Gramos

{{Short description|Mountain on the Albanian-Greek border}}

{{About||the community in the Kastoria regional unit|Gramos, Greece}}

{{Distinguish|text=Gramë, a mountain in the north of Albania}}

{{Infobox mountain

| name = Gramos

| other_name = Gramoz

| photo = Grammospeak.jpg

| photo_size =

| photo_caption = View of the southern face of Gramoz

| map = Albania#Greece

| highest =

| elevation = {{convert|2523|m|abbr=on}}

| prominence_m = 1303

| prominence_ref = {{Cite web |title=Balkan Peninsula – World Ribus |url=https://worldribus.org/balkan-peninsula/ |website=www.worldribus.org |language=en-GB}}

| listing =

| parent_peak =

| isolation = {{convert|1.4|km|abbr=on}}

| coordinates = {{coord|40.462562|N|20.931761|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}

| length =

| width =

| area =

| volume =

| etymology =

| nickname =

| translation =

| location =

| country = {{ALB}}
{{GRE}}

| region = Southern Mountain Region

| settlement_type = Municipality

| settlement = Kolonjë, Konitsa, Nestorio

| range = Moravë-Mali i Vashës

| borders_on =

| formed_by =

| age = Paleogene

| type = mountain chain

| geology = flysch, limestone

| first_ascent =

| normal_route =

}}

Gramos ({{langx|el|Γράμος}} or Γράμμος; {{langx|sq|Gramoz, Mali i Gramozit}}; {{langx|rup|Gramosta}}, {{lang|rup|Gramusta}}, {{lang|rup|Yramos}} or {{lang|rup|Yramustea}}) is a mountain chain situated on the border of Albania and Greece. Part of the larger northern Pindus mountain range, its highest peak, Maja e Çukapeçit, rises at an elevation of {{convert|2523|m|abbr=on}}.[http://catsg.org/balkanlynx/04_land-use/4_3_protected-area/protected-areas/Pdfs/Korakis_2001_Mount_Gammos_Greece.pdf Yorgos Korakis: Description and Protection Status of Mount Gammos (Northwest Greece). In: ARCTUROS o.J. S. 157 f.]

Geography

File:Mount Grammos Oros.jpg

From the Albanian side, Gramos lies on the eastern edge of Kolonjë municipality, bounded in the northwest by the Morava mountain and in the southeast by Kamenik. It continues beyond the state border, into Greece, extending along the boundaries of Ioannina and Kastoria regional units, neighboured by the Smolikas chain to the south and Voio to the east.{{cite book|last1=Buda|first1=Aleks|title=Fjalori Enciklopedik Shqiptar |date=1985|publisher=Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH|location=Tiranë|page=318}}

Geology

The mountain mass consists mainly of paleogene flysch, with smaller amounts of lower flysch and limestone, resulting in a complex tectonic structure. Above heights of {{convert|1500-1600|m|abbr=on}}, various glacial features such as cirques and glacial valleys can be observed. The western and northwestern slopes of the mountain give rise to various branches of the Osum and Devoll rivers. Conversely, the northeastern and southern slopes are drained by the branches of Aliakmonas and Sarantaporos rivers.{{cite book|last1=Kabo|first1=Mevlan|title=Gjeografia Fizike e Shqipërisë|date=1991|publisher=Qendra e Studimeve Gjeografike|location=Tiranë|pages=271–273|edition=1.2}}

Biodiversity

Alpine meadows thrive in the northern and central regions, while the southern part is characterized by lush beech and conifer forests.{{cite web |author1=IUCN, European Green Belt |title=The Green Belt of Europe From Vision to Reality |url=http://www.europeangreenbelt.org/fileadmin/content/downloads/publications/From_Vision_To_Reality_GBEurope.pdf |website=europeangreenbelt.org |pages=80 |language=English |access-date=2018-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018211718/http://www.europeangreenbelt.org/fileadmin/content/downloads/publications/From_Vision_To_Reality_GBEurope.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-18 |url-status=dead }}

See also

References