Green Line (Calgary)

{{Short description|Future light rail line in Calgary, Alberta}}

{{Update|inaccurate=yes|reason=The Green Line project is currently in limbo due to the Government of Alberta rescinding their share of the funding|date=September 2024}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2024}}

{{Infobox rail line

| name = Green Line

| color = {{rcr|CTrain|Green}}

| image =

| image_width =

| logo = Green_Line_Icon.svg

| logo_width = 30px

| caption =

| type = Light rail

| system = CTrain

| status = New Alignment Approved {{cite web |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/10982057/calgary-city-council-approves-new-green-line-plan/ |title=Calgary city council approves new Green Line plan with shovels in the ground this year |last=MacVicar |first=Adam|date=January 29, 2025 |website=Global News |access-date=January 29, 2025}}

| locale = Calgary, Alberta, Canada

| start = SE Segment: Event Centre/Grand Central Station
Full vision: 160 Avenue N

| end = SE Segment: Shepard Station
Full vision: Seton

| stations = SE Segment: 10
Full vision: 29

| routes =

| daily_ridership =

| planopen = ≈ 2031{{cite web|title=When will the Green Line LRT open?|url=https://www.calgary.ca/green-line/about/faqs-and-resources.html|website=FAQs and resources|access-date=June 15, 2024}}

| open =

| close =

| owner = Calgary Transit

| operator = Calgary Transit

| character = At-grade and elevated street running

| depot = Shepard

| stock = CAF Urbos 100{{cite web |title=LRV CALGARY|url=https://www.caf.net/en/soluciones/proyectos/proyecto-detalle.php?p=321|website=LRVs and tram-trains |access-date=June 15, 2024}}

| linelength = SE Segment: {{convert|16|km|mi}}
Full vision: {{convert|46|km|mi}}

| tracklength =

| tracks = 2

| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg}}

| electrification = Overhead lines, 750 V DC{{cite web |title=SD160 Light Rail Vehicle: Calgary, Canada |publisher=Siemens Transportation Systems, Inc |quote=Catenary supply voltage: 600 Vdc |url=http://www.mobility.siemens.com/shared/data/pdf/sts_usa_internet/calgary_sd160.pdf |year=2007 |access-date=January 23, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026082202/http://www.mobility.siemens.com/shared/data/pdf/sts_usa_internet/calgary_sd160.pdf |archive-date=October 26, 2010 }}

| speed = {{convert|80|km/h|mi/h}}

| elevation =

| website = {{URL|www.calgary.ca/greenline}}

| routenumber = 203

| map = {{Green Line (Calgary)}}

| map_name = Map diagram

| map_state = collapsed

}}

The Green Line, also known as Route 203, is a planned expansion of the light rail (LRT) network in Calgary, Alberta, planned to run between Calgary's north-central and southeastern boundaries, connecting with the Red Line and Blue Line in the city's downtown. The Green Line would be the largest public infrastructure project in Calgary's history{{Cite web |last=Krause |first=Darren |date=June 17, 2020 |title=Province to review Calgary Green Line plan: McIver letter |url=https://livewirecalgary.com/2020/06/17/province-to-review-calgary-green-line-plan-mciver-letter/ |access-date=September 21, 2020 |website=LiveWire Calgary}} and the first rail line in the city to operate low-floor trains if built.{{Cite web |title=Green Line Stage One |url=https://engage.calgary.ca/greenline |access-date=September 21, 2020 |website=Engage}}{{Cite web |title=Experience the LRV ride {{!}} Green Line LRT |url=https://www.calgary.ca/green-line/green-line-for-riders/green-line-experience-low-floor-vehicle-ride.html |access-date=September 26, 2022 |website=www.calgary.ca}} If completed, the full vision of the Green Line would comprise 29 stations spanning {{Convert|46|km}}, bringing the total number of CTrain stations in Calgary to 74.

Like the Red Line and Blue Line, the Green Line will be constructed in phases. The first segment to be constructed will be the SE Segment, with 10 stations and 16 km of track from Event Centre/Grand Central Station to Shepard.{{Cite web |title=Green light for the Green Line! |url=https://www.calgary.ca/green-line/green-line-news/article-engine/green-light-for-green-line.html |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=www.calgary.ca |language=en}} The project is funded with three roughly equal contributions from the City of Calgary, the Government of Alberta, and the Government of Canada.

Major construction was planned to begin in early 2021 but was delayed to April 2022 after Alberta's United Conservative provincial government failed to contribute the province's pledged portion of the line's funding. The government rebuked the project as a "line to nowhere", asserting that the City of Calgary did not have "any credible plan" despite nearly four decades of research and planning.{{Cite web|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/nenshi-says-provincial-foot-dragging-could-delay-green-line-work|title=Nenshi says provincial 'foot-dragging' could delay Green Line work |work=Calgary Herald|access-date=September 5, 2024}}{{Cite web |title=Green Line LRT procurement process stopped in its tracks due to provincial funding uncertainty |date=December 17, 2020 |url=https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/green-line-lrt-procurement-process-stopped-in-its-tracks-due-to-provincial-funding-uncertainty-1.5235444}} This came after months of speculation from city officials, politicians, and journalists that the provincial government and others associated with the United Conservative Party were attempting to stifle or cancel the Green Line.

