Greif cannon
File:Koblenz im Buga-Jahr 2011 - Festung Ehrenbreitstein 76.jpg
The Griffin cannon, also called Vogel Greif, (English: Bird Griffin), is one of the largest cannons from the 16th century. Since 1984, it has been in display in the Ehrenbreitstein Fortress in Koblenz. The possession of the cannon moved several times between Germany and France and became a symbol of the Franco-German reconciliation.
History
The Trier elector and archbishop Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads had Master Simon from Frankfurt am Main pour the cannon in 1524 and set it up on the Ehrenbreitstein fortress. After the conquest of the Ehrenbreitstein by the French in 1799 during the coalition wars, the cannon on the Moselle was brought to the Arsenal there in Metz.{{cite book|author1=Leo Marriott|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mr1GDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49|title=Heavyweights: The Military Use of Massive Weapons|author2=Simon Forty|date=3 September 2017|publisher=Book Sales|isbn=978-0-7858-3549-3|pages=49–}} Metz was besieged in 1814 and 1815. Since the French feared the fall of the city, they buried the Griffin in the ground or sank it in the Seille. In 1866 it was moved to Paris by rail to the French Musée de l'Armée in the Hôtel des Invalides, Paris.{{cite book|title=Archiv für die Artillerie- und Ingenieur-Offiziere des deutschen Reichsheeres|volume=20|publisher=Verlag E. S. Mittler|year= 1846|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gaFSu7Qtj-AC&pg=PA31 |page=31|language=de}}{{cite book|title=Westphal: Geschichte der Stadt Metz, Deutsche Buchhandlung |publisher=G. Lang|year=1876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=-risTN6CGY3OswaSiZWeBA |page=444|language=de}}
In 1940, after the conquest of France by Nazi Germany, the cannon was sent back to Koblenz.{{Cite web|title=Karambolage – l'objet : le canon Vogel Greif|url=https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/097358-000-A/karambolage-l-objet-le-canon-vogel-greif/|website=ARTE|language=fr|access-date=2020-05-10}} After the war it was brought back to Paris during the French occupation of Koblenz following World War II in 1946. As part of the Franco-German reconciliation, French President François Mitterrand signed in 1984 with German Chancellor Helmut Kohl an agreement for permanently lending it to the fortress Ehrenbreitstein.{{Cite web|title=Allocution de M. François Mitterrand, Président de la République, sur la restitution à la France d'une collection de tableaux, notamment du peintre Claude Monet, l'amitié et la coopération franco-allemandes, Mulhouse le 30 mai 1994.|url=https://www.elysee.fr/francois-mitterrand/1994/05/30/allocution-de-m-francois-mitterrand-president-de-la-republique-sur-la-restitution-a-la-france-dune-collection-de-tableaux-notamment-du-peintre-claude-monet-lamitie-et-la-cooperation-franco-allemandes-mulhouse-le-30-mai-1994|last=Mitterrand|first=François|date=30 May 1994|website=elysee.fr|language=fr|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-05-12}}{{cite book|last=Kohl|first=Helmut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bN1OBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT256|title=Erinnerungen: 1982 bis 1990|date=1 October 2014|publisher=Droemer eBook|isbn=978-3-426-42975-4|location=|pages=256–257|language=de}} The director of the French Musée de l'Armée resigned in protest.{{cite book|first=Eva|last= Zwach|title= Deutsche und englische Militärmuseen im 20. Jahrhundert, LIT Verlag Münster, 1999|year= 1999|isbn=978-3-8258-4160-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dsHTmwRu3hQC&pg=PA131 |page=131|language=de}} Since then, the cannon has been one of the best-known exhibits of the Koblenz State Museum.
The Griffin was allegedly never used due to a closed ignition hole but this was refuted after finding four bullets and black powder residue in the cannon. The ignition hole was closed with iron nails at some point after it was used.
Description
{{Commons category|Greif (Cannon)|Greif (Kanone)}}
Made of cast bronze, the Griffin weighs nine tons and is 4.66 meters long. With a 280-mm caliber, it was designed as a siege cannon and, according to theoretical calculations, was able to fire balls weighing 80 kg, using 40 kg of black powder, up to 16 km. Although the cannon had been fired, no engagement in the battle is documented.
The inscription on the cannon reads:{{Quote|SIMON GOS MICH 1524
VOGEL GREIF
DER GREIF HEIS ICH MEINEM GENEDIGEN HERRN VON DRIR DIN ICH WO ER MICH HEIST GEWALDEN DO WIL ICH DORN UND MAURN ZU SPALTEN}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite book | last = Bátori | first = Ingrid | title = Geschichte der Stadt Koblenz | publisher = Theiss | location = Stuttgart | year = 1993|volume= 1 Von den Anfängen bis zum Ende der kurfürstlichen Zeit | isbn = 3-8062-1036-5 }}
- {{cite book | last = Bátori | first = Ingrid | title = Geschichte der Stadt Koblenz | publisher = Theiss | location = Stuttgart | year = 1993|volume= 2 Von der französischen Stadt bis zur Gegenwart | isbn = 3-8062-1036-5 }}
- {{cite book | last = Weber | first = Ulrike | title = Kulturdenkmäler in Rheinland-Pfalz. Denkmaltopographie Bundesrepublik Deutschland | publisher = Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft |volume= 3.3: Stadt Koblenz. Stadtteile.| location = Worms | year = 2013 | isbn = 978-3-88462-345-9 }}
Category:France–Germany relations