = {{multiple image
|align=left
|direction=horizontal
|image1= Jay Gould - Bain News Service (cropped).jpg
|width1=85
|caption1=Jay Gould
|image2=George Jay Gould cph.3b12036 (cropped).jpg|
|width2=86
|caption2=George Jay Gould
|image3=Kingdon Gould (1973)(cropped).jpg
|width3=85
|caption3=Kingdon Gould Jr.
}}
| region = New York, U.S.
| origin = Suffolk, England
| founded = {{ubl|1650|{{Time ago|1650}}}}
| founder =Major Nathan Gold
| otherfamilies = Beresford family
Drexel family
House of Talleyrand-Périgord
| estates = Lyndhurst; Hempstead House; George J. Gould House
}}
The Gould family is a wealthy American family that came to prominence in the late 19th century. The family's fortune was primarily earned through a railroad empire built by Jason "Jay" Gould, a notorious "robber baron" during the Gilded Age. At its height, this network comprised the Denver & Rio Grande, Missouri Pacific, Wheeling & Lake Erie, Wabash, Texas Pacific, Western Maryland and International-Great Northern railroads among others.{{sfn|Keys|1907|p=8441}} By the early 20th century, the Goulds lost control over virtually all these railroads largely due to mismanagement by Jay's son, George Jay Gould.{{cite book |last=Treese |first=Lorett |author-link= |date=2006 |title=Railroads of New Jersey: Fragments of the Past in the Garden State Landscape |url= |location= |publisher=Stackpole Books |page=152 |isbn=978-0-8117-3260-4}}
Despite losing the source of much of their wealth, subsequent generations of the family continued to be involved in business, philanthropy, and politics.
History
File:Coat of Arms of Nathan Gold.svg
The Gould family originally settled in Fairfield, Connecticut in 1648-9 under Major Nathan Gold. He was a named petitioner of the Charter of Connecticut of 1662, and raised Gold's Dragoons of the Fairfield Militia. Major Nathan Gold, of the old town of Fairfield, Conn : a summaryof his important public services in the colony of Connecticut / deliveredat the Memorial Library, July 8th, 1882, by William A. BeersBeers, William A.[Bridgeport, Conn.] : Printed by request of the citizens of Fairfield, 1882.https://hdl.handle.net/2027/yale.39002053505450https://goldsdragoons.com/history.html
His son, Nathan Gold Jr., served as Lt. Governor of the Colony, and Chief Justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court. Nathan Gold Jr.'s grandson, Lt. Col. Abraham Gould, the Patriot, was killed in action at the battle of Ridgefield, 1777. His home was burned by the British the following year. He was the first to spell his name "Gould". His son, Abraham Gould Jr. moved from Fairfield, Connecticut, West across the Hudson river to Roxbury, NY. It was in Roxbury where his grandson, Jay Gould, was born.
Family tree
{{Tree list}}
- Jay "Jason" Gould
- George Jay Gould
- Kingdon Gould Sr.
- Silvia Annunziata Gould (1919–1980),
- Edith Kingdon Gould
- Kingdon Gould Jr.
- {{Tree list/final branch}}
- {{Tree list/final branch}}
- {{Tree list/final branch}} Harold Thorne Gould (b.1949)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} Frank Jay Gould (b.1952)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} Candida Gould (b.1954)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} Caleb Comstock Gould (b.1956)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} Annunziata Octavia Gould (b.1960)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} Thalia Thorne Gould (b.1963)
- Jay Gould II
- Jay Gould III (1920–1987)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} Anne Elena Gould (1954–1990)
- {{Tree list/final branch}} Jay Gould IV (1961–2016)
- Marjorie Gwynne Gould
- Edith Kingdon Drexel (1911–1934)
- Anthony Joseph Drexel IV (1912–1948)
- Marjorie Gould Drexel (1916–1947)
- Helen Vivien Gould
- Eileen Vivien de la Poer Beresford (1912-?)