Due to the provincial government's actions, the City of Calgary temporarily paused the project's procurement though planning, pre-construction and public engagement continued through 2021. Delays persisted until the project received final approval from Alberta's provincial government on July 7, 2021,{{Cite web|title=Elbow bumps all around: Trudeau meets face to face with Kenney and Nenshi in Calgary|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/prime-minister-justin-trudeau-meets-with-kenney-and-nenshi-in-calgary|access-date=July 15, 2021|website=Calgary Herald}} hours after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau met privately with Jason Kenney in Calgary. This meant the project had full approval from all three orders of government and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau stated "The money is there and the agreements are signed, so regardless of an election, the Green Line is going to go forward."{{Cite web|title=Sprawlcast: An interview with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau|url=https://www.sprawlalberta.com/sprawlcast-father-of-the-green-line-and-justin-trudeau|access-date=July 15, 2021|website=The Sprawl|date=July 10, 2021 }}

Construction of the Green Line officially began in April 2022 with PCL Construction selected as the construction management contractor for utility relocation work.{{Cite web |title=PCL begins Calgary's Green Line utility relocation - REMI Network |url=https://www.reminetwork.com/articles/pcl-begins-calgarys-green-line-utility-relocation/ |access-date=May 28, 2021 |website=REMINET}} The Green Line Board released the Request for Proposals (RFP) to select a proponent to construct Phase 1 on September 26, 2022. In April 2023, Green Line entered the Development Phase of the project and began the comprehensive design of the alignment.{{Cite web |title=Green Line names Bow Transit Connectors as Development Partner |url=https://www.calgary.ca/content/www/en/home/green-line/green-line-news/article-engine/apr-28-2023-green-line-bow-transit-connectors-development-partner.html |access-date=August 8, 2024 |website=www.calgary.ca}} On July 30, 2024, Calgary City Council approved a revised Green Line Phase 1 project scope, capital funding request, and delivery model, as recommended by the Green Line Board. The revised scope deferred the underground Centre Street Station for the future and shortened the line to end at Lynwood/Millican. It also moved the Maintenance and Storage Facility from Shepard to Highfield. Construction of the remainder of the Council-approved Phase 1 south to Shepard, and any future extensions north or south as outlined in the approved Stage 1 alignment plan, will proceed when additional funding is in place. This comes following increased cost pressures identified as the design was advanced. The revised Phase 1 scope from Eau Claire to Lynwood/Millican is anticipated to be completed in 2031.{{Cite web |title=FAQs and resources |url=https://www.calgary.ca/content/www/en/home/green-line/about/faqs-and-resources.html |access-date=August 4, 2024 |website=Green Line LRT}}

Description

File:Green Line Full Vision Alignment Map.png

The Green Line LRT will be an urban and suburban light-rail line using low-floor trains, the CAF Urbos 100, integrated as part of Calgary's CTrain system. Like the rest of Calgary's rail transit network, the Green Line will be entirely powered by wind power.{{Cite web|url=https://pub-calgary.escribemeetings.com/filestream.ashx?DocumentId=9089|title=The City of Calgary: Investing in the Calgary Green Line|accessdate=September 5, 2024}} Operation of the line will be publicly funded by municipal taxation along with rider fares, and will be administered by Calgary Transit.

Generally, stations will be smaller and less elaborate than existing CTrain stations, due to the use of low-floor trains. The SE Segment, from Shepard to Event Centre/Grand Central Station, will run as a light metro similar to the existing Red Line and Blue Line, with dedicated tracks, bells and gates on at-grade crossings and free standing stations. The track between 26 Avenue SE station and Ramsay/Inglewood station will be elevated on a guideway similar to the existing Sunalta station.

Future phases of the full 46km Green Line vision include a bridge crossing the Bow River northwards, with two multi-use pathways, and connecting to Centre Street, north of the Centre Street Bridge. The train will then run northward in the centre two lanes of Centre Street in a dedicated right of way as an urban tramway, leaving two lanes for car traffic south of McKnight Boulevard and four lanes north of McKnight Boulevard. Stations sound of 26 Avenue SE will be at-grade stations with a section of elevated track crossing the intersection of Barlow Trail SE and 114 Avenue SE.

The train will run without gates, bells or fences on most at-grade crossings along Centre Street. The train will then continue northward; tracks will eventually enter into the median of Harvest Hills Boulevard, and the line will eventually span north of Stoney Trail into the exurban community of Keystone.{{Cite web|title=Green Line - Segment 2 :: Green Line Stage One|url=https://engage.calgary.ca/greenline/green-line-segment-2|website=Engage |access-date=May 18, 2020}}{{Cite web|title=Green Line Long Term Vision Report|url=https://lrtonthegreen.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Green-Line-Long-Term-Vision-Report-Part-1.pdf}}

