Grom-class destroyer

{{Infobox ship image

|Ship image=Blyskawica l d.jpg

|Ship caption=ORP Błyskawica

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{{Infobox ship class overview

|Builders=J. Samuel White, Cowes

|Operators= {{navy|Poland}}

|Class before={{sclass|Wicher|destroyer|4}}

|Class after=*Improved Grom class (planned)

{{sclass|Skory|destroyer|4}} (actual)

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|Total ships building=

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|Total ships completed=2

|Total ships cancelled=

|Total ships active=

|Total ships laid up=

|Total ships lost=1

|Total ships retired=1

|Total ships preserved=1

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{{Infobox ship characteristics

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|Ship type=Destroyer

|Ship displacement=* 2,144 tons standard

2,560 tons full load

|Ship length=114 m

|Ship beam=11.3 m

|Ship draught=3.3 m

|Ship draft=

|Ship propulsion=*Pearson geared turbine engines

54,000 shp

|Ship speed={{convert|39|kn}}

|Ship range=

|Ship complement=192

|Ship sensors=

|Ship EW=

|Ship armament=*Initial:

7 x 4.7 in (120 mm) (3 × 2, 1 × 1)
4 x 40 mm AA (2 × 2)
8 x 13.2 mm MG (4 × 2)
6 x 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes (2 × 3)
Depth charge throwers

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The Grom-class destroyers were two destroyers, built for the Polish Navy by the British company of J. Samuel White, Cowes. They were laid down in 1935 and commissioned in 1937. The two Groms were some of the fastest and most heavily armed destroyers of World War II.

Design

Despite having ordered its previous pair of destroyers ({{ORP|Burza}} and {{ORP|Wicher|1928|6}}) from France, a country with which it had strong ties, Poland decided to acquire the second pair from the United Kingdom, possibly in recognition of the excellence of British destroyer designs at the time. The selected design resulted in large and powerful ships, superior to German and Soviet destroyers of the time, and comparable to the famous British {{sclass2|Tribal|destroyer (1936)|4}} of 1936.

The main armament was changed from the 130 mm used on the {{sclass|Wicher|destroyer}} to the standard British destroyer calibre of 4.7 inch (120 mm). However, the guns were not British, but were instead Swedish Bofors 50cal QF M34/36, the same as those used previously on the minelayer {{ORP|Gryf|1936|6}}.Whitley, p. 219

=Original ''Grom'' class=

There were two ships built:

{{ORP|Grom|1936|6}} - Sunk on 4 May 1940 in Ofotfjord near Narvik
{{ORP|Blyskawica}} - Currently preserved as a museum ship in Gdynia

=Improved ''Grom'' class=

Two more ships of this class (Huragan and Orkan) were ordered in 1939 to be built in Gdynia, but war broke out soon after the first was laid down. They would have been the first major modern warships to be built in Poland.

Operational service

Just before the war broke out, the two destroyers were evacuated to Britain to fight alongside the Royal Navy. Since they were designed for Baltic operations, they had to be modified to improve stability to operate in the rough waters of the North Sea and the Atlantic. Grom was sunk in 1940 and in December 1941 Błyskawica, had its 4.7 inch guns replaced by eight 4-inch (102 mm) guns in twin mountings. Various other modifications of armaments and sensors were made during the war.

References

Bibliography

{{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia |year=2000| publisher=Cassell & Co.|location=London|isbn=1-85409-521-8|author-link=Michael J. Whitley}}

Category:Destroyer classes