- Catherine Moya de la Poer Beresford (1913–1967)
- Arthur George Marcus Douglas de la Poer Beresford (1915–1992)
- George Jay Gould II (1896–1963)
- George Jay Gould III (1918–1985)
- Maughan Carter Gould (1920–1986)
- Howard Jay Gould (1928–1998)
- Patrick Jay Gould (1934–2018)
- Edith Catherine Gould
- Stuyvesant Wainwright (1921–2010)
- Caroline DePeyster Wainwright (1924–1969)
- Carroll Livingston Wainwright Jr. (1925–2016)
- Gloria Gould
- Gioia Bishop (1925–1990)
- Edwin Gould
- Edwin Gould Jr. (1894–1917)
- Frank Miller Gould (c.1895–1945)
- Marianne Alice Gould (1925–1957)
- Edwin Jay Gould (1932–1993)
- Helen Miller Gould
- Howard Gould
- Anna Gould
- Marie Louise de Castellane (b. 1896)
- Boniface, Marquis de Castellane (1896–1946)
- Georges Paul Ernest de Castellane (1897/9–1944)
- Georges Gustave de Castellane (c. 1898–1946)
- Jay (Jason) de Castellane (1902–1956)
- Frank Jay Gould
- Dorothy Gould Burns (1904–1969)
- Rolande Graffenried de Villars (b. 1925)
- Dorothy Graffenried de Villars (b. 1927)
- Helen Margaret Gould (1902–1985)
- Helen Daniele de Montenach (b.1924)
- George Frank de Montenach (1926–1991)
- Francoise Florena de Montenach (b.1929)
- Francis Edouard Maret (b.1944)
{{Tree list/end}}
Network
=Associates=
The following is a list of figures closely aligned with or subordinate to the Gould family.
{{colbegin|colwidth=24em}}
- Dominic F. Antonelli Jr.
- S. H. H. Clark
- Abel Corbin
- John F. Dillon
- Sidney Dillon
- "Big Jim" Fisk
- Herbert Melville Hoxie
- Collis Potter Huntington
- Edward Turner Jeffery
- John C. Osgood
- John D. Rockefeller
- Russell Sage
- A. A. Talmage
- William M. Tweed
- Theodoric R. Westbrook
{{colend}}
=Businesses=
The following is a list of businesses in which the Gould family have held a controlling or otherwise significant interest.
{{colbegin|colwidth=24em}}
- Central Branch Union Pacific Railroad{{cite book |last=White |first=Henry Kirke |author-link= |date=1895 |title=History of the Union Pacific Railway |url= |location= |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=52 |isbn=}}
- Central Railroad of New Jersey{{cite book |last=Steinmetz |first=Greg |author-link= |date=2023 |title=American Rascal: How Jay Gould Built Wall Street's Biggest Fortune |url= |location= |publisher=Simon & Schuster |page=183 |isbn=978-1-9821-0741-3}}
- Colorado Fuel and Iron
- Continental Match Company{{sfn|Sarokin|Schulkin|2020|p=96}}
- Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad
- Denver and Rio Grande Railway{{sfn|Drury|2007|p=305}}
- Erie Railroad (1868-1872){{cite book |last=Grant |first=H. Roger |author-link= |date=2019 |orig-date=2004 |title="Follow the Flag": A History of the Wabash Railroad Company |url= |location= |publisher=Northern Illinois University Press |page=52 |isbn=978-1-5017-4777-9}}
- Gould Property CompanyMcQuaid, Kevin L. "Manekin Starts Work on Big P.G. Co. Mixed-Use Project." Baltimore Business Journal. November 15, 1991.
- Hôtel Le Provençal{{cite magazine |author= |title=A Piece of History Reborn |url=https://francetoday.com/archives/a-piece-of-history-reborn/ |magazine=France Today |location= |publisher= |date=9 January 2009 |access-date=28 October 2024}}
- International—Great Northern Railroad{{sfn|Keys|1907|p=8441}}{{cite web|last1=Vivian |first1=Julia L. |date=1995 |orig-date=1905 |title=Jay Gould |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fgo21 |website=Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |access-date=2024-03-07}}
- Kansas Pacific Railway{{sfn|Douglas|2007|p=494}}
- Manhattan Railway Company
- Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad{{cite book |last=Young |first=Jan |author-link= |date=2016 |orig-date=2009 |title=Studebaker and the Railroads - Volume 2 |url= |location= |publisher=Lulu.com |page=125 |isbn=978-0-557-09383-0}}
- Missouri Pacific Railway{{cite book |last=Morris |first=Charles M. |author-link= |date=2005 |title=The Tycoons:How Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould and J.P. Morgan Invented the American Supereconomy |url= |location=New York City, NY |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |pages=144–145 |isbn=978-0-8050-8134-3}}{{cite book |last=Solomon |first=Brian |author-link= |date=2014 |title=North American Railroads: The Illustrated Encyclopedia |url= |location= |publisher=Voyageur Press |page=194 |isbn=978-0-7603-4736-2}}
- New York World{{sfn|Douglas|2007|p=494}}
- Parking Management Inc.{{cite news |last=Kelly |first=Jacques |date=2018 |title=Kingdon Gould Jr., Former Ambassador and Astute Parking Lot Investor, Dies at 94 |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2018/01/19/kingdon-gould-jr-former-ambassador-and-astute-parking-lot-investor-dies-at-94/ |work=The Baltimore Sun |location= |access-date=2024-03-08}}