Stations and route

{{main|List of CTrain stations}}

The full vision of the line will run from north-central to southeast Calgary on {{Convert|46|km}} of track and will feature 29 stations. This will bring the total number of CTrain stations in Calgary to 74. The planned Green Line corridor is currently served via three bus rapid transit (BRT) routes: Route 300 (operating the Calgary International Airport and downtown, primarily along Centre Street), Route 301 (between North Pointe and downtown){{cite web |url=https://www.calgarytransit.com/sites/default/files/route/301_apr_2019.pdf |title=BRT North/Downtown, Route 301 |publisher=Calgary Transit |access-date=May 16, 2019}} and Route 302 (between Seton and downtown).{{cite web |url=https://www.calgarytransit.com/sites/default/files/route/302_apr_2019.pdf |title=BRT Southeast, Route 302 |publisher=Calgary Transit |access-date=May 16, 2019}} Like the Red Line and Blue Line, the Green Line will be built in stages. Stage one of construction will extend from 16 Avenue N at 16 Avenue N station, through downtown Calgary, to 126 Avenue SE at Shepard station.{{Cite web|url=https://www.calgary.ca/content/dam/www/transportation/green-line/documents/green-line-benefits-infographic-placemat.pdf|title=Calgary Green Line Info graphics Place mat|accessdate=September 5, 2024}}

Stage 1 of construction will be built incrementally in smaller phases:{{cite web |title=Green Line LRT announces Phase 1 RFQ shortlist winners - constructconnect.com |url=https://canada.constructconnect.com/joc/news/infrastructure/2022/08/green-line-lrt-announces-phase-1-rfq-shortlist-winners |website=Journal Of Commerce |access-date=October 30, 2022 |date=August 1, 2022}}

File:Green Line Revised Scope Phase 1 Map.jpg

class="wikitable"

|+ Key

style="background-color:#ddffdd"| †Terminus (final build-out)
style="background-color:#ddffdd"| ‡Terminus (phase one)
style="background-color:#BBF3FF"| ‡‡Terminus (Stage one)

=Green Line (Stage One)=

class="wikitable sortable"
Station{{Cite web|url=https://s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/hdp.ca.prod.app.cgy-engage.files/2315/8931/7577/2020_May_Engagement_Boards-Stage_1_V2.pdf|title=City of Calgary Route Ahead Plan (Updated May 2020)|accessdate=September 5, 2024}}

! Grade

OpeningPlatform typedata-sort-type="number" | Parking spaces{{cite web| title=Park & Ride Locations - Calgary Transit|url=https://www.calgarytransit.com/park-ride-locations|website=www.calgarytransit.com|access-date=February 2, 2018}}class="unsortable" | Approximate location
colspan=6 style="background:#{{rcr|CTrain|Green}};"|
z

| style="background-color:#bbf3ff"| 16 Avenue N‡‡

At-gradeTBDCentreNone

| On Centre Street N, between 16 Avenue and 14 Avenue N in Crescent Heights, on the southern edge of Tuxedo Park

9 Avenue NAt-gradeTBDSideNone

| On Centre Street N, between 9 Avenue and 7 Avenue N in Crescent Heights, near Rotary Park

style="background-color:#ddffdd"| Eau ClaireUnderground2031CentreNone

| Under Eau Claire, near the Bow River and Prince's Island Park, northwest of Riverfront Avenue and 2 Street SW

7 Avenue SWUnderground2031CentreNone

| Under 7 Avenue and 2 Street SW in Downtown Calgary, connection to the Red Line and Blue Line

Centre Street SUndergroundTBDCentreNone

| Under 11 Avenue SE, south of the Calgary Tower in the Beltline

4 Street SEAt-grade2031CentreNone

| Under 11 Avenue SE, east of Olympic Way SE, at Stampede Park in the Beltline

Ramsay/InglewoodElevated2031SideNone

| Adjacent to the existing freight railroad tracks near 11 Avenue SE, elevated over 12 Street SE in Inglewood and Ramsay

26 Avenue SEElevated2031SideNone

| At 26 Avenue and 11 Street SE, elevated west of the Crossroads Market

HighfieldAt-grade2031CentreNone

| Near Highfield Boulevard and Ogden Road SE, in Highfield, the city's oldest industrial area

style="background-color:#ddffdd"| Lynnwood/MillicanAt-grade2031Side600

| At Ogden Road and Millican Road SE adjacent to the Pop Davies Athletic Park in Lynnwood and Millican Estates

OgdenAt-gradeTBDSideNone

| In the community of Ogden, at the Canadian Pacific Railway headquarters

South HillAt-gradeTBDSideNone

| Near Glenmore Trail and 24 Street SE adjacent to Riverbend

Quarry ParkAt-gradeTBDSideNone

| Near Quarry Park Boulevard, along 26 Street SE in Quarry Park

Douglas GlenAt-gradeTBDSide600

| Adjacent to 114 Avenue SE near Deerfoot Trail in Douglasdale/Douglasglen

style="background-color:#bbf3ff"| Shepard‡‡At-gradeTBDSide600

| Near 126 Avenue SE, at the South Trail Crossing shopping centre

= Planned northern expansion =

class="wikitable sortable"
Station

! Grade

OpeningPlatform typedata-sort-type="number" | Parking spacesclass="unsortable" | Approximate location
colspan=6 style="background:#{{rcr|CTrain|Green}};"|
style="background-color:#ddffdd"| 160 Avenue N†At-gradeTBDCentreNone

| On Centre Street N, at 160 Avenue N, in the outer suburban community of Keystone

144 Avenue NAt-gradeTBDCentreNone

| On Centre Street N, at 144 Avenue N, north of Stoney Trail, in the community of Livingston

North PointeAt-gradeTBDCentreTBD

| On Harvest Hills Boulevard, at Panamount Boulevard in Coventry Hills and Panorama Hills