- Rutland and Washington Railroad{{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Denis Tilden |author-link= |date=1927 |title="Boss" Tweed: The Story of a Grim Generation, Volume 25 |url= |location= |publisher=Boni and Liveright |page=105 |isbn=}}
- St. Louis Southwestern Railway {{sfn|Keys|1907|p=8441}}
- Tenth National Bank{{cite book |last=White |first=Trumbull |title=Wizard of Wall Street and his wealth, or, The life and deeds of Jay Gould |publisher=J.C. Yorston |year=1893 |url=https://archive.org/details/wizardofwallstre00whit |page=481}}
- Texas and Pacific Railway
- Union Pacific Railroad (1874-1878){{sfn|Douglas|2007|p=494}}
- Virginia Railway & Power Company
- Wabash Railroad{{cite book |last=Treese |first=Lorett |author-link= |date=2012 |orig-date=2003 |title=Railroads of Pennsylvania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=alIwdzyaZC4C |location=Mechanicsburg, PA |publisher=Stackpole Books |page=268 |isbn=978-0-8117-0011-5}}
- Western Maryland Railroad{{sfn|Keys|1907|p=8441}}
- Western Pacific Railroad{{cite book |last=Farnsworth |first=Robert S. |author-link= |date=2017 |title=The Grand Western Railroad Game: The History of the Chicago, Rock Island, & Pacific Railroads. Volume I: The Empire Years: 1850 Up to the Great War |url= |location= |publisher=Dorrance Publishing |page=362 |isbn=978-1-4809-2707-0}}
- Western Union{{sfn|Douglas|2007|p=494}}{{cite book |editor-last=Kohn |editor-first=George C. |title=The New Encyclopedia of American Scandal |date=2001 |url=| location= |publisher=Infobase Publishing |pages=159–160 |isbn=0-8160-4420-1}}
- Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad{{sfn|Keys|1907|p=8441}}
{{colend}}
Philanthropy & Miscellaneous Nonprofit Organizations
The following is a list of philanthropies and nonprofit institutions which were made by or otherwise have been closely tied to the Gould family.
- American Yacht Club (New York)
- Capital Crescent Trail
- Edwin Gould Foundation for Children {{sfn|Hutto|2006|p=64}}
- Glenelg Country School
- Gould Memorial Library (Bronx Community College)
- Gould Park[https://www.villagehistorian.org/NotableQuotes.htm Village Historian]
- Hall of Fame for Great Americans
- Jay Gould Memorial Reformed Church (Roxbury, New York)[http://www.churches.rca.org/gouldchurch/history.htm History of the Reformed Church of Roxbury, Delaware County, New York] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923222102/http://www.churches.rca.org/gouldchurch/history.htm |date=September 23, 2008 }}, churches.rca.org; accessed November 14, 2024.
- John More Association{{cite book |last1=More |first1=Grace Van Dyke |title=Chronicles of the More Family |date=1955 |publisher=John More Association |url=https://archive.org/details/chroniclesofmore00more}}
- Women's National War Relief Association
- Gould Hall, Robert College of Istanbul, Turkey
References
{{reflist|30em}}
Sources
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite encyclopedia |last=Douglas |first=George H. |editor-last1=Middleton |editor-first1=William D. |editor-last2=Smerk |editor-first2=George M. |editor-last3=Diehl |editor-first3=Roberta L. |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of North American Railroads |title=Geography and Railroad Development |date=2007 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=978-0-253-34916-3 |page=494 }}
- {{cite encyclopedia |last=Drury |first=George H. |editor-last1=Middleton |editor-first1=William D. |editor-last2=Smerk |editor-first2=George M. |editor-last3=Diehl |editor-first3=Roberta L. |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of North American Railroads |title=Colorado & Southern Railway |date=2007 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=978-0-253-34916-3 |page=305 }}
- {{cite book |last=Hutto |first=Richard Jay |author-link= |date=2006 |title=Their Gilded Cage: The Jekyll Island Club Members |url= |location= |publisher=Henchard Press Ltd. |page= |isbn=978-0-9770912-2-5}}
- {{cite journal |last=Keys |first=C.M. |date=January 1907 |title=The Sick Man of the Railroad Powers |journal=The World's Work: A History of Our Time |volume=XIII |pages=8441–8442 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3IfNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA8441 }}
- {{cite book |last1=Sarokin |first1=David |last2=Schulkin |first2=Jay |author-link= |date=2020 |title=The Corporation: Its History and Future |url= |location= |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |page= |isbn=978-1-5275-4868-8}}
{{refend}}
Category:American railway entrepreneurs