96 Avenue NAt-gradeTBDSideTBD

| On Harvest Hills Boulevard, at 96 Street N in Country Hills and Harvest Hills, future Calgary International Airport connection

BeddingtonAt-gradeTBDSideTBD

| On Centre Street N, at Beddington Boulevard in Beddington Heights

64 Avenue NAt-gradeTBDSideNone

| On Centre Street N, at 64 Avenue N in Huntington Hills

ThorncliffeAt-gradeTBDSideNone

| On Centre Street N, at McKnight Blvd in Thorncliffe

40 Avenue NAt-gradeTBDSideNone

| On Centre Street N, at 40 Avenue N in Highland Park near the Greenview industrial area

28 Avenue NAt-gradeTBDSideNone

| On Centre Street N, at 28 Avenue N in Tuxedo Park

= Planned airport expansion =

class="wikitable sortable"
Station

! Grade

OpeningPlatform typedata-sort-type="number" | Parking spacesclass="unsortable" | Approximate location
colspan="6" style="background:#{{rcr|CTrain|Green}};" |
style="background-color:#ddffdd" | 88 Avenue NE†At-gradeTBDTBDTBD

|

36 Street NEAt-gradeTBDTBDTBD

|

Airport TerminalAt-gradeTBDTBDAt YYC

|

AeroAt-gradeTBDTBDTBD

|

Auora

|At-grade

|TBD

|TBD

|TBD

|

96 Avenue NAt-gradeTBDTBDTBD

|

=Planned southeastern expansion=

class="wikitable sortable"
Station

! Grade

OpeningPlatform typedata-sort-type="number" | Parking spacesclass="unsortable" | Approximate location
colspan=6 style="background:#{{rcr|CTrain|Green}};"|
PrestwickAt-gradeTBDSideTBD

| Adjacent to New Brighton at Prestwick Gate and 52 Street SE

McKenzie TowneAt-gradeTBDSideTBD

| In McKenzie Towne at McKenzie Towne Avenue and 52 Street SE

Auburn Bay{{nbsp}}/ MahoganyAt-gradeTBDSideTBD

| In Auburn Bay and Mahogany, at Auburn Meadows Avenue and 52 Street SE, south of Stoney Trail

South HospitalAt-gradeTBDSideNone

| At the South Health Campus, adjacent to Market Street SE

style="background-color:#ddffdd"| Seton†At-gradeTBDCentreTBD

| At Seton Avenue and Seton Way SE, in the community of Seton

=Expansion timeline and funding=

Though the alignment and general design of future expansions have been approved by the city council, the timeline and funding of future extensions has not yet been determined. Construction stage one builds the most complex and the most expensive segment of the line first - allowing incremental, relatively simple expansion of the line as funding becomes available. The full build-out of the line is estimated to require an additional CA$2–3 billion.

In 2019, several potential Stage 2 build-outs were evaluated for variable amounts of potential future funding. These were:{{cite news|author=Hudes, Sammy|date=March 18, 2019|title=Next Green Line phase might only extend north to 64th Avenue|newspaper=Calgary Herald|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/next-green-line-phase-might-only-extend-north-to-64-avenue-leaving-advocates-disappointed|access-date=May 16, 2019}}

  • $250–400 million:
  • South to McKenzie Towne
  • $400–700 million:
  • North to 40 Avenue N or
  • South to Auburn Bay{{nbsp}}/ Mahogany
  • $700 million–$1 billion:
  • North to 64 Avenue N or
  • South to Seton or
  • North to 40 Avenue N and south to Auburn Bay{{nbsp}}/ Mahogany

=Additional infrastructure=

When completed, Stage 1 of the Green Line will feature:

  • 40–45 low floor light rail trains, each {{Convert|40|m}} long
  • {{Convert|20|km}} of track
  • 15 stations (10 at-grade, 3 underground, 2 elevated)
  • 3 park and ride facilities with a total of 1,800 – 1,900 stalls (Lynnwood/Millican, Douglas Glen, and Shepard)
  • {{Convert|1|km}} of elevated track between Ramsay/Inglewood to 26 Avenue SE stations
  • 1 light rail vehicle (LRV) maintenance and storage facility, at Highfield{{Cite web |title=Highfield |url=https://www.calgary.ca/content/www/en/home/green-line/stations/highfield.html |access-date=August 4, 2024 |website=Green Line LRT}}

When the full line is complete, it will also feature 12 bridges, 10 park and ride facilities (with 5,000 to 6,000 parking stalls), 10 tunnels (including the {{convert|2|km|adj=on|abbr=on}}-long centre city tunnel from 2 St SW in Eau Claire to 11 Av SE in Victoria Park), a bridge connecting Eau Claire to Centre Street North, and 2 LRV maintenance and storage facilities (at Shepard and 96 Avenue N).{{cite report|chapter-url=https://www.calgary.ca/Transportation/TI/GreenLineDocuments/GL-Long-Term-Vision-FINAL-Reduced_Part3.pdf|title=Green Line LRT Long Term Vision: 160 Avenue N to Seton|date=October 2017|publisher=City of Calgary|access-date=May 16, 2019|chapter=Alignment and Station Overview}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Impact

When the full vision is completed, from 160 Ave N to Seton, it's expected that 140,000 people will ride the Green Line every day. Stage 1 of construction is expected to have a daily ridership of 65,000 people. The city plans on creating many high density transit oriented development along the line once it is complete similar to how some areas around the existing C-Train lines have been redeveloped. The line will reduce travel times for existing north-central BRT and southeast BRT riders by an average of 25 minutes.

The project is part of the cities plan to reduce emissions and meet Canada's Paris Agreement targets. Like the current C-Train Lines, the Green Line will be entirely powered by wind generated electricity and is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 67,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year, equivalent to 14,200 fewer vehicles on Calgary's roadways.{{Cite web|url=https://www.calgary.ca/content/dam/www/transportation/green-line/documents/GL-Long-Term-Vision-FINAL-Reduced-Part2.pdf|title=The City of Calgary: ADDRESSING CALGARY'S NEEDS WITH GREEN LINE LRT|accessdate=September 5, 2024}}{{Cite web|url=https://pub-calgary.escribemeetings.com/filestream.ashx?DocumentId=9089|title=City of Calgary: Investing in Calgary's Green Line LRT|accessdate=September 5, 2024}}

Deerfoot Trail is currently the primary transportation route from north-central to southeast Calgary. It is the busiest freeway in Alberta, and suffers from chronic congestion. Calgarians spent an average of 15.7 hours in peak hour congestion in 2016.{{Cite web|title=CBC: Deerfoot Trail congestion|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/city-of-calgary-deerfoot-short-term-improvements-1.4132660}} The Green Line alignment runs roughly parallel to Deerfoot Trail and when finished will provide a competitive alternative to driving on the freeway resulting in an improved quality of life for Calgarians and reduced congestion on Deerfoot and its connecting roads.

= Anticipated Ridership =

class="wikitable"

|+

!Stations{{Cite web |title=List of stations {{!}} Green Line LRT |url=https://www.calgary.ca/green-line/green-line-for-riders/green-line-stations.html |access-date=January 1, 2024 |website=www.calgary.ca}}

!2028

!2048

Eau Claire

|6,500

|9,200

7 Avenue SW

|22,600

|34,600

Centre Street S

|3,400

|5,400

4 Street SE

|1,800

|6,500

Ramsay/Inglewood

|2,900

|4,900

26 Avenue S

|700

|1,700

Highfield

|1,000

|1,600

Lynnwood/Millican

|1,100

|1,400

Ogden

|1,300

|2,000

South Hill

|2,100

|3,200

Quarry Park

|900

|2,100

Douglas Glen

|2,900

|3,100

Shepard

|11,400

|15,200

History

=Early history=

Trams ran on the surface of Centre Street for 41 years, from 1909 to 1950.{{Cite web|date=May 10, 2018|title=The City of Calgary's Transit History|url=https://thegauntlet.ca/2018/05/10/the-city-of-calgarys-transit-history/|access-date=June 21, 2020|website=The Gauntlet}} The Green Line will restore the historic alignment of Calgary's trams, running trains on the surface of Centre Street as well.

The Green Line was first envisioned in 1983, two years after Calgary's first LRT line opened.{{Cite web|last=Keating|first=Shane|date=September 20, 2019|title=A (somewhat) Brief History of the Green Line|url=http://www.shanekeating.ca/2019/09/20/a-somewhat-brief-history-of-the-green-line/|access-date=June 22, 2020|website=Shane Keating — Councillor Ward 12}} As early as 1986, the communities of McKenzie Towne, New Brighton and Copperfield had set aside land along 52 Street SE for the future line. In 1987, the city then conducted the Southeast Mass Transit Corridor Study and concluded that southeast Calgary would one day require a dedicated light rail line.{{Cite web|url=https://www.calgarytransit.com/sites/default/files/reports/southeast_lrt_compendium.pdf|title=Southeast Mass Transit Corridor Study|accessdate=September 5, 2024}}

=Original proposal=

In 2010, the city anticipated that the Green Line would be required before Calgary's population reached 1.25 million, though the city surpassed that population just 5 years later.{{Cite web| title=Calgary's Population, 1958-2019 {{!}} Open Calgary|url=https://data.calgary.ca/Demographics/Calgary-s-Population-1958-2019/as3q-cmd5|access-date=June 22, 2020|website=data.calgary.ca}} Chronic congestion on Deerfoot Trail is partly attributed to the failure to construct the Green Line before the 1.25 million population target.{{Cite web|last=Keating|first=Shane|date=February 24, 2017|title=A Chat About Calgary Congestion|url=https://www.shanekeating.ca/2017/02/24/a-chat-about-calgary-congestion/|access-date=June 30, 2020|website=Shane Keating — Councillor Ward 12}}

In 2011, the city began considering three possible alignments for the north-central leg of the Green Line: along Nose Creek adjacent to Deerfoot Trail, on Edmonton Trail, or on Centre Street. After engagement with the public, the city selected Centre Street as the preferred alignment.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

In 2012, the Green Line was proposed as two separate new lines — one from downtown to north central and one from downtown to the southeast.{{cite news|author=Smith, Kevin|date=October 29, 2012|title=Canada's light rail renaissance|work=International Railway Journal|url=https://www.railjournal.com/in_depth/canadas-light-rail-renaissance|access-date=May 21, 2019}} The division of the line was rejected by council.{{Cite web|title=City council approves Green Line, with conditions to keep it on budget|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/city-councils-final-green-line-vote-expected-tuesday|access-date=June 30, 2020|website=Calgary Herald}} Through 2016, $101 million had been spent on right-of-way acquisition and preliminary studies.{{cite news |url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/city-has-spent-101m-on-green-line-lrt-so-far |title=City has spent $101M on Green Line LRT so far, land acquisition going 'pretty smoothly' |author=Klingbeil, Annalise |date=May 16, 2017 |newspaper=Calgary Herald |access-date=May 16, 2019}}

In May 2017, the city revealed the line's suggested alignment and announced it would be built in stages due to the unexpectedly high costs of certain design choices.{{cite news |url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/first-phase-of-green-line-would-cost-4-65-billion-run-from-crescent-heights-to-shepard |title=First phase of Green Line would cost $4.65 billion, run from Crescent Heights to Shepard |author=Klingbeil, Annalise |date=May 16, 2017 |newspaper=Calgary Herald |access-date=May 16, 2019}} Although the original estimate for the entire 28-station Green Line was $4.5 billion,{{cite news |url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/green-line-lrt-to-be-phased-in-wont-reach-transit-starved-communities-for-years |title=Green Line LRT to be phased in, won't reach transit-starved communities for years |author=Howell, Trevor |date=February 13, 2017 |newspaper=Calgary Herald |access-date=May 16, 2019}} the cost of stage one alone, including the $1.95 billion cost of the centre city tunnel,{{cite news |url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/1-95-billion-underground-tunnel-for-green-line-lrt-recommended-by-city |title=$1.95 billion underground tunnel for Green Line LRT recommended by city |author=Klingbeil, Annalise |date=November 2, 2016 |newspaper=Calgary Herald |access-date=May 16, 2019}} was estimated at $4.65 billion.

=Funding and alignment changes=

In 2015, the Government of Canada announced that it would invest a historic $1.53 billion in the Green Line, the single largest federal investment for an infrastructure project in Alberta.{{Cite web|title=Tories announce $1.5B for Green Line LRT project|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/tories-announce-1-5b-for-green-line-lrt-project|access-date=March 25, 2021|website=Calgary Herald}} In early 2019, Alberta's NDP provincial government committed $1.53 billion in funding paid for by the provincial carbon tax.{{Cite web|date=January 30, 2019|title=Funding arrangement officially secured for first stage of Calgary Transit's Green Line|url=https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/funding-arrangement-officially-secured-for-first-stage-of-calgary-transit-s-green-line-1.4276069|access-date=June 22, 2020|website=Calgary}} Over time, the City of Calgary set aside funding for the Green Line and has designated a $1.53 billion investment in the project. The Green Line is funded by three roughly equal contributions from all three orders of government.

In late 2019, after the 2019 Alberta General Election, the newly elected United Conservative provincial government cut the Green Line's budget by 86 percent{{Cite web|title=Jason Kenney Cuts Green Line Budget 86%|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/green-line-future-provincial-funding-1.5338204}} and passed legislation allowing their government to terminate their contribution "without cause" and with only 90 days notice.{{Cite web|title=Proposed legislation allows UCP cabinet to kill Green Line funding with 90-day notice|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/bill-20-allows-ucp-cabinet-to-kill-green-line-funding-with-90-day-notice|access-date=June 27, 2020|website=Calgary Herald}} This move complicated the city's ability to move forward with the project, hindered the city's access to the federal government's investment and raised uncertainty among potential procurement bidders.

On May 12, 2020, the city announced changes to the alignment of the line to keep the project within budget. The revised alignment replaced the deep-earth tunnel under the Bow River with an elevated guideway over the east end of Prince's Island Park. The elimination of the tunnel under the river significantly reduces construction cost and risk.

The changes also brought the line to the surface between 9 Avenue N and 16 Avenue N, running along the two centre lanes of Centre Street in a dedicated right of way. The Green Line north of 16 Avenue N has been planned as a surface running train since the city's 2017 recommendations. The changes also included the addition of 9 Avenue N station in Crescent Heights, increasing the number of stations in stage one of construction to 15, and bringing the total number of stations to 29. Eau Claire station and 4 Street SE station were moved from being at-grade to underground and the Beltline section of the line was moved one block north to run under 11 Avenue South, rather than under 12 Avenue S as initially recommended.

The plan for a tunnel under the intersection of Barlow Trail and 114 Avenue SE was scrapped in favour of an elevated guideway over the intersection, and the park and ride at Shepard station was revised from a parkade to a surface parking lot.{{Cite web| title=Green Line - Segment 1 :: Green Line Stage One|url=https://engage.calgary.ca/greenline/green-line-segment-1|access-date=September 9, 2020|website=Engage}}{{Cite web| title=Green Line - Segment 2 :: Green Line Stage One|url=https://engage.calgary.ca/greenline/green-line-segment-2|access-date=September 9, 2020|website=Engage}}

On July 30, 2024, the city decided on changes to the phase 1 alignment to address the impact of cost overruns. The revised phase 1 alignment runs from Eau Claire but terminates at Lynnwood/Millican instead of Shepard. The new alignment also moves 4 Street SE from underground to at-grade to better integrate with planned future passenger rail and the planned "Grand Central Station", and moves the Maintenance and Storage Facility to Highfield Station instead of Shepard. The change also includes the deferral of Centre Street S to a future phase in order to minimize cost overruns.{{Cite web |title=Green Line LRT moves forward with a revised Phase 1 project and capital request to address rising costs |url=https://www.calgary.ca/content/www/en/home/green-line/green-line-news/article-engine/green-line-lrt-moves-forward-with-a-revised-phase-1-project.html |access-date=August 4, 2024 |website=Green Line LRT }}

=Opposition=

As the project's approval was looming in early 2020, a group of business people, some with ties to the United Conservative Party,{{Cite web|title=Group that wants pause on Green Line hosted private event with top city officials|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/green-line-private-event-petroleum-club-calgary-1.5467592}} organized an invite only event at the Calgary Petroleum Club with city officials.{{Cite web|title=Green Line poll commissioned by group calling to 'de-risk' LRT tests support for 'alternative plan'|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/green-line-poll-commissioned-by-group-calling-to-de-risk-lrt-tests-support-for-alternative-plan|access-date=June 23, 2020|website=Calgary Herald}} Despite speculation that the group's objective was to cancel the project despite its popular public support,{{Cite web|title=Delay Green Line or risk 'economic catastrophe', business group tells council|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/if-we-stumble-on-this-itll-take-this-city-down-group-of-businessmen-ask-council-to-pause-green-line-project|access-date=July 21, 2020|website=Calgary Herald}}{{Cite web|date=June 26, 2019|title=Calgary businessmen urge city to put the brakes on Green Line LRT|url=https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/calgary-businessmen-urge-city-to-put-the-brakes-on-green-line-lrt-1.4484025|access-date=July 21, 2020|website=Calgary}} some attendees insisted otherwise. One of the participants, oil industry executive and multimillionare Jim Gray, suggested the group was not opposed to the line but instead wanted to "de-risk" it.{{Cite web|date=June 11, 2020|title=Green Line poll tests support for business group's 'alternative plan' |website=Calgary Sun|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/green-line-poll-commissioned-by-group-calling-to-de-risk-lrt-tests-support-for-alternative-plan|access-date=June 23, 2020}}

The group called for replacing half of the rail line with a bus, cancelling the downtown subway, and for the use of high-floor trains.{{Cite web|last=Krause|first=Darren|date=May 25, 2020|title=Groups vie for footing in Calgary's Green Line debate|url=https://livewirecalgary.com/2020/05/25/groups-vie-for-footing-in-calgarys-green-line-debate/|access-date=June 23, 2020|website=LiveWire Calgary}} The group also funneled thousands of dollars into an online advertising campaign opposing the Green Line under the titles of "An Ad Hoc Committee of Calgary Citizens", "Rethink the Green Line", and "Green Line Done Right".

Rethink the Green Line has continued its campaign against the Green Line through 2024. The group has been noted for disseminating disinformation about the project and has made objectively incorrect claims in an attempt to garner opposition, such as the unfounded assertion that property taxes could increase by 90 percent if built.{{Cite web |title=Property taxes could increase ... and go as high as 90% to pay for the entire project. |website=Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/share/p/YWxPxmTvVFqokWis/ }}

The group also published editorials in local newspapers, like the Calgary Herald, making a variety of dubious claims about the project and calling for its pause or cancellation. Additionally, the group hung anti-Green Line flyers in communities around the city and operated a website opposing the Green Line.{{Cite web|date=May 19, 2020|title=Rethink the Green Line {{!}} Home|url=https://www.greenlineinfo.ca/|access-date=May 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519201355/https://www.greenlineinfo.ca/ |archive-date=May 19, 2020 }} In December 2020, the United Conservative Minister of Transportation, Ric McIver, rebuked the Green Line saying in a statement that the train is a "line to nowhere" and the city does not have "any credible plan".{{Cite web|title=City asks to see provincial Green Line report after tense week for LRT project|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/city-asks-to-see-provincial-green-line-report-after-tense-week-for-lrt-project |work=Calgary Herald}} After an additional 6 months of delays subsequent to McIver's statement saying the project's technical plans were inadequate, the province then announced the technical issues had been resolved despite no changes to the line's design or alignment.{{Cite web|title=UCP government wants a "business case" for Calgary's Green Line|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/green-line-lrt-city-council-province-1.6023036}}

Despite the issue cited as the reason the province failed to contribute their pledged portion of the project's funding being resolved, the United Conservative provincial government then announced that it would continue withholding funding, the city needed to produce a new business case for the line, and it would be investing in the widening of Deerfoot Trail.{{Cite web| title=P3 to expand Deerfoot Trail improvements|url=https://www.alberta.ca/news.aspx|access-date=May 18, 2021|website=www.alberta.ca}} The Alberta provincial government has also retained legislation allowing them to revoke their contribution with only 90 days notice. Officials say this move complicates the project's procurement, increased the project's overall cost by millions of dollars and delayed the project by one year.{{Cite web|title='Get on with it': Nenshi says province is 'foot-dragging,' could add millions to Green Line costs|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/nenshi-says-provincial-foot-dragging-could-delay-green-line-work|access-date=March 25, 2021|website=Calgary Herald}} Despite these actions, the provincial government maintains publicly that they support the idea of the Green Line.{{Cite web|last=Villani|first=Mark|date=December 17, 2020|title=Green Line LRT procurement process stopped in its tracks due to provincial funding uncertainty|url=https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/green-line-lrt-procurement-process-stopped-in-its-tracks-due-to-provincial-funding-uncertainty-1.5235444|access-date=March 25, 2021|website=Calgary}}{{Cite web|title=Green Line construction in 2021 now a 'fantasy' as contract pause drags on, supporters say|url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/green-line-construction-in-2021-now-a-fantasy-as-contract-pause-drags-on-supporters-say|access-date=March 29, 2021|website=Calgary Herald}}

On July 7, 2021, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau met privately with then-Alberta Premier Jason Kenney at the Fairmount Palliser Hotel in downtown Calgary. Less than three hours later, the Alberta Government announced it had approved the Green Line without modifications and would contribute their pledged portion of the line's funding. After over a year of delays inflicted by the provincial government, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Mayor Naheed Nenshi, members of council, and various other stakeholders gathered at the Oliver Bowen Light Rail Maintenance Facility in Calgary to announce the Green Line would continue as planned. Jason Kenney declined to attend the announcement and sent no provincial representatives.{{Cite web|title=Trudeau, Nenshi announce final approval of Green Line|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/calgary-trudeau-kenney-liberals-climate-1.6093032}}

Alberta's current premier, Danielle Smith, called the Green Line a "catastrophically bad decision", a "fantasy", and an "excessively expensive line that goes nowhere and never will". Danielle Smith also asserted that the Green Line is "of no real use to anyone", praised the organized effort to stifle or cancel the Green Line, and called for replacing half of the rail line with a bus.{{Cite web |title=Smith: Calgary on cusp of catastrophic decision to OK Green Line to nowhere |url=https://calgaryherald.com/opinion/columnists/smith-calgary-on-cusp-of-catastrophic-decision-to-ok-green-line-to-nowhere |access-date=November 4, 2022 |website=calgaryherald}}

=Approval and public opinion=

On June 16, 2020, council voted 14 to 1 to approve construction Stage 1 of the Green Line despite vocal opposition from a small group of wealthy and influential businesspeople. The project received final approval from all three orders of government on July 7, 2021. Several polls conducted in 2020 and 2021 have suggested that the project has popular public support. A poll conducted in June 2020 found 68.7 percent of Calgarians in support of the project with its updated 2020 alignment.{{Cite web|title=New poll shows most Calgarians are in support of Green Line plan|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/7068675/poll-shows-calgarians-green-line-plan/|access-date=June 23, 2020|website=Global News}} According to a 2021 survey conducted by the City of Calgary, 90 percent of respondents said the Green Line is important to the future of the city and 89 percent said it is an important addition to the city's transportation network.

The CA$5.5 billion cost of Stage 1 will be shared in roughly equal portions between the federal government, provincial government, and the City of Calgary.{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/lrt-province-funding-announcement-ctrain-green-line-nenshi-mason-infrastructure-1.4192673|title=Alberta pledges $1.53B for Green Line LRT|date=July 6, 2017|website=CBC News Calgary|access-date=October 11, 2017}}{{Cite web|title=When will construction of the Green Line start? - 660 NEWS|url=https://www.660citynews.com/2021/03/29/when-will-construction-of-the-green-line-start/|access-date=April 11, 2021|website=www.660citynews.com|date=March 29, 2021 }} On July 10, 2021, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said "The money is there and the agreements are signed, so regardless of an election, the Green Line is going to go forward."

=Construction=

The City of Calgary began early works construction in 2017 with utility relocation and environmental redemption projects along the alignment of the line and spent over $500 million.{{Cite web| title=Construction updates for Green Line|url=https://www.calgary.ca/transportation/green-line/green-line-construction-updates.html|access-date=July 12, 2020|website=www.calgary.ca}} In November 2021, Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) was awarded the contract to supply Green Line's new fleet of low floor trains.

Construction on the Green Line officially began in April 2022{{cite news |last=MacVicar |first=Adam |date=April 13, 2022 |title=Work begins to make way for Green Line LRT tunnel under downtown Calgary |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/8756210/work-underway-green-line-lrt-tunnel-calgary/ |work=Global News |location=Calgary, Alberta |access-date=June 13, 2022}} with PCL Construction selected as the construction management contractor working on deep utility relocations to prepare the Downtown and Beltline alignment areas for tunneling. The Green Line Board released the Request for Proposals (RFP) to select a proponent to construct phase one of stage one of construction, from Shepard to Eau Claire, on September 26, 2022.

The City announced the selection of Bow Transit Connectors (a joint venture between Barnard Constructors of Canada, LP and Flatiron Constructors Canada Ltd) to build phase one of the line on April 29, 2023. On June 5, 2023, Green Line selected Graham Construction to construct the 78 Avenue SE Grade Separation and Ogden Pedestrian Tunnel Project (“78 Avenue Project”) to prepare the area around the future Ogden Station.

Phase 1 of construction is expected to be completed approximately in 2031.

Despite spending billions on feasibility studies and preparation, the City voted to wind down the Green Line on September 17, 2024.{{cite web | url=https://www.calgary.ca/green-line/green-line-news/article-engine/project-update---september-17--2024.html | title=Project Update - September 17, 2024 }} A month later, Calgary and the provincial government agreed to build the southeast section of Green Line and revive five cancelled stops.{{cite web |author=Scace, Matt |title=Calgary, province agree to build southeast section of Green Line, reviving five cancelled stops |date=11 October 2024 |work=Calgary Herald | url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/calgary-alberta-agree-to-build-large-portion-southeast-green-line }}

References